星载SAR斜视模式运动目标方位多通道信号重建方法

在星载方位多通道SAR斜视模式下,方位斜视角度和运动目标的速度分别导致回波多普勒频谱发生2次混叠和通道失衡,影响运动目标方位多通道信号重建。针对该问题,该文提出一种适用于多通道斜视模式下的运动目标的重建方法。首先通过方位向去斜预处理消除了斜视导致的2次多普勒混叠,然后通过修正的多通道重建矩阵来解决目标速度导致的通道失衡。此外,该文还研究了通道冗余情况下的杂波抑制能力,分析了估计速度误差带来的残余相位误差,给出了一种星载方位多通道SAR斜视模式下的运动目标速度快速估计搜索方法。最后,通过点目标仿真验证了方法的有效性。     

基于特征分解的方位向多通道SAR相位失配校正方法

作为实现高分辨率宽幅成像的重要技术手段之一,方位多通道合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR)近年来得到了广泛的研究与发展。在进行多通道数据重建之前,通道之间的传输特性必须校正一致,以避免图像中出现严重的虚假目标。在多通道SAR数据处理中,精确的基带多普勒中心估计对系统的通道失配校正和高分辨率成像具有非常重要的意义。但是单一通道数据的多普勒频谱混叠制约了传统基带多普勒中心估计算法在方位多通道SAR系统中的应用。基于特征分解处理,该文提出一种新的基带多普勒中心估计方法。该方法在推导过程中考虑了波束指向存在斜视的影响,能够实现方位多通道SAR系统基带多普勒中心和通道间相位误差的鲁棒估计。仿真实验和C波段方位向四通道机载SAR实验数据处理分析验证了算法的有效性。      

机载多通道SAR运动目标方位向速度和法向速度联合估计算法

对运动目标进行SAR成像时,参数估计是必不可少的。现有算法主要针对运动目标的径向速度和方位向速度进行估计,而对3维运动目标的法向速度无法估计。该文利用L型基线的机载多通道SAR系统,提出一种方位向速度和法向速度的联合估计算法。该算法在距离-多普勒域提取运动目标信号,并利用多幅SAR图像之间的相位差进行方位向速度和法向速度的联合估计。该算法不依赖图像配准,不需要解多普勒模糊,因此具有较高的估计精度和鲁棒性,有较强的实际意义和应用价值。     

基于多普勒谱优化的HRWS SAR系统通道相位偏差估计算法

方位多通道SAR系统通过抑制多普勒模糊,能够实现高分辨率和宽测绘带(HRWS)对地观测。针对通道间幅相偏差会导致成像结果中出现目标模糊分量的问题,该文提出一种通道相位偏差估计算法。该算法利用通道间相位偏差会造成多通道重构方位谱在主瓣内展宽的特性,通过优化多谱勒谱能够实现通道相位偏差的有效估计。该算法在通道相位偏差估计前不需要进行多普勒中心估计,减小了由多普勒中心估计不准引入的误差,并且在低信噪比的情况下仍然具有良好的估计性能。基于仿真数据和实测数据的实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

一种基于误差反向传播优化的多通道SAR相位误差估计方法

方位向多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)可实现高分辨率宽测绘带成像,准确估计通道间相位误差是保障成像质量的关键。该文提出了基于误差反向传播训练优化的通道相位误差估计方法,该方法根据多通道SAR回波生成的物理过程,构建含有通道间相位误差待估计参数的观测矩阵,通过初始化的通道误差和初始化的目标散射系数参数生成初始化的SAR回波,并计算该回波与多通道SAR实测回波之间的误差,通过深度学习中常用的误差反向传播的方法,不断训练优化上述参数,最终获得通道间相位误差的估计值,同时也得到了对稀疏目标散射系数的估计。该方法基于误差反向传播方法,并将该方法与通道误差的形成原理相结合,在稀疏假设下同时完成了相位估计和成像,为多通道SAR误差估计提供了一种全新的思路。多通道SAR仿真数据验证了该文算法的有效性。      

一种星载多通道高分辨率宽测绘带SAR系统通道相位偏差估计新方法

方位多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)可有效地抑制多普勒模糊以实现高分辨率宽测绘带(High-Resolution Wide-Swath HRWS)成像。通道间幅相误差将影响多普勒模糊抑制性能。基于星载SAR系统回波特性雷达回波在多普勒带宽外的能量通常远小于多普勒带宽内能量,该文提出一种多通道HRWS SAR系统通道间相位偏差估计新方法。该方法假定多普勒带宽外的信号近似为零,将单星多通道HRWS SAR系统相位偏差估计问题转换为恒模二次规划问题,然后利用经典二次规划问题求解方法特征值松弛法(Eigen-Value Relaxation,EVR)及半正定松弛法(Semi-Definite Relaxation,SDR)求解该问题,获取HRWS SAR系统通道间的相位偏差估计值。理论分析结果表明,该文算法可视为一种自适应加权最小二乘相位偏差估计算法。多通道SAR仿真实验结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

一种单星方位多通道高分辨率宽测绘带SAR系统通道相位偏差时域估计新方法

方位多通道合成孔径雷达(SAR)可有效抑制多普勒模糊以实现高分辨率宽测绘带(High-Resolution Wide-Swath, HRWS)成像。通道间的幅相误差以及位置测量误差都将影响多普勒模糊抑制性能。通过分析单星方位多通道SAR系统的通道相位误差特性,该文提出一种基于回波数据的通道相位误差时域估计方法。该方法首先利用相邻通道间的回波数据进行干涉处理,其干涉相位包含回波多普勒中心信息以及相邻通道间的相位偏差信息。然后利用循环相消方法消除通道间相位偏差的影响,提取出原始回波的多普勒中心。最后,通过对去除多普勒中心分量后的通道间干涉相位进行积分,即可得到各通道相对于参考通道的相位误差。该文方法不仅可以有效地估计通道间的相对相位偏差,还可对原始回波的多普勒中心进行有效地估计。仿真实验验证了该文算法的有效性。     

改进的机载斜视SAR方位大孔径方法

由于机载SAR平台受气流颠簸的影响严重,处理机载SAR实测数据时需要采用方位大孔径方法来减小运动参数的变化。然而,当使用传统方位大孔径方法处理斜视SAR实测数据时会引起方位时域混叠现象,并最终影响成像质量。为了解决这个问题,本文首先建立了机载斜视SAR瞬时多普勒模型;在此基础上研究了子孔径方位频谱拓展及方位时域混叠现象,推导出子孔径单边拓展点数的计算公式;然后提出了改进的机载斜视SAR方位大孔径方法,避免了方位时域混叠现象的发生;最后,通过仿真和实测数据实验验证了所提算法的正确性。      

高分宽幅SAR系统下的方位多通道运动目标成像算法研究

在方位多通道SAR系统中,由于运动目标的回波特性和静止目标的不同,传统的重构滤波器组方法对运动目标的重建是无效的。该文提出一种方位多通道SAR运动目标信号重构方法。该方法首先分析了方位多通道SAR系统中运动目标回波特性,并与静止目标回波形式进行对比,给出了传统重构方法失效的主要原因;通过引入运动目标的径向速度参数,有效实现了匀速运动目标的频谱重构,较好地抑制了方位多通道SAR系统中匀速运动目标的方位模糊。星载仿真实验结果验证了该重构方法的有效性。     

一种基于谱分析与改进方位非线性变标的大斜视聚束成像算法

针对大斜视聚束SAR成像中方位频谱混叠,且距离向与方位向严重耦合的问题,该文提出一种利用谱分析(SPECtral ANalysis, SPECAN)解方位频谱混叠、距离向采用调频变标(Chirp Scaling, CS)、方位向采用改进非线性变标(Extended Non-linear Chirp Scaling, ENCS)的大斜视聚束成像算法,首先将回波信号走动校正,然后利用SPECAN消除方位频谱混叠。进行距离徙动校正(Range Cell Migration Correction, RCMC)之后,利用CS消除距离弯曲的空变性,方位向采用 ENCS 补偿沿方位向变化的多普勒调频率,从而有效地提高了方位向的聚焦深度。仿真结果和分析表明,该方法能够在较大斜视角的聚束SAR模式下得到聚焦良好的高分辨率场景。     

Multichannel distance filter

A nonlinear multichannel digital filter is presented in this correspondence. The output is a weighted sum of all samples in the filter window, with a single parameter controlling the filter nonlinearity. Although input data ordering is not required, performance can surpass the performance of other ordering-based multichannel filters     

Multichannel ARQ protocols

The performance of stop-and-wait, go-back-N, and selective-repeat ARQ protocols is examined for a multichannel system. The channels can either operate independently or jointly. For each protocol, the results obtained include throughput efficiency and delay. The results are also validated by computer simulations. The performance is compared to that of the single-channel system under the constraint of fixed total capacity. It is observed that the multichannel system has a chance to outperform the single-channel system     

Multichannel seismic deconvolution

Deals with Bayesian estimation of 2D stratified structures from echosounding signals. This problem is of interest in seismic exploration, but also for nondestructive testing or medical imaging. The proposed approach consists of a multichannel Bayesian deconvolution method of the 2D reflectivity based upon a theoretically sound prior stochastic model. The Markov-Bernoulli random field representation introduced by Idier et al. (1993) is used to model the geometric properties of the reflectivity, and emphasis is placed on representation of the amplitudes and on deconvolution algorithms. It is shown that the algorithmic structure and computational complexity of the proposed multichannel methods are similar to those of single-channel B-G deconvolution procedures, but that explicit modeling of the stratified structure results in significantly better performances. Simulation results and examples of real-data processing illustrate the performances and the practicality of the multichannel approach     

Multichannel ARMA processes

Parametric modeling of multichannel time series is accomplished by using higher (than second) order statistics (HOS) of the observed nonGaussian data. Cumulants of vector processes are defined using a Kronecker product formulation, and consistency of their sample estimators is addressed. Identifiability results in connection with the HOS-based parameter estimation of causal and noncausal multivariate ARMA processes are established. Estimates of the parameters of causal ARMA models are obtained as the solution to a set of linear equations, whereas those of noncausal ARMA models are obtained as the solution to a cumulant matching algorithm. Conventional approaches based on second-order statistics can identify a multichannel system only to within post multiplication by a unimodular matrix. HOS-based methods yield solutions that are unique to within post-multiplication by an (extended) permutation matrix; additionally, the multiminimum phase assumption can be relaxed, and the observations may be contaminated with colored Gaussian noise. Frequency-domain methods for nonparametric system identification are discussed briefly. Simulations results validating the multichannel parameter estimation algorithms are provided     

多信道模式可编程数传发送机

介绍一种有四个信道的数传发送机,其每个信道均可独立编程为不同的传输模式,因而可以同时连到几种使用不同规程的数传接收机上,也可以按ＮＲＺＩ或ＦＭ编码方式传输信号,从而实现信号的无极性传输。同时采用信号隔离技术,实现了与传输网络完全的电隔离。     

Microprocessor-Based Multichannel Transient Recorder

Data acquisition of fast time varying transient phenomena relevant to structural dynamics and aerodynamic wind tunnel testing pose a number of problems such as speed, retrieval of data for analysis, number of channels, etc. To overcome these limitations, a software-based high-speed Multichannel Transient Data Acquisition system has been designed and developed. This system is built around the Burr-Brown SDM-853 Module. The data are stored in 16-kbyte MOS RAM memory. The stored data are retrieved by a low-speed system clock through a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) onto an X-Y/t plotter for hard copy.     

Multichannel surface spark gaps

A study has been undertaken on high-pressure surface discharge switches potentially capable of moderate repetition rate operation. The parametric experiments reported were carried out utilizing the gaps as transfer switches, under pulse charging conditions, between several types of low-impedance transmission lines and a high-pressure rare-gas halide laser discharge, acting as the load. The effects of spark gap internal geometry, gas composition, and controlled changes in the laser load, upon gap multichanneling, closure simultaneity, and peak holdoff capability are discussed. These surface gaps, of length 66 cm, reliably close 19 channels per side (29 per meter) with a holdoff voltage greater than 120 kV and a closure simultaneity of ∼ 2 ns for the first 500 shots, increasing to ∼ 5 ns and remaining there for 10 000 shots, the test limit to date. Preliminary results at higher charging voltages have yielded intense multichanneling with holdoff voltages in excess of 210 kV.     

多通道简并的四波混频

使用脉冲调QNd:YAG倍频激光辐射,香豆素152染料二氯乙烷溶液作混频介质,研究了四通道简并的四波混频。各通道后向波转换效率为4％左右。