机械合金化PM304粉末的烧结特性

采用高能球磨方法制备了PM304复合粉末。研究了纳米PM304粉末的真空烧结致密化和显微组织演化现象，并与未球磨粉末的烧结试样进行了比较。结果表明，提高烧结温度和延长烧结时间有利于提高相对密度，同时组织长大。1100℃，2h是最佳烧结工艺。机械合金化导致粉末纳米化，使真空烧结后的显微组织结构明显细化，使试样的相对密度和抗拉强度比未球磨粉末烧结后的试样有显著提高。     

高能球磨工艺对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3组织与性能的影响

利用高能球磨方法对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3(质量分数,%)混合粉末进行预处理,采用电场活化烧结技术对球磨粉末进行烧结,运用XRD、SEM、硬度、断裂强度和电导率等测试方法研究球磨时间对Cu-10Cr-0.5Al2O3复合粉末烧结前后组织和性能的影响.结果表明随着球磨时间的增加,Cu晶粒更加细化,第二相分布更加弥散,以致烧结材料的强度和硬度逐渐增大,球磨20h后,烧结样品的强度和硬度分别达到952MPa和285HV;由于晶粒细化、高度弥散的第二相以及铜相的晶格畸变加强对电子的散射作用,烧结试样的电导率也随球磨时间的延长而逐渐下降,球磨20h后,烧结样品的电导率下降到51%(IACS).     

氧化铝陶瓷表面微波烧结钴基合金功能涂层的研究

以钴基自熔性合金粉末和氧化铝陶瓷粉为原料,通过微波烧结在氧化铝陶瓷表面制备梯度涂层,研究了粉末球磨时间、烧结温度对涂层微观组织形貌和结合处的影响,并测试涂层的致密度,以期将基体耐高温性能和涂层导电的电学性能相结合,满足火花塞等产品的功能要求。结果表明,粉末球磨时间为24h,在1 300℃下制备的试样,涂层微观组织较为均匀,界面结合较好,制得的试样较为致密。     

高密度纯钨的低温活化烧结工艺及其致密化行为

采用溶胶喷雾干燥-煅烧-氢热还原法制备了BET粒径为0.21μm的超细纯钨粉末,并利用球磨处理进一步活化粉末。研究了超细纯钨粉末形貌及其性能随球磨时间的变化特征,探索了未球磨、球磨5h及球磨10h3种超细纯钨粉末烧结致密工艺,此外还详细研究了纯钨烧结体组织形貌、晶粒尺寸及显微硬度等性能随烧结温度及球磨时间的变化规律。结果表明,球磨处理对超细纯钨粉末的烧结起到了极大的活化作用,由球磨10h粉末制成的压块在1900℃下烧结2h其致密度即可达97.3%,比传统微米级纯钨粉末制成的压块达到相同烧结致密度的温度降低了600℃以上。同时,球磨处理可以大幅降低钨粉的起始烧结温度和再结晶温度,获得组织更加均匀细小、力学性能(硬度)更加优良的钨烧结体。     

机械合金化Mo-Cu粉末的烧结特性

采用高能球磨方法制备了超细Mo-Cu复合粉末,通过X射线衍射,金相显微镜,扫描电镜和透射电镜等方法研究分析了所制备Mo-Cu粉末的烧结致密化、显微组织及性能的变化,并与未球磨粉末的烧结试样进行了比较.结果表明:经机械合金化的Mo-Cu粉末处于非平衡储能状态,烧结活性较高,使致密化温度降低80～100℃;其成形压坯在1250℃下烧结1.5h后,性能较佳,相对密度达到97.9%,且烧结体Mo、Cu两相分布均匀,其硬度、电导率、热导率分别达到70.10HRB、23.17ms/m、179.33W/(m·K),与未球磨粉末烧结体性能相比,都有了显著提高;过高的烧结温度与过长烧结时间,会引起Mo晶粒的明显长大.     

超细WC-Co硬质合金的制备与性能研究

利用高能球磨法制备纳米级WC-Co混合粉末,采用脉冲电流烧结技术进行烧结。用能谱分析仪(EDX)对球磨后的粉末进行成分分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)对比分析球磨前后WC-Co混合粉末的衍射峰变化,用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所制备的粉末及烧结材料进行了组织形貌观察,并测定了烧结试样的硬度。结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,WC-Co纳米粉末的粒度逐渐变小,当球磨时间超过30h后获得了粒度为100nm以下的WC-Co纳米粉末。脉冲电流烧结后获得超细WC-Co硬质合金,与传统的WC-Co硬质合金相比,超细WC-Co硬质合金具有更高的硬度(HRA92.5～94)和耐磨性。另外通过实验获得了最佳的烧结工艺参数。     

MA-SPS技术制备新型高合金工具钢

采用机械合金化-放电等离子烧结工艺制备HGSF01高合金工具钢,研究了球磨后的粉末特征以及烧结后试样的组织和性能。结果表明:混合粉末经高能球磨后有以(Fe,Cr)3C型碳化物为主的新相生成,其固相线温度为1085℃。球磨后粉末经1100℃×50℃/min×50MPa SPS烧结后,试样平均晶粒尺寸为5μm,无碳化物偏聚;致密度达到98.4%,硬度达到63HRC,抗弯强度达到1510 MPa,并具有较好的耐磨性。     

球磨时间和热压温度对粉末冶金Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf-2Cr合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf-2Cr合金,研究了粉末球磨时间（5、10、20 h）及热压烧结温度（1500、1600 ℃）对合金组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明：热压烧结后的合金由Nb基固溶体NbSS、Ti基固溶体TiSS和硅化物Nb5Si3三相组成。随着球磨时间的延长,Nb5Si3和TiSS的含量增加,而NbSS的含量减少。室温硬度随球磨时间延长和热压烧结温度的升高而提高,20 h/1600 ℃热压烧结合金硬度值最高,HV硬度达到11500 MPa。1500和1600 ℃热压烧结下合金的断裂韧性随着粉末球磨时间的延长均呈下降的趋势,5 h/1500 ℃热压烧结合金断裂韧性值最高,为10.14 MPa·m1/2。     

球磨时间和热压温度对粉末冶金Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf-2Cr合金显微组织和室温力学性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf-2Cr合金,研究了粉末球磨时间(5、10、20h)及热压烧结温度(1500、1600℃)对合金组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明:热压烧结后的合金由Nb基固溶体NbSS、Ti基固溶体TiSS和硅化物Nb5Si3三相组成。随着球磨时间的延长,Nb5Si3和TiSS的含量增加,而NbSS的含量减少。室温硬度随球磨时间延长和热压烧结温度的升高而提高,20h/1600℃热压烧结合金硬度值最高,HV硬度达到11500MPa。1500和1600℃热压烧结下合金的断裂韧性随着粉末球磨时间的延长均呈下降的趋势,5h/1500℃热压烧结合金断裂韧性值最高,为10.14MPa·m1/2。     

机械合金化对Cu—SiC粉末烧结性能的影响

本文主要讨论了Cu—SiC复合粉体经球磨后的烧结性能变化情况,通过对球磨后Cu—SiC复合粉体进行XRD、DSC分析,来了解球磨过程对Cu—SiC粉体以及烧结体性能的影响。X射线结果表明：随着球磨加工的进行,粉体的晶粒尺寸减小,Cu衍射峰消失。DSC分析的结果表明：在粉体中储存大量的能量,这些能量的储存降低了复合粉体的烧结温度,改善了烧结体的强度。烧结实验结果表明：在800℃的烧结温度下,经20h球磨后,粉体的抗折强度达到了15MPa以上。     

Preparation and luminescent properties of europium-activated YInGe2O7 phosphors

Effects of precursor milling on phase evolution and morphology of mullite (3Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) processed by solid-state reaction have been investigated. Alumina and silica powders were used as starting materials and milling was taken place in a medium energy conventional ball mill and a high-energy planetary ball mill. Milling in a conventional ball mill although decreases mullite formation temperature by 200 °C, but does not considerably change mullite phase morphology. Use of a planetary ball mill after 40 h of milling showed to be much more effective in activating the oxide precursors, and mullitization temperature was reduced to below 900 °C. Whisker like mullite was formed after sintering at 1450 °C for 2 h and volume fraction of this structure was increased by increasing the milling time. XRD results showed that samples mechanically activated for 20 h in the planetary ball mill were fully transformed to mullite after sintering at 1450 °C, whereas Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ phases were still detected in the samples milled in the conventional ball mill for 20 h and then sintered at the same conditions.     

Ti-Al基合金化合物的制备

以50at%Al、50at%Ti配比的混合粉末为原料,采用三维摆动式高能球磨机在Ar气保护下对混合粉末分别进行球磨5、10、15和20h.并利用X射线仪、扫描电镜、透射电镜及能谱仪对球磨后的Ti-Al基金属间化合物进行组织形貌、显微结构及成分分析.分析结果表明,20 h球磨时间为最佳.     

铬-陶瓷复合结合剂的机械合金化制备工艺及性能研究

以金属铬粉和陶瓷结合剂粉体为初始原料,按照不同比例配混,采用机械合金化(MA)工艺对其进行处理。工艺参数为:球料比R=20∶1,转速n=350 r/min,球磨时间t=12 h;添加适量的无水乙醇为过程控制剂。将获得的复合粉体在660～740 ℃进行无压烧结,用SiC埋烧。采用三点弯曲法测试烧结后试样的抗弯强度,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)测试试样的物相构成,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察试样断口的微观形貌,采用阿基米德原理测试试样的密度和显气孔率。实验结果表明:利用MA处理工艺,可以获得金属相与陶瓷相均匀分布的复合结合剂;当金属铬粉的质量分数为30%,烧结工艺为700 ℃/30 min时,所得试样的抗弯强度达到最大值,为187 MPa。金属铬粉通过其颗粒表层的CrO与陶瓷形成良好的界面结合,从而提高复合结合剂的抗弯强度。      

预合金粉对粉末冶金NiFe18.5Al25合金性能的影响

将元素Ni、Fe和Al粉以摩尔比56.5-18.5-25配料,分别按元素粉末高能球磨(300 r/min, 12 h)、元素粉末直接干混、50%元素粉+50%预合金粉末干混3种方式混料;混料在500 MPa的压力下压制成形,1 280 ℃下烧结;对合金烧结态进行相对密度测定、力学性能检测、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和断口形貌观察.结果表明:50%元素粉+50%预合金粉制备的合金性能最好,密度可达到6.61 g/cm3(相对密度94.8%),烧结态抗拉强度可达到868 MPa,说明元素粉末中添加的预合金粉可以控制烧结过程,提高合金的烧结密度,同时增强合金的力学性能.     

等离子体烧结制备TiNi合金的表征

将高能球磨制备的原子比为1:1的Ti Ni合金粉进行等离子体真空烧结。利用XRD、EDS和SEM对合金粉和烧结样进行了成分与微观形貌的表征,同时对烧结样进行了硬度测试。结果表明:球磨22 h后Ti Ni粉呈非晶态粉末,球磨30 h后的TiNi合金粉发生了明显的固相反应,生成了TiNi、Ni_3Ti、Ti_3Ni_4等物相。等离子体烧结样的物相是Ti Ni,Ni_4Ti_3、Ni_3Ti和Ti_2Ni。平均晶粒尺寸约2μm,平均硬度(HV)达到9000 MPa,自然时效1年后的平均硬度达到6800MPa,是常规电弧熔炼法制备的Ti Ni合金的2~5倍。     

高密度活化钨粉低温烧结近全致密化行为

采用物理化学方法制备超细高密度活化钨粉(W-0.1%Ni复合粉末,质量分数),研究球磨时间对活化钨粉形貌及其物理性能的影响,探讨球磨处理对该高密度活化钨粉烧结致密化行为的影响,并与超细纯钨粉末的烧结致密化行为进行对比。结果表明:微量活化元素镍的添加及球磨处理能明显加速钨粉的低温烧结收缩速率,显著促进钨粉的烧结致密化程度;球磨5 h后,活化钨粉在1 600℃下烧结即可达到近全致密化(致密度为99.4%),此外,镍元素的添加和球磨处理也能显著促进钨晶粒的长大。     

Sintering of WC-Co powder with nanocrystalline WC by spark plasma sintering

A 92WC-8Co powder mixture with 33 nm WC grains was prepared by strengthening ball milling and was then sintered by spark plasma sintering （SPS） at 1000-1200℃ for 5-18 rain under 10-25 kN, respectively. Movement of the position of low punch shown shrinkage of the sintered body began above 800℃. The shrinkage slowly rose as the temperature rose from 800 to 1000℃ and then quickly rose at above 1000℃ and then gradually rose at above 1150℃. The densities of the samples increased with an increase in sintering temperature, rapidly below 1100℃, and then gradually above 1100℃. WC grains grow gradually with increasing sintering temperature. The powder was sintered to near full density at 1100℃ for 5 rain under 10 kN. The best result of the sample with 275 nm WC grains and no pores was obtained at 1150℃ under 10 kN for 5 rain. The research found the graphite die had a function of carburization, which could compensate the sintered body for the lack of carbon, and had the normal microstructure.     

PREPARING NANO-CRYSTALLINE La DOPED WC/Co POWDER BY HIGH ENERGY BALL MILLING

The La doped WC/Co powder was prepared by high energy ball milling. The changes of crystal structure, micrograph and defect of the powder were investigated by means of XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscope) and DTA (differential thermal analysis). The results show that adding trace La element into carbides is effective to minish the grain size of WC/Co powder. The La doped carbides powder with grain size of 30nm can be obtained after 10h ball milling. The XRD peak of Co phase disappeared after 20h ball milling, which indicated solid solution (or secondary solid solution) of Co phase in WC phase. The La doped powder with grain size of 10nm is obtained after 30h ball milling. A peak of heat release at the temperature of 470℃ was emerged in DTA curve within the range of heating temperature, which showed that the crystal structure relaxation of the powder appeared in the process of high energy ball milling. After consolidated the La doped WC/Co alloy by high energy ball milling exhibits     

Experimental investigation on cutting mechanism of laser sintered material using small ball end mill

This paper describes an experimental investigation on the cutting mechanism of laser sintered material using small ball end mill focusing on the temperature of the cutting edge. Sintered material was produced by irradiating a laser beam on a layer of loose fine SCM–Ni–Cu powder. Bulk carbon steel AISI 1055 was selected as reference steel. The influence of cutting conditions, tools diameter and unsintered metallic powder on the cutting edge temperature were examined. Comparison of the cutting edge temperature between the peripheral and surface milling were investigated. Investigations of the tool life and wear mechanisms in cutting the sintered material and AISI 1055 were also carried out. Results indicated that the cutting edge temperature for sintered material was higher than for bulk AISI 1055. Cutting at the outer surface of sintered material produced higher temperature than at the inner surface. The temperature of the cutting edge was greatly influenced by the cutting speed followed by depth of cut and feed per tooth. Cutting temperature for different tool's diameter was almost similar under the same rotational speeds and cutting conditions. Cutting tool temperature in peripheral milling was higher than in surface milling. Adhesion of the work material and chipping were the main wear mechanisms of the ball end mill in cutting sintered material.     

Warm compacted NbC particulate reinforced iron-base composite(Ⅰ)--Effect of fabrication parameters

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｅｔａｌｍａｔｒｉｘｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ (ＭＭＣｓ)ｃｏｍｂｉｎｅｓｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｓｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ.Ｉｔｉｓａｈｏｔｓｐｏｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅｓ .Ｐｏｗｄｅｒｍｅｔａｌｌｕｒｇｙ (