Ni-Cu-P镀层和316L不锈钢在热盐酸溶液中的耐蚀性及机制

采用质量损失法研究了温度和浓度对化学镀Ni-Cu-P镀层和316L不锈钢在盐酸溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,在高温盐酸溶液中,Ni-Cu-P镀层的耐蚀性优于316L不锈钢,盐酸浓度对316L不锈钢腐蚀速率的影响大于Ni-Cu-P镀层,盐酸浓度由5％升高到20％,316L不锈钢和Ni-Cu-P镀层的腐蚀速率分别增大了2.7倍和0.6倍;在盐酸溶液中,Ni-Cu-P镀层发生均匀腐蚀,316L不锈钢发生选择性腐蚀,且温度和浓度越高,选择性腐蚀越严重.     

精对苯二甲酸装置腐蚀原因分析及防蚀对策

本文介绍了高温醋酸和高温含溴对苯二甲酸中典型不锈钢设备的腐蚀状况以及316L、317L、Mo5Cu、00Cr20Ni18Mo6CuN、00Cr20Ni18Mo6N 5种材料在上述两种介质中的腐蚀原因和减缓腐蚀所采取的对策。     

高温酸性溶液中316L不锈钢/Ni-Cu-P镀层的耐蚀性能

为了改善316L 不锈钢在高温酸性溶液中的耐蚀性,采用化学镀技术在316L 不锈钢表面沉积高铜高磷Ni?Cu?P 镀层。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和 X 射线衍射仪(XRD)对其结构进行分析,利用极化曲线、阻抗谱(EIS)及浸泡腐蚀试验对其在高温酸性溶液中的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明,Ni?Cu?P 镀层由铜含量分别为19.98%和39.17%(质量分数)两种类型的胞状组织组成;在高温酸性溶液中,这种新型Ni?Cu?P镀层可显著改善316L不锈钢的耐蚀性;镀态镀层的耐蚀性优于热处理态的;镀态镀层和经673 K热处理镀层的腐蚀机制是选择性腐蚀,而经773和873 K热处理镀层的腐蚀机制为点腐蚀。     

温度对14Cr12Ni3WMoV不锈钢在0.02 mol/LNaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

采用开路电位、动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱等电化学测试方法,并结合激光共聚焦显微镜和扫描电镜能谱面扫描表征手段,研究了温度对汽轮机末级叶片用钢14Cr12Ni3WMoV在0.02 mol/L NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明:随着温度的升高,14Cr12Ni3WMoV不锈钢腐蚀倾向和腐蚀速率均增大,点蚀敏感性增强,自修复能力减弱,材料耐蚀性下降;材料表面点蚀坑随着温度的升高沿径向的发展变快,而沿纵向的发展减缓;点蚀发生时,材料发生选择性溶解,其中Fe和Ni溶解较快,而Cr、W、Mo和V因溶解缓慢在腐蚀坑内发生富集,并且温度的变化对Cr、W、Mo和V的富集没有明显影响。     

不锈钢海水潮汐区16年腐蚀行为

在青岛、厦门和榆林3个试验站的潮汐区对5种不锈钢暴露16年，总结其腐蚀行为和规律。在潮汐区暴露的不锈钢受点蚀和缝隙腐蚀破坏。不锈钢在潮汐区暴露1至4年的点蚀速度较大，以后点蚀速度减慢。耐点蚀性能较好的不锈钢，耐缝隙腐蚀性能也较好。不锈钢在潮汐区的腐蚀随暴露地点的海水温度升高而加重。增加Cr含量、添加Mo能明显提高不锈钢在潮汐区的耐蚀性。Ni对提高的耐蚀性有效，但影响效果较小。海生物污损能引起不锈钢的局部腐蚀，它对不锈钢在潮汐区的腐蚀有显著影响。     

高温含杂质醋酸中00Cr20Ni25M04.5Cu不锈钢腐蚀分析

通过不同浓度甲酸－醋酸混合溶液中添加不同含量的氯离子,对00Cr20Ni25Mo4.5Cu不锈钢进行浸泡试验,分析了醋酸回收塔中段00Cr20Ni25Mo4.5Cu不锈钢的腐蚀原因以及控制腐蚀的条件。     

不锈钢及镍基合金在亚临界水环境中的腐蚀

研究了两种不锈钢和两种镍基合金在模拟超临界水法快速降解废旧塑料制品环境中的耐腐蚀性，采用SEM观察表面腐蚀形貌．实验结果表明，4种材料在320℃去离子纯水和0．1MOl／L的NaCl介质溶液中，经过96h暴露实验，均匀腐蚀增重率由高到底的顺序均分别为：304L，AL6XN，Inconel718，Alloy671．Cl-离子的出现显著加剧了304L和AL6XN的均匀腐蚀，且导致轻微点蚀；对两种镍基合金的均匀腐蚀影响较轻，但导致Inconel718发生明显点蚀，而Alloy671材料表现出良好的耐蚀性，用EDXS和XPS分析，发现Inconel718发生严重的Ni选择性溶解腐蚀，Alloy671表面的Cr2O3对材料起到了良好的保护作用．Alloy671可用作高压釜反应器的制造材料     

Ni-Cu-P和316L在含盐酸高温流体中冲蚀行为

用质量损失法系统研究Ni-Cu-P及316L不锈钢在含盐酸高温流体中的冲蚀行为。结果表明:Ni-Cu-P和316L在单向流(20%HCl溶液)和两相流(20%HCl溶液+20g/L黄砂)中的冲蚀速率均随流体温度的升高而增大;在353K单相流和两相流中,316L冲蚀速率均为Ni-Cu-P的10倍左右。盐酸浓度对Ni-Cu-P和316L冲蚀速率的影响较温度小。Ni-Cu-P在单向流和两相流中冲蚀机制分别为均匀腐蚀和均匀腐蚀+微切削。316L不锈钢在298K单相流和两相流中冲蚀机制分别为轻微选择性腐蚀和轻微选择性腐蚀+微切削,表面为富Cr钝化膜;而在323～353K,其冲蚀机制分别为选择性腐蚀和选择性腐蚀+微切削,表面为富Mo和Ni的钝化膜。     

温度对钢材在高硫高酸值原油中腐蚀行为的影响

采用高温高压釜研究了20钢、1Cr5Mo钢、304不锈钢和316L不锈钢在不同温度下在高硫高酸原油中的腐蚀行为。利用扫描电镜和能谱技术测试了腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌与产物膜的化学组成。结果表明:4种钢材在高温原油中的耐蚀性优劣为:316L不锈钢304不锈钢1Cr5Mo钢20钢;4种钢材的腐蚀速率总体上随温度的升高而增大,当温度大于200℃时,20钢和1Cr5Mo钢的腐蚀速率增加较快,而不锈钢在200℃以上时腐蚀速率随温度变化并不明显;钢材在200℃及以下的原油中主要为轻微的环烷酸腐蚀,当温度达到280℃附近时,硫开始参与反应,形成了环烷酸与活性硫协同腐蚀的环境,腐蚀速率较大。     

不锈钢及镍基合金在高温水中的腐蚀研究

为了开发超临界水氧化技术和超临界水电力技术,研究了五种不锈钢和一种镍基合金在192、292和392℃高温高压水中的耐腐蚀性。结果表明：在试验条件下,所有的合金都表现出某种程度的不稳定性,均匀腐蚀轻微,点蚀是主要的腐蚀形式。相比较而言,高合金不锈钢Sanicro28和镍基合金Ni825在该环境中表现出较好的耐蚀性。     

Corrosion behavior of nickel alloys in wet hydrofluoric acid

Wet hydrofluoric acid at concentrations below approximately 60% is highly corrosive to glass, reactive metals, carbon steel and stainless steels. Nickel alloys offer moderate corrosion resistance over a wide range of acid concentration and temperature. The corrosion behavior of eleven commercial alloys was quantified through laboratory testing. Variables that were studied included testing time, acid concentration, temperature, vapor and liquid phases and the presence of residual stresses. Results show that the corrosion rate of a Ni‐Cu and a Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐Cu alloy increased with the acid concentration and the temperature. However, both for increasing acid concentration and temperature, the corrosion rate of the Ni‐Cu alloy increased faster than the corrosion rate of the Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐Cu alloy, especially in the vapor phase. Even in unstressed coupons, nickel alloys showed internal penetration in presence of wet HF; the mode of this internal penetration varied from alloy to alloy. Considering all the studied variables that influence corrosion, the highest ranked material for wet HF service was a Ni‐Cr‐Mo‐Cu alloy.     

Die Oberflächenbehandlung von Schweißverbindungen hochkorrosionsbeständiger 6% Mo-Stähle und Nickel-Basis-Legierungen

Surface treatments of high alloy 6 Mo stainless steel and nickel alloy weldments High alloy stainless steels (6% Mo) and a high nickel alloy (alloy 625) weldment have been tested in order to answer the question whether post-treatment of the weldment has an effect on the corrosion resistance, especially on pitting corrosion. Therefore, the critical pitting temperature of weldments was tested in acidic chloride solution (standard tests). As a result grinding with rough emery paper as well as sand blasting lowers the localized corrosion resistance in the weldment area, while pickling has a positive effect, especially after blasting. Pickling can be done either by a solution of nitric + hydrofluoric acid or by a commercial pickling paste. In any event pickling is recommended as a final surface treatment for high alloy stainless steels and nickel alloys, especially in case of prevailing highly corrosive conditions such as pitting and crevice corrosion.     

0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al钢与铝合金和钛台金接触腐蚀与防护研究

通过测定0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al钢与铝合金（LY12）和钛合金（TC4）组成的电偶对的电偶电流的方法,研究了0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al钢在使用中与铝合金和钛合金接触时发生电偶腐蚀的敏感性。研究结果表明:0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al钢与铝合金接触时会产生严重的电偶腐蚀,必须进行防护处理方可使用;与钛合金接触时产生的电偶腐蚀很轻微,可以不进行防护。0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al钢表面进行镀镉钛防护后,与铝合金接触时的电偶电流密度大为减小,相差近10倍;采用环氧锌黄底漆、XM-33-4双组分密封胶防护可以有效地防止0Cr13Ni8Mo2Al钢与铝合金和钛合金接触产生的电偶腐蚀。     

电沉积Ni-P合金镀层在酸性介质中耐蚀性能的研究

研究了Ni-P合金镀层在盐酸、硫酸、硝酸三种介质中的耐蚀性能。通过浸泡实验,得出不同磷含量镀层的腐蚀数据,同时还与纯镍镀层、1Gr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了比较。对腐蚀后镀层表面纯化膜成分的AES分析表明,Ni-P合金镀层的耐蚀机理与表面磷化钝化膜的生成及溶解有关。     

利用双层辉光等离子技术进行镍基耐蚀合金表面合金化的研究

研究了在 2 0钢和不锈钢基材上 ,利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术进行Ni Cr Mo Cu多元共渗表面合金化 ,采用电化学方法对两种基材表面形成的渗层在 5 %HCl中的腐蚀性能进行了测定。结果表明 :在两种基材上都能得到类似于源极HastelloyC - 2 0 0 0合金的表面合金渗层 ,在不锈钢表面上形成的渗层的耐蚀性能接近HastelloyC - 2 0 0 0合金并且优于Alloy 5 9合金 ,在 2 0钢表面上形成的渗层耐蚀性能优于不锈钢Cr18Ni9     

Ein neuer hochlegierter Nickel-Chrom-Molybdän-Stahl für den Chemie-Apparatebau

A new high-alloyed nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel for the chemical process industry A new austenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (Nicrofer 3127 hMo/VDM alloy 31) is combining the advantages of highchromium alloyed materials, i.e. an excellent resistance to corrosive attack by oxidizing media, with a molybdenum content of more than 6%. The nickel content is comparatively low. This way, it was possible to create a highly corrosion resistant material in using only small amounts of expensive alloying elements. The new material exhibits an excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in neutral and acid aqueous solutions which makes it superior to the known 6% Mo stainless steels and nickel-base alloys like G-3. Therefore, it lends itself to applications as e.g. flue gas desulfurization, concentrating of diluted acid, pulp & paper, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and hot seawater as a promising new material for the future. The new alloy is readily weldable.     

Improvement of corrosion resistance of high-velocity oxyfuel-sprayed stainless steel coatings by addition of molybdenum

To improve the marine corrosion resistance of stainless steel coatings fabricated by high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spraying with a gas shroud attachment, the molybdenum (Mo) content of stainless steel was increased to form coatings with a chemical composition of Fe balance-18mass%Cr-22mass%Ni-2∼8mass%Mo. These coatings were highly dense, with <0.1 vol.% in porosity, and less oxidized, with 0.5 mass% in oxygen content at most. The corrosion mechanism and resistance of the coatings were investigated by electrochemical measurement, chemical analysis, and statistical processing. The general corrosion resistance of the coatings in 0.5 mol/dm³ sulfuric acid was improved with increases in Mo content, and the corrosion rate could be decreased to 8.8 × 10⁻² mg/cm² per hour (∼1 mm/year) at 8 mass% Mo. The pitting corrosion resistance of the coatings in artificial seawater was improved with increases in Mo content and was superior to that of the 316L stainless steel coating. The crevice corrosion resistance of the coatings in artificial seawater was improved and the number of rust spots at 4 mass% Mo was decreased to 38% of that for the 316L coating. Accordingly, Mo is highly effective in improving the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel coatings by HVOF spraying.     

Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2块体非晶合金在HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学极化曲线和电化学阻抗(EIS)测试方法研究Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2块体非晶合金在0.5,1,2以及4 mol/L HCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,并比较了1 mol/L HCl溶液中非晶合金和不锈钢的腐蚀行为.极化曲线测试结果表明,Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2块体非晶合金在各种浓度的HCl溶液中都具有很好的耐蚀性,阳极极化曲线表现出明显的钝化特征.随着HCl溶液浓度的增大,其耐蚀性能逐渐下降.在1 mol/L HCl溶液中,非晶合金的自腐蚀电位高于不锈钢,自腐蚀电流密度比不锈钢小1个数量级.EIS结果显示,在开路电位下,Fe_(41)Co_7Cr_(15)Mo_(14)C_(15)B_6Y_2非晶合金和不锈钢的Nyquist图均由单一的容抗弧构成,但非晶合金的电化学转移电阻Rt比不锈钢的大2个数量级,这一结果与极化曲线结果一致,说明非晶合金在HCl溶液中的耐蚀性能优于不锈钢.     

常减压装置常用钢材在高温原油馏分中的腐蚀研究

利用高压釜模拟常减压装置中的腐蚀环境,采用腐蚀失重法并结合SEM,研究了4种常减压装置常用钢材在高温原油馏分中的腐蚀行为,分析了馏分、材质、温度的影响规律。结果表明,原油馏分的酸值、S含量和盐含量越高,对20钢腐蚀性越强,3种原油馏分对20钢的腐蚀性强弱为：脱盐后原油＞常二线馏分＞常一线馏分。提高钢材中Cr,Ni和Mo等合金元素的含量有助于提高其抗腐蚀能力,4种钢材在高温原油馏分中的抗腐蚀性能优劣为：316钢＞304钢＞1Cr5Mo钢＞20钢。温度对钢材在高温原油馏分中的腐蚀行为会产生多方面的影响,腐蚀速率总体上随着温度的升高而增大,某些温度范围内可能出现腐蚀速率极值。     

Effect of alloy element contents on caustic stress corrosion cracking of several stainless steels

The stress corrosion cracking behavior in caustic solutions (200 g/l sodium hydroxide, 10 g/l sodium chloride) of three austenitic (18Cr-10Ni-2.5Mo, 20Cr-25Ni-4.5Mo, 27Cr-31Ni-3.5Mo) and three duplex (23Cr-4Ni, 22Cr-5Ni-3Mo, 25Cr-7Ni-4Mo-N) stainless steels was examined. U-bend and Slow Strain Rate (SSR) tests were performed at 200–250°C. The negative influence of nickel in the lower range content for the 18Cr-10Ni-2.5Mo and 20Cr-25Ni-4.5Mo has been shown; when the nickel content is significantly increased (>30%), as in the case of the steel 27Cr-31Ni-3.5Mo, an increase of SCC resistance has been detected. The negative effect of molybdenum, mainly on the behaviour of duplex stainless steels, has also been evidenced. The duplex stainless steels show better caustic SCC resistance than austenitic stainless steels type 18Cr-10Ni-2.5Mo and 20Cr-25Ni-4.5Mo. The best behaviour has been found for the less-alloyed steel 23Cr-4Ni.