正交实验优化火龙果果皮红色素超声辅助醇提工艺

采用超声辅助乙醇浸提法提取火龙果果皮红色素,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对火龙果果皮红色素提取率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响主次顺序为料液比乙醇浓度提取时间提取温度,最佳工艺条件为:提取剂为30%乙醇,料液比1∶50(g/m L),超声时间30 min,提取温度40℃。采用此最佳工艺条件提取火龙果果皮色素提取率为0.071%。     

超声波辅助法提取红心火龙果果皮多糖的工艺优化

本研究以红心火龙果果皮为原料,以多糖提取率为评价指标,采用超声波辅助提取及大孔树脂脱色除蛋白工艺以优化火龙果果皮多糖的提取条件。结果显示,红心火龙果果皮多糖最佳提取工艺为:超声波功率80 W、运行时间25 min、料液比1︰12,最佳提取率为4.93%。其中,超声功率对多糖提取率的影响最显著,超声时间和料液比对多糖提取率的影响相当。     

超声辅助浸提苦荞茶中总黄酮的工艺研究

利用超声辅助乙醇浸提苦荞茶中的总黄酮,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响的主次顺序为:乙醇浓度>浸提时间>料液比>浸提温度;最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%,浸提温度50℃,料液比1∶30 g/m L,浸提时间50 min。在此最佳条件下,苦荞茶中总黄酮的提取率为1. 32%。     

马尾松松针黄酮恒温乙醇浸提工艺研究

采用乙醇浸提法提取马尾松松针黄酮类化合物,通过单因素实验和正交实验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对马尾松松针黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度55%,料液比1∶55 g/mL,提取时间60 min,提取温度70℃。各因素影响的主次为料液比>提取温度>乙醇浓度>提取时间。在最佳提取条件下,马尾松松针黄酮提取率为8.602%。     

正交实验法优化碧螺春茶叶中总黄酮提取工艺

用乙醇提取碧螺春茶叶中的总黄酮,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响主次顺序为乙醇浓度>提取温度>料液比>提取时间;最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度60%,提取温度60℃,料液比1∶40 g/m L,提取时间2.5 h。在此条件下,碧螺春茶叶中总黄酮提取率为15.7%。     

红旱莲总黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声温度对红旱莲总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明:影响红旱莲总黄酮提取率因素的主次关系是料液比>乙醇浓度>超声温度>超声时间,最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度90%、料液比1∶20、超声时间35min、超声温度70℃。通过与传统醇提法相比,超声波法提取时间缩短了3/4,而总黄酮提取量提高了30%。     

香薷黄酮的超声波辅助提取

以脱脂后的香薷油粕为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法提取香薷中的黄酮,分光光度法测定黄酮含量。分析溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度等因素对黄酮提取率的影响,采用正交实验优化提取条件。结果表明,香薷黄酮提取率的影响因素大小顺序为:料液比超声时间乙醇体积分数超声温度;最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30 g/mL,温度60℃,提取时间30 min;在此条件下黄酮的提取率为4.17%。     

超声辅助浸提苦荞茶中总黄酮的工艺研究

利用超声辅助乙醇浸提苦荞茶中的总黄酮,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间对总黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响的主次顺序为:乙醇浓度浸提时间料液比浸提温度;最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度70%,浸提温度50℃,料液比1∶30 g/m L,浸提时间50 min。在此最佳条件下,苦荞茶中总黄酮的提取率为1. 32%。     

超声波辅助提取枇杷叶中齐墩果酸工艺研究

以枇杷叶为原料,以齐墩果酸得率为指标,采用超声波辅助提取了枇杷叶中齐墩果酸.分别研究了乙醇浓度、料液比、超声时间、超声温度对齐墩果酸提取率的影响,通过正交实验优化了提取工艺.结果表明,齐墩果酸提取的最佳工艺条件是:乙醇浓度80%、料液比1:14、超声时间30min、超声温度60℃,在最佳条件下,齐墩果酸得率可达0.37...     

马尾松松针黄酮恒温乙醇浸提工艺研究

采用乙醇浸提法提取马尾松松针黄酮类化合物,通过单因素实验和正交实验考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对马尾松松针黄酮提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度55%,料液比1∶55 g/mL,提取时间60 min,提取温度70℃。各因素影响的主次为料液比提取温度乙醇浓度提取时间。在最佳提取条件下,马尾松松针黄酮提取率为8.602%。     

Using membrane-supported liquid-liquid extraction for the measurement of extraction kinetics

Membrane-supported liquid-liquid extraction uses artificial membranes for the generation of a phase interface between the two liquid phases involved in extraction. Additional equipment for the generation of droplets as well as phase separation afterwards is no longer necessary. Since the membranes used for this special type of extraction are quite well described concerning thickness, porosity, tortuosity and material it is possible to generate information about the diffusion coefficient of the component to be extracted within the preferred solvent from extraction trails easily. This article describes an experimental set-up for both the proof of principle of membrane-supported liquid-liquid extraction and, using a dedicated computer-aided data treatment, how to calculate the overall mass transfer coefficient as well as the diffusion coefficient for a given system within moderate testing duration.     

加压溶剂法提取雷公藤甲素及其条件优化

以雷公藤为原料,采用加压溶剂法提取雷公藤甲素,以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂,考察了提取时间、料液比和提取温度等因素对提取工艺的影响,并在单因素试验基础上,根据中心组合试验设计原理采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法进行工艺优化,得到提取过程优化的工艺条件为:料液比1:9.7,提取温度115℃,提取时间80min,雷公藤甲素的实际得率可达0.173‰,纯度为1.21%,与常规回流提取法相比优势明显。     

Mechanical extraction

The mechanical screw press was the principal means of extracting vegetable oilseeds in the United States from the 1930s through the 1940s and 1950s. Then the utilization of solvent extraction cut drastically into their use for full extraction, but created a great demand for screw presses for prepressing of high oil content seeds for solvent extraction. However, use of the screw press for full extraction has been increasing over the years in the less developed countries, and is the main modern machine utilized for some products such as palm fruit. Today ever larger and more efficient machines are being developed for full extraction and pre-pressing of vegetable oilseeds and fruits.     

亚临界水萃取技术在天然产物提取中的研究进展

较详细地介绍了亚临界水萃取技术的原理、设备、工艺流程、影响萃取效果的因素、在天然产物领域的应用及研究成果.指出了该技术存在的问题,并对其应用与发展前景进行了探讨.     

Comparison of membrane extraction with traditional extraction methods for biodiesel production

Three traditional methods for the refining step in biodiesel production were compared: (i) washing with distilled water; (ii) washing with acid (HCl); and (3) dissolving and extracting in a solvent (hexane or petroleum ether) and then washing with distilled water. Biodiesel with a high purity (97.5%) could be obtained by all three methods, but serious emulsification occurred during the refining processes, which led to high refining losses. A novel refining method was developed by using hollow fiber membrane extraction, and polysulfone was selected as the most suitable membrane. This process effectively avoided emulsification during refining and decreased the refining loss. The purity of the biodiesel obtained was about 99%; and other properties, such as density, kinematic viscosity, water content, and acid value, conformed to the standards.     

往复振动筛板萃取塔萃取机理研究进展

介绍了往复振动筛板萃取塔（RPEC）流体力学性能和传质性能研究现状。     

Solvent extraction of soybeans

The removal of edible oils from oilseeds was practiced by the Egyptians many centuries ago. Some of the developments leading to today’s worldwide extraction industry are discussed, and a brief history of the industry in the United States from 1940 to the present is included. The theory of solvent extraction is outlined in practical terms. Several types of solvent extraction and desolventizing systems are explained. Also, typical preparation and extraction processes for presscake, soybeans, and some high oil content seeds are illustrated. Some reasons for taking extra precautions in the preparation process and the desolventizing process when producing human edible soy protein products are explained. Energy conservation suggestions are included.     

Multistep extraction of coal

Unlike many natural and synthesized polymers, coal is a mixture of polyfunctional high-molecular-mass material. The usually observed limited extractability of coal is attributed to the disregard of various relatively strong intra- and intermolecular interactions and their co-operativity. Due to the polyfunctionality, ionic, charge-transfer and so-called π-π interactions are present, and their abundances are highly rank-dependent. Such relatively strong interactions are not completely solvated in a single step with any solvent. In this paper, multistep extraction was studied to solvate these interactions. Pyridine was mostly used after treatments to disrupt these interactions without breaking covalent bonds. Much larger pyridine extractability was obtained compared to a single step extraction. As solubilization or extraction is the first step to characterize coal, caution is advised against the limited extractability obtained by conventional procedures.     

Microprocesses of liquid extraction

The extraction mechanism has been considered and the crucial role of the dynamic interfacial layer has been noted. The microprocesses that take place in extraction systems and are associated with the Marangoni effect, the loss of hydrodynamic stability, partial dispersion, coalescence, flocculation, the Ostwald ripening of drops, chemical reactions, the emergence of a new phase, adsorption, coagulation, the formation of structures, and polymerization have been described. For LnCl₃–H₂O–diluent systems (heptane, toluene, tetrachloromethane), data on the shift in the boundaries of the observed transition region over time have been presented. The mechanism of the transfer of the substance in the transition region of the extraction system has been formulated.