乌斯他丁和环磷酰胺对乳腺癌细胞增殖和侵袭及MMP-9表达的影响

目的观察乌斯他丁(UTI)和环磷酰胺(CTX)对体外培养的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7(雌激素受体阳性)和乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231(雌激素受体阴性)增殖、侵袭及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达的影响。方法将体外培养的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231分别分为8组:对照组、UTI高、中、低剂量组、CTX组、CTX+UTI高、中、低剂量组,分别用相应药物处理。采用MTT法检测细胞的增殖能力;流式细胞仪分析细胞周期;RT-PCR检测细胞MMP-9基因的表达;Boyden小室侵袭试验检测两种细胞的浸袭能力。结果UTI可明显抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖,使细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期,并能使2株细胞中MMP-9基因的转录水平下降,细胞的增殖侵袭能力降低。CTX与UTI联合应用,其作用效果优于CTX单独使用。结论UTI能增强CTX诱导的乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的增殖抑制作用,二者具有协同效应。其机制可能与UTI降低细胞MMP-9基因的表达等有关。     

CXC亚家族趋化因子13在乳腺癌组织中表达及其调控网络的生物信息学分析

目的 通过生物信息学方法分析CXC亚家族趋化因子13(CXC subfamily chemokine 13,CXCL13)在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其调控网络.方法 利用多种在线数据库分析CXCL13在乳腺癌组织中的表达、基因变化及相关的功能网络,筛选CXCL13相关的差异表达基因,进行基因本体论及京都基因与基因组百科全书...     

乳腺癌ER表达及手术前后血小板计数的临床研究

目的探讨乳腺癌ER表达及手术前后血小板计数变化及临床意义。方法应用三分类血球计数仪,检测患者手术前3d和手术后第7天血小板计数,术后癌组织应用免疫组化技术作ER检测。应用SPSS13.0系统软件对结果进行分析。结果乳腺癌组术前、术后血小板计数较良性对照组明显增高;乳腺癌组术后血小板计数高于术前;术前、术后血小板计数ER阴性组均高于ER阳性组。结论提示侵袭性强的肿瘤血小板升高的更明显,血小板升高与肿瘤的预后密切相关。     

乌司他丁和泰索帝对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中uPA、uPAR、ERK表达的影响

目的探讨乌司他丁(Ulinastatin,UTI)和泰索帝(Taxotere,TXT)对体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中u-PA、uPAR、ERK表达的影响。方法将MDA-MB-231(ER-)细胞分为4组:UTI组(UTI 800 U/ml)、TXT组(TXT 3.7μg/ml)、UTI+TXT组(UTI 800 U/ml+TXT 3.7μg/ml)、对照组(等量生理盐水)。给药后24 h,分别采用荧光定量RT-PCR检测各组细胞中uPA、uPAR、ERK基因mRNA的水平,Western blot法检测各组细胞中uPA、uPAR、p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平。结果 UTI组和UTI+TXT组MDA-MB-231(ER-)细胞中uPA和uPAR基因mRNA的水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),而TXT组中二者的表达水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),各组间ERK基因mRNA的水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);UTI组和UTI+TXT组中uPA、uPAR和p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01),而TXT组中3种蛋白的表达水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论UTI可抑制MDA-MB-231细胞中uPA、uPAR、p-ERK的表达,而TXT可上调三者的表达。     

乌司他丁和泰索帝对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖和侵袭的影响及其机制

目的 探讨乌司他丁(Ulinastatin,ULI)和泰索帝(Taxotere,TXT)对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖、侵袭及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响.方法 将体外培养的人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231(雌激素受体阴性)随机分为4组:对照组...     

云芝糖肽对乳腺癌患者外周血单个核细胞Toll样受体4的作用

目的探讨云芝糖肽(polysaccharopeptide,PSP)对乳腺癌患者外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclearcell,PBMC)Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)的作用。方法体外分离乳腺癌患者或健康人PBMC,并将其分别分为PSP组(分别加入终浓度为25μg/ml的PSP和终浓度为100μg/ml的PHA)和对照组(只加入终浓度为100μg/ml的PHA),采用TLR4单克隆抗体对各组细胞进行免疫荧光染色。将乳腺癌患者PBMC分为空白对照组、TLR4抗体组、PSP组和PSP+TLR4抗体组,采用Q-PCR检测各组PBMC IL-12、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平。结果健康志愿者对照组PBMC荧光强度较强,而健康志愿者PSP组PBMC荧光强度较弱;乳腺癌患者PSP组与乳腺癌患者对照组相比,细胞荧光强度更弱。与空白对照组比较,TLR4抗体组PBMC IL-12和组TNF-α的表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),PSP组PBMC IL-12、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05或<0.01);与PSP和TLR4抗体组比较,PSP+TLR4抗体组PBMC IL-12、IL-6和TNF-α的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论 TLR4可能是PSP的作用受体之一。     

乌司他丁和泰索帝对乳腺癌细胞增殖、侵袭的影响及其机制

目的探讨乌司他丁(Ulinastatin for injection,UTI)和泰索帝(Taxotere,TXT)对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231(ER-)增殖、侵袭及血管内皮生长因子-C(Vascular endothelial growth factor-C,VEGF-C)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(Basic fibroblastgrowth factor,bFGF)、神经生长因子(Nerve growth factor,NGF)mRNA转录水平的影响。方法体外培养MDA-MB-231细胞,随机分为4组:对照组(只加RPMI1640培养液)、UTI组(终浓度800 U/ml)、TXT组(3.7μg/ml)、UTI+TXT组(800 U/ml UTI+3.7μg/ml TXT)。给药后24、48、72 h,采用MTT法检测细胞增殖水平;24 h,采用Transwell侵袭小室法检测细胞侵袭能力,实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞VEGF-C、bFGF、NGF基因mRNA的转录水平。结果 UTI、TXT及UTI+TXT呈时间依赖性抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖(P均<0.05),并显著抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的侵袭能力(P均<0.01)及VEGF-C、bFGF、NGF基因mRNA的转录水平(P均<0.05);TXT组与UTI+TXT组NGF基因mRNA转录水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对细胞增殖、侵袭及VEGF-C、bFGF、NGF基因mRNA转录的抑制作用UTI+TXT>TXT>UTI。结论 UTI和TXT均可显著抑制乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231增殖、侵袭,UTI可增强TXT的抑制作用,其机制可能与下调VEGF-C、bFGF、NGF mRNA的表达有关。     

HER-2阳性乳腺癌与TGF-β1、PDCD4关系的研究进展

乳腺癌(breastcancer)是中国女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,众多乳腺癌(BC)病人确诊时已进入至中、晚期,预后不良,BC已成为危及我国女性群体身心健康的一大疾病。因此寻找乳腺恶性肿瘤复发、转移、侵袭的生物学标记物对肿瘤的浸润、转移的监测具有重要的作用。近年来,随着乳腺癌的发展,对乳腺癌分子发病机制的研究也更加深入,其中比较重要的是TGF-β1和PDCD4。本文探讨TGF-β1、PDCD4与乳腺癌发生发展的关系及其临床意义。     

代谢型谷氨酸受体4胞内段的原核表达及纯化

目的原核表达代谢型谷氨酸受体4胞内段(metabolic glutamate receptor 4 intracellular,GRM4 intracellular,GRM4 intra),并用Ni柱进行纯化。方法采用PAS(PCR-based accurate synthesis)法合成GRM4 intra基因序列,将目的片段和质粒p Czn1双酶切后,经连接,构建重组质粒pCzn1-GRM4 intra;将重组质粒转化至Rosseta菌株,IPTG诱导GRM4 intra蛋白的表达,表达的蛋白利用Ni柱亲和层析法纯化。结果经测序和双酶切鉴定证明质粒pCzn1-GRM4 intra构建正确;在IPTG诱导下,质粒能够在Rosseta菌株中高效表达,表达的蛋白相对分子质量约18 400,主要以可溶性性形式存在,纯度> 90%。结论成功获得了原核表达的GRM4 intra蛋白,为利用体外pull down方法鉴定GRM4的相互作用蛋白提供了参考。     

吉西他滨在胰腺癌治疗中的研究进展

胰腺癌(PC)是最具侵袭性的人类癌症之一,有严重的耐药性和高复发率的特点,中位生存时间为6～12个月。同时胰腺癌也是预后最差的肿瘤之一,其早期临床症状不明显,大部分病人确诊时已无手术机会,需要通过全身化疗来改善预后。因此放化疗对于治疗胰腺癌至关重要。有许多用于胰腺癌治疗的化疗药物可以提高患者的总体生存率。其中研究最为广泛的是吉西他滨耐药。吉西他滨是晚期胰腺癌新辅助治疗、辅助治疗和姑息治疗的基石,胰腺癌的不良预后主要是由于对包括吉西他滨在内的治疗产生耐药性。因此本文就吉西他滨在胰腺癌治疗中的研究进展进行综述。     

CXC Chemokine Signaling in Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Theranostic Perspectives

Patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are often diagnosed at an advanced stage due to nonspecific symptoms and ineffective screening approaches. Although chemotherapy has been available and widely used for the treatment of advanced EOC, the overall prognosis remains dismal. As part of the intrinsic defense mechanisms against cancer development and progression, immune cells are recruited into the tumor microenvironment (TME), and this process is directed by the interactions between different chemokines and their receptors. In this review, the functional significance of CXC chemokine ligands/chemokine receptors (CXCL/CXCR) and their roles in modulating EOC progression are summarized. The status and prospects of CXCR/CXCL-based theranostic strategies in EOC management are also discussed.     

The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature

Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (T_regs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.     

T Lymphocyte Antigen 4-Modified Dendritic Cell Therapy for Asthmatic Mice Guided by the CCR7 Chemokine Receptor

The CD80/CD86-CD28 axis is a critical pathway for immuno-corrective therapy, and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a promising immunosuppressor targeting the CD80/CD86-CD28 axis; however, its use for asthma therapy needs further optimization. A human CTLA4 fused with the IgCγ Fc (CTLA4Ig) and mouse CC chemokine receptor type7 (CCR7) coding sequences were inserted into a recombinant adenovirus (rAdV) vector to generate rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7. The naive dendritic cells (DCs) were infected with these rAdVs to ensure CCR7 and CTLA4Ig expression. The therapeutic effects of modified DCs were evaluated. rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7 infected DCs improved all asthma symptoms. Inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine analysis showed that rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7-modified DC therapy reduced the number of eosinophils and lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration in the lung. Interestingly, assessment of the humoral immunity showed that the IL-4 and IFNγ levels of the rAdV-CTLA4Ig and rAdV-CCR7-modified DC-treated mice decreased significantly and did not reverse the Th1/Th2 balance. DCs expressing CCR7 displayed guidance ability for DC migration, primarily for DCs in the inflammatory lung. Additionally, the rAdVs caused an inflammatory response by inducing DC differentiation, inflammatory cell infiltration and changes in cytokines; however, mice transplanted with rAdV-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-infected DCs displayed no asthma manifestations. In conclusion, CTLA4Ig-modified DCs exhibited a therapeutic effect on asthma, and CCR7 may guide DC homing. The combination of these two molecules may be a model for precision-guided immunotherapy.     

Comparison of the Response to the CXCR4 Antagonist AMD3100 during the Development of Retinal Organoids Derived from ES Cells and Zebrafish Retina

Retinal organoids generated from human embryonic stem cells or iPSCs recreate the key structural and functional features of mammalian retinal tissue in vitro. However, the differences in the development of retinal organoids and normal retina in vivo are not well defined. Thus, in the present study, we analyzed the development of retinal organoids and zebrafish retina after inhibition of CXCR4, a key role in neurogenesis and optic nerve development, with the antagonist AMD3100. Our data indicated that CXCR4 was mainly expressed in ganglion cells in retinal organoids and was rarely expressed in amacrine or photoreceptor cells. AMD3100 treatment reduced the retinal organoid generation ratio, impaired differentiation, and induced morphological changes. Ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and photoreceptors were decreased and abnormal locations were observed in organoids treated with AMD3100. Neuronal axon outgrowth was also damaged in retinal organoids. Similarly, a decrease of ganglion cells, amacrine cells, and photoreceptors and the distribution of neural outgrowth was induced by AMD3100 treatment in zebrafish retina. However, abnormal photoreceptor ensembles induced by AMD3100 treatment in the organoids were not detected in zebrafish retina. Therefore, our study suggests that although retinal organoids might provide a reliable model for reproducing a retinal developmental model, there is a difference between the organoids and the retina in vivo.     

Ligand‐Biased and Probe‐Dependent Modulation of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Signaling by Negative Allosteric Modulators

Over the last decade, functional selectivity (or ligand bias) has evolved from being a peculiar phenomenon to being recognized as an essential feature of synthetic ligands that target G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). The CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) is an outstanding platform to study various aspects of biased signaling, because nature itself uses functional selectivity to manipulate receptor signaling. At the same time, CXCR3 is an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Herein we report the discovery of an 8‐azaquinazolinone derivative (N‐{1‐[3‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐3,4‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐2‐yl]ethyl}‐4‐(4‐fluorobutoxy)‐N‐[(1‐methylpiperidin‐4‐yl)methyl]butanamide, 1 b ) that can inhibit CXC chemokine 11 (CXCL11)‐dependent G protein activation over β‐arrestin recruitment with 187‐fold selectivity. This compound also demonstrates probe‐dependent activity, that is, it inhibits CXCL11‐ over CXCL10‐mediated G protein activation with 12‐fold selectivity. Together with a previously reported biased negative allosteric modulator from our group, the present study provides additional information on the molecular requirements for allosteric modulation of CXCR3.