双馈风电机组动态虚拟惯量和阻尼模糊自适应控制策略研究

针对传统双馈风电机组虚拟同步控制（VSG）中因负载突变导致电网频率、输出有功功率波动较大和暂态调节时间过长的问题,提出一种基于模糊自适应控制策略的变参数风电机组虚拟同步发电机控制策略。首先,在机组转子侧变流器中引入VSG算法使得风电对电网频率具有主动支撑能力,并建立DFIG-VSG有功功率小信号模型分析惯量和阻尼系数对系统稳定性的影响;然后,通过分析系统暂态过程中的功频变化原理并结合不受线性量化约束的模糊算法,将虚拟惯量和阻尼的范围作为模糊自适应环节的输出论域,进而实时调整惯量和阻尼系数以降低功率超调和频率偏移。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中基于DFIG-VSG机组的仿真结果验证了所提模糊自适应VSG控制策略的可行性、有效性及优势。     

基于功率轨迹预设的双馈风电机组虚拟惯量控制策略

传统虚拟惯量控制的双馈风力发电机组参数设置不当将面临风机失速的风险,且风机有功出力的瞬时下降可能引起频率的二次跌落。为此,提出一种改进虚拟惯量控制策略,基于系统频率最低点产生时刻,设定频率有功出力维持时间,减小不必要的转子动能释放;转速恢复期间有功出力随时间缓慢减少至风机最大功率跟踪点,减小频率二次跌落。最后,基于EMTP-RV仿真平台搭建高比例风电联网调频电力系统,验证了在不同变风速场景下改进方法的有效性和优越性。     

基于改进下垂控制的双馈风电机组频率控制策略

为高效利用风机旋转动能,提高风电机组的频率支撑能力,文章在传统下垂控制策略的基础上,提出一种基于改进下垂控制的双馈风电机组频率控制策略。该策略通过结合扰动后电网频率动态特性,提出了可随系统频率变化率（RoCoF）变化的自适应下垂控制系数,在不同扰动下,有效提高风电机组频率支撑能力,改善系统最大频率偏差和最大频率变化率。基于EMTP-RV仿真软件搭建了四机两区域系统模型进行仿真,结果表明,改进后的下垂控制可有效应对不同扰动工况,提高了风电机组频率响应能力,进一步地改善了系统频率稳定性。     

不同惯量飞轮对脉冲机组轴系扭振性能影响研究

建立了三组不同惯量飞轮下脉冲机组轴系的当量系统模型,应用轴系扭转振动计算软件,分别对该三种方案下脉冲机组轴系自由振动和强迫振动进行了计算研究.分析了不同惯量飞轮对轴系固有频率、柴油机曲轴扭振应力、发电机转子电角、发电机转子扭矩、弹性联轴器扭矩的影响,根据分析结果,提出了合理的机组运行方案.并利用扭振测试分析系统,校核了其中一组惯量飞轮下脉冲机组的扭振计算结果,证明了理论计算结果的正确性.     

考虑LVRT的双馈风电机组对电网频率的影响分析

为研究具备低电压穿越(LVRT)性能的双馈感应风力发电机(DFIG)对系统频率稳定性的影响,首先利用转子运动方程和等效导纳模型对故障穿越期间和故障恢复期间系统频率与风机馈入系统的有功功率之间的关系进行理论推导,建立含双馈风电机组的电网频率响应解析模型,在此基础上分析了低电压穿越特性对系统频率稳定性的影响;然后基于PSC...     

综合利用SVG和双馈风电机组的风电场无功控制策略分析

针对风电场的无功功率平衡和电压稳定问题,提出了一种以风电场与电网交换无功功值为目标的控制策略。综合运用风电场安装的SVG无功补偿装置及双馈机组的无功调节能力来达到这一目标值。文章结合工程实例,通过对不同发电量下风电场的无功损耗和电压波动情况进行计算,提出利用风力发电机的无功功率可基本实现风电场的无功平衡。     

电网短路故障下双馈风电机组传动链扭振疲劳可靠性分析

双馈风电机组电气故障扰动引起的电磁转矩波动易造成轴系传动链扭振疲劳,有必要研究电网短路故障对机组传动链扭振疲劳可靠性的影响.首先建立考虑关键部件柔性的传动链有限元模型,通过模态分析获取传动扭振模态.其次基于集中质量法,建立机电耦合模型,以电网短路故障为扰动因素,仿真分析电网短路故障下电磁转矩动态响应.最后将电网短路故障...     

适用于双馈风电机组的主动式crowbar电路

针对双馈型风电机组低电压穿越时的工况,在分析该工况对crowbar电路要求的基础上,概述了相关的技术背景,详述了crowbar电路的相关问题。     

双馈风电机组次同步控制相互作用的抑制方法

当系统发生扰动时,双馈风电机组的转子侧变流器会与串联补偿装置的电容器发生次同步控制相互作用(Sub-synchronous control interaction,SSCI),使双馈风电机组在一定程度上表现为次同步振荡的发生源,严重影响到电力系统的稳定性.在抑制次同步振荡的同时,当控制器参数发生变化时,使控制器原有性能...     

双馈风电机组变流器功率管开路故障诊断方法

通过分析变流器电流变化的特性,文章提出了一种基于风电机组状态监测数据的双馈风电机组变流器功率管开路故障诊断方法。该方法以求取基于电流Park矢量模的归一化电流为基础,构造了基于归一化电流绝对平均值的故障检测变量,和基于归一化电流平均值的故障检测自适应阈值;根据故障相定位变量与阈值的比较结果进行功率管开路故障识别。仿真结果表明,该方法能实时在线进行故障诊断和快速分析,确定变流器多功率管开路故障,且不受风速突变和电网电压跌落的影响,具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Centralised power control of wind farm with doubly fed induction generators

At the moment, the control ability of wind farms is a prime research concern for the grid integration of large wind farms, due to their required active role in the power system. This paper describes the on-going work of a research project, whose overall objective is to analyse and assess the possibilities for control of different wind farm concepts. The scope of this paper is the control of a wind farm made up exclusively of doubly fed induction generators. The paper addresses the design and implementation issues of such a controller and focuses on the ability of the wind farm control strategy to regulate the wind farm power production to the reference power ordered by the system operators. The presented wind farm control has a hierarchical structure with both a central control level and a local control level. The central wind farm control level controls the power production of the whole farm by sending out reference power signals to each individual wind turbine, while the local wind turbine control level ensures that the reference power signal send by the central control level is reached. The performance of the control strategy is assessed and discussed by means of simulations illustrated both at the wind farm level and at each individual wind turbine level.     

Rotor flux magnitude and angle control strategy for doubly fed induction generators

A new control strategy is investigated for Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs). It exercises control over the generator terminal voltage and output power by adjusting the magnitude and angle of the rotor flux vector. It is shown that this control strategy leads to low interaction between the power and voltage control loop, better system damping and voltage recovery following faults, and it also provides enhanced frequency regulation capability compared with that achieved with existing DFIG controllers described in the open literature. The dynamic performance of the proposed DFIG control is tested for small and large disturbances using a generic network that combines wind and conventional synchronous generation. Simulation results are presented and discussed that demonstrate the capabilities of the new strategy to enhance DFIG performance and its contribution to network operation.     

VSC-based direct torque and reactive power control of doubly fed induction generator

This paper proposes a novel direct torque and reactive power control (DTC) for grid-connected doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) in the wind power generation applications. The proposed DTC strategy employs a variable structure control (VSC) scheme to calculate the required rotor control voltage directly and to eliminate the instantaneous errors of active and reactive powers without involving any synchronous coordinate transformations, which essentially enhances the transient performance. Constant switching frequency is achieved as well by using space vector modulation (SVM), which eases the designs of power converter and ac harmonic filters. Simulated results on a 2 MW grid-connected DFIG system are presented and compared with those of the classic voltage-oriented vector control (VC) and traditional look-up-table (LUT) direct power control (DPC). The proposed VSC DTC maintains enhanced transient performance similar to the LUT DPC and keeps the steady-state harmonic spectra at the identical level as the VC strategy when the network is strictly balanced. Besides, the VSC DTC strategy is capable of fully eliminating the double-frequency pulsations in both the electromagnetic torque and the stator reactive power during network voltage unbalance.     

Reduced models of doubly fed induction generator system for wind turbine simulations

This article compares three reduced models with a detailed model of a doubly fed induction generator system for wind turbine applications. The comparisons are based on simulations only. The main idea is to provide reduced generator models which are appropriate to simulate normal wind turbine operation in aeroelastic wind turbine models, e.g. for control system design or structural design of the wind turbine. The electrical behaviour such as grid influence will therefore not be considered. The work presented in this article shows that with an ideal, undisturbed grid the dynamics of the doubly fed induction generator system is very well represented by the dynamics due to the generator inertia and the generator control system, whereas the electromagnetic characteristics of the generator can be represented by the steady state relations. The parameters for the proposed models are derived from parameters typically available from the generator data sheet and from the controller settings. Thus the models are simple to apply in any case where the generator data sheet is available. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

适合于变速恒频双馈感应发电机的Crowbar对比分析

电网运行新规则要求变速恒频双馈感应发电机在电网电压跌落的情况下仍与电网相连接，为做到这一点需要安装低压旁路系统。综合分析了低压带来的负面影响以及低压旁路的具体实现方法；对比了多种Crowbar电路各自的优缺点；最后介绍了变速恒频双馈发电机相关保护控制策略和新型旁路系统。     

PSCAD/EMTDC环境下双馈风力发电机组的建模与仿真

介绍了一种在PSCAD/EMTDC环境中建立双馈风电机组模型以用于电磁暂态分析的方法。分析了风力机风速与输出转矩的关系,建立了机侧换流器的定子磁链定向矢量控制模型、网侧换流器的电网电压定向矢量控制模型,并考虑了低电压穿越控制策略。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC环境中建立了双馈风电机组的模型,仿真验证了建模方法的有效性和正确性。仿真结果表明,在PSCAD/EMTDC环境中,双馈风机建模方法能够准确地描述风电机组的电磁暂态特性。     

Coordinated control for unbalanced operation of stand‐alone doubly fed induction generator

This paper proposes a coordinated control scheme of a stand‐alone doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)‐based wind energy conversion system to improve the operation performance under unbalanced load conditions. To provide excellent voltage profile for load, a direct stator flux control scheme based on auto‐disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is applied, and less current sensors are required. Due to the virtues of ADRC, the controller has good disturbance rejection capability and is robust to parameter variation. In the case of unbalanced loads, the electromagnetic torque pulsations at double synchronous frequency will exist. To eliminate the undesired effect, the stator‐side converter (SSC) is used to provide the negative sequence current components for the unbalanced load. Usually, proportional integral controllers in a synchronous reference frame are used to control SSC. To simplify the algorithm, an improved proportional resonant (PR) control is proposed and used in the current loop without involving positive and negative sequence decomposition. The improved PR provides more degree of freedom which could be used to improve the performance. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme has been validated by the simulation and experimental results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluating reduced models of aggregated different doubly fed induction generator wind turbines for transient stabilities studies

For the representation of wind farms in transient stability studies of electrical power systems, reduced models based on aggregating identical wind turbines are commonly used. In the case of a wind farm with different wind turbines coupled to the same grid connection point, it is usual to aggregate identical wind turbines operating in similar conditions into an equivalent one. However, in the existing literature, there are not any references to the aggregation of different wind turbines (same wind turbine technology but different rated power or components) into a single one. This paper presents a comparative study of four reduced models for aggregating different DFIG wind turbines, experiencing different incoming winds, into an equivalent model. The first of them is the classical clustering model, in which each equivalent model experiences an equivalent wind. The other reduced models have the same equivalent generation system but different equivalent mechanical systems. Thus, the second and third ones are compound models with a clustering aggregated mechanical system and individual simplified models, respectively, to approximate the individual mechanical power according to the incoming wind speeds. The fourth is a mixed model that uses an equivalent wind speed, which is applied to an equivalent mechanical system (equivalent rotor and drive train) in order to approximate the mechanical power of the aggregated wind turbines. The equivalent models are validated by means of comparison with the complete model of the wind farm when simulated under wind fluctuations and grid disturbances. Finally, recommendations with regard to the applicability of models are established. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Robust direct power control based on the Lyapunov theory of a grid-connected brushless doubly fed induction generator

This paper deals with robust direct power control of a grid-connected brushless doubly-fed induction generator(BDFIG). Using a nonlinear feedback linearization strategy, an attempt is made to improve the desired performances by controlling the generated stator active and reactive power in a linear and decoupled manner. Therefore, to achieve this objective, the Lyapunov approach is used associated with a sliding mode control to guarantee the global asymptotical stability. Thus, an optimal operation of the BDFIG in sub-synchronous operation is obtained as well as the stator power flows with the possibility of keeping stator power factor at a unity. The proposed method is tested with the Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results illustrate the performances and the feasibility of the designed control.