容器用钛的性能要求

1 容器用钛的概念钛材的应用很广泛,主要用于两方面:一方面为航空、航天、航海,主要利用钛材低的相对密度及高的比强度,一般称为军用;另一方面为化工过程设备,主要利用钛材优良的耐蚀性能,一般称为民用.民用钛材有3/4用于容器(包括换热器),军用钛材也有少量用于容器.我国绝大部分钛材属民用,此处的容器用钛也主要讨论民用.尽管绝大部分容器都用钢制,钛制容器仅占容器量的很小     

中美钛市场评述

目前世界钛市场主要是美、日、独联体“三足鼎立”的垄断局面。自1996年以来,以波音777为代表的民用飞机和高尔夫球棍等民用需求的急剧扩大使世界钛市场一改长期低迷的态势,出现了1997年的繁荣景象。但1998年以来,由于亚洲金融危机等原因,又使整个钛工业市场需求出现了一定的回落,世界钛加工材产量也随之有所下降,基本保持在6X104t略低的水平。进入1999年,世界钛市场仍然受航空应用市场的影响,第一季度的钛材产量及交货量都有所下降,钛的主要需求领域仍以一般工业及民用航空制造业为主,其它的钛应用领域以民品、新品开发为主。钛…     

钛在大连化学工业公司碱厂应用

大连化学工业公司碱厂年产纯碱量为72万t,采用氨碱法和联合制碱法进行生产.从70年代后期开始.为改变设备落后状况,一些主要设备逐步用钛材及钛设备进行更新.1983年后,又进一步扩大了钛材的应用范围,现将应用情况简述如下.     

日本钛工业现状与钛生产技术的进步

钛产品具有质轻、强度高、耐热性好等优异性能。文中对钛的用途和日本钛生产企业的技术现状进行了详细介绍，目前主要的原料钛生产厂有石原产业、东邦钛和住友钛公司。金属钛产品的主要生产厂有神户制钢、住友金属和新日铁公司。     

世界钛应用开发现状

每年一次的国际钛协会应用会议主要就钛的商业应用展开讨论。第15届大会的主要议题是：(1)钛工业现状；(2)钛在体育用品方面的应用；(3)钛在牙科方面应用；(4)航空应用趋势；(5)钛在油、气、化工等领域应用；(6)钛在建筑行业的应用；(7)模铸工艺在钛加工中的地位；(8)进入新世纪后对钛工业的展望。1 钛业界权威人士的看法 国际钛协会主席、Timet总裁J.L.Martin指出，钛工业市场目前处于下滑趋势，尤其是在北美。世界钛装货量在1997年达到峰值6.0×104t，1998年稍降至5.7×104t，1999年下降为不足5.0×104t，2000年的情况估计与1999年相似…     

钛建材及表面处理技术

介绍了钛材在建筑物防酸雨，耐海洋气候等方面的性能；举例介绍了钛材在建筑上的应用以及建筑物对钛表面的要求，钛建材的表面处理方法主要是光整轧制法，酸洗法，复合法，喷砂法和着色法等5种工艺，列举也世界上使用钛建材的主要建筑物的钛材用量和表面处理方法。     

高钛原料的生产

高钛原料包括钛铁矿、天然金红石、钛渣和合成金红石等,根据用途可分为用于硫酸法制取氧化钛的和用于氯化法制取氯化钛及金属钛的两种.用硫酸法制取氧化钛时,考虑到溶解性.不能使用金红石型的原料,原料品位要从经济上考虑.人工合成的高钛原料中铁为主要杂质,其除去率影响着原料的质量,存在一个铁的残余量界限.     

独联体钛工业的现状

在过去25年时间里,前苏联建立起了令人瞩目的钛工业,其海绵钛和钛锭生产能力都达到全世界生产能力的50％。冷战结束之后,用钛量大的军事装备的需求量急剧地减少,其中包括钛壳潜水艇。虽然俄罗斯的民用航空与航天工业和其它工业部门继续利用一些钛,但是它也引起了世界范围的钛生产能力大量过剩。     

“十五”期间我国主要民用新建工程用钛量调查

叙述了“十五”期间我国主要民用新建工程用钛量的调查结果。在此期间,各主要工程的用钛量为12170t。     

国际钛协会组织综述

目前 ,世界上的国际专业钛协会组织主要有美国的“国际钛协会”(简称ＩＴＡ)和“日本钛协会”(简称ＪＴＳ)。尤其是日本钛协会 ,已有近 5 0年的发展历程 ,主要以钛的民用推广为主 ,它对我国钛工业及钛协会的今后发展 ,可提供一定的借鉴。以下重点对日本钛协会进行介绍。1　国际钛协会 (ＩＴＡ)国际钛协会ＩＴＡ即ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＴｉｔａｎｉｕｍＡｓｓｏｃｉａ ｔｉｏｎ的简称 ,其前身是美国钛协会 (ＴＤＡ—ＴｉｔａｎｉｕｍＤｅ ｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎ)。美国钛协会成立于 1984年 ,它主要以钛的应用开发为…     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Botulism in Poland in 1996

A model is presented in which ion translocation through the F0 part of the ATP synthase drives the rotation of the ring of c subunits (rotor) versus the a subunit (stator). The coupling ion binding sites on the rotor are accessible from the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell except for the c subunit at the interface to the stator. Here, the binding site is accessible from the periplasm through a channel formed by subunit a. In the ATP synthesis mode, a coupling ion is anticipated to pass through the stator channel into the binding site of the adjacent rotor subunit, following the electrical potential. Occupation of this site triggers, probably by electrostatic forces, the rotation of the ring. This makes the binding site accessible to the cytoplasm, where the coupling ion dissociates. Simultaneously, this rotation moves again an empty rotor subunit into the contact site with the stator, where its binding site becomes loaded and rotation continues.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.