TiN、CrN的环境摩擦磨损对比研究

采用直流叠加脉冲偏压电弧离子镀技术在45钢表面沉积了TiN、CrN薄膜。用显微硬度计测试了薄膜的硬度,用划痕仪测量了薄膜的膜基结合力,用球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机评价了不同介质条件下（干摩擦、水润滑、油润滑）TiN、CrN薄膜的摩擦学特性,用表面轮廓仪测试了薄膜磨痕处的磨损轮廓,用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了薄膜磨痕形貌。结果表明,相对于干摩擦条件下,在水润滑和油润滑条件下TiN和CrN薄膜的摩擦因数和磨痕深度都有所降低。在相同的介质条件下,CrN薄膜的摩擦因数和磨痕深度始终小于TiN薄膜。     

润滑条件对黄豆/不锈钢摩擦副摩擦学行为的影响

食品机械加工中的摩擦磨损直接影响着食品安全问题。选用黄豆与316L不锈钢进行配副,采用滑动摩擦磨损试验机,研究干摩擦和水润滑条件对其摩擦学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、光学三维形貌仪和红外光谱仪对试样的表面形貌、粗糙度和磨损表面成分进行了分析。结果表明：干摩擦条件下,黄豆/316L不锈钢摩擦副的平均摩擦因数波动较小,约为0.24,水润滑条件下其平均摩擦因数达到干摩擦条件下的4.4倍左右,且在摩擦过程中存在反复波动;与干摩擦相比,水润滑条件下不锈钢试样表面的磨痕宽度提高约10%,而黄豆试样表面的磨痕宽度的增加幅度约高达160%;水润滑摩擦过程中不锈钢磨痕表面产生更多黄豆分解的有机物,其磨痕表面的犁沟数量和深度均显著减少,黄豆试样磨痕表面基本没有犁沟;干摩擦条件下黄豆/不锈钢的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,而水润滑条件下,黏着磨损显著增加。     

海水润滑赛龙材料磨损机制分析

试验研究海水润滑条件下赛龙材料的摩擦磨损性能,借助表面形貌仪、扫描电镜分析磨痕表面形貌,分析海水润滑条件下赛龙材料的磨损机制,并与干摩擦、湿润滑条件下的磨损机制进行比较。结果表明:干摩擦条件下表现为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损特征;湿润滑条件下磨损表现为微切削(磨粒磨损);海水润滑条件下的磨损中有气蚀磨损、磨粒磨损共同存在。     

不同润滑条件下氧化铝陶瓷衬板的磨损机制

在干摩擦、水润滑、油润滑3种不同润滑条件下对氧化铝陶瓷进行摩擦磨损试验。利用SEM对磨损后的磨痕进行观察并进行显微组织结构分析,探讨不同介质下氧化铝陶瓷的磨损机制。结果表明:氧化铝陶瓷材料干摩擦条件下的磨损机制为大量的脆性剥落和大量的磨粒磨损,在水润滑条件下为较少的脆性剥落和轻微的磨粒磨损,在油润滑条件下为很少的脆性剥落和极微的磨粒磨损;液体润滑剂可使氧化铝陶瓷材料的磨损量大幅度降低,其中油润滑条件的减磨效果最为突出。     

碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料与不同铝合金配副的摩擦磨损性能

将碳纤维增强聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料分别与4032铝合金和阳极氧化4032铝合金组成摩擦副,在干摩擦和油润滑条件下进行摩擦磨损试验,对摩擦因数、磨痕宽度及磨损形貌进行了研究。结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,复合材料与铝合金配副时,产生了严重的磨粒磨损,复合材料的磨痕宽度较大;复合材料与阳极氧化铝合金配副时,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损,并伴随着轻微的磨粒磨损,复合材料的耐磨性能有所改善;在油润滑条件下,随着碳纤维含量增加,复合材料在与铝合金和阳极氧化铝合金配副时的磨痕宽度均下降,磨损过程未出现磨粒磨损。     

滑动表面仿生微结构的摩擦学效应

主要阐述在3种不同摩擦条件下(干摩擦、油润滑、水润滑),仿生表面微结构的形状、尺寸和分布密度对滑动表面摩擦学效应的影响.在干摩擦条件下,滑动表面仿生微结构能够将磨屑存储起来,排除了磨屑在滑动表面上的聚集,改善了摩擦学性能.而在油和水润滑条件下,仿生微结构能产生液体动压润滑薄膜和微型动压润滑室,导致承载能力增强和摩擦因数降低.因此,仿生表面微结构能显著地降低摩擦因数,提高滑动表面抗磨损的能力.     

盐浴软氮化42CrMo的摩擦学性能分析

对42CrMo进行盐浴软氮化处理,分析盐浴软氮化处理对42CrMo试样硬度的影响,研究不同润滑条件下42CrMo试样的摩擦学性能,分析其摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:盐浴软氮化处理过的42CrMo的平均硬度为HV747.33,约是未处理基体的(HV310)的2.5倍;在其他条件相同时,随载荷的增加,干摩擦条件下42CrMo的摩擦因数先增加后减小,边界润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦因数不断增加;42CrMo在干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数、表面磨痕深度和磨损量均要明显高于边界润滑和油润滑条件下;在干摩擦条件下42CrMo的磨损机制为严重的黏着磨损和塑性变形,边界润滑条件下42CrMo表面磨损减缓,有轻微犁沟;油润滑条件下42CrMo表面为磨粒磨损,无明显变形。     

双疏铝合金表面的水/油润滑摩擦学性能

利用激光加工在5083船用铝合金表面构建间距为100μm的点阵和网格微结构,将Si O2纳米粒子涂覆在微结构上构建微纳结构,制备出双疏铝合金表面。采用接触角测量仪测量其表面接触角和滚动角,采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机探讨其在水润滑和油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,网格表面的超疏水/疏油性能比点阵表面更强,水接触角达到159.9o,对十六烷的接触角达到147.0o。随表面疏水和疏油性能的提高,摩擦因数减小,磨痕深度变浅,宽度变窄。油润滑条件下的摩擦因数显著小于水润滑条件下的,且波动性更小,磨痕也更浅更窄。水润滑条件下,点阵表面的摩擦因数大于网格表面;而油润滑条件下,点阵表面的摩擦因数小于网格表面。     

添加聚四氟乙烯微粉后聚醚醚酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用常温机械共混+高温模压方法制备了添加不同含量聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉聚醚醚酮复合材料,研究了其力学性能、摩擦磨损性能及磨损形貌,并探讨了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:随PTFE微粉含量的增加,复合材料的洛氏硬度和压缩强度均降低,干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数减小,体积磨损量先降后升,当PTFE微粉质量分数5%时,体积磨损量最低;在油润滑和水润滑条件下复合材料的摩擦因数和体积磨损量均小于干摩擦条件下的,且随PTFE微粉含量的增加,油润滑条件下的体积磨损量下降,而水润滑条件下的增大;在干摩擦条件下复合材料的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,并伴有疲劳磨损,在油润滑条件下复合材料表面存在少量片状PTFE磨屑和碳纤维富集,在水润滑条件下复合材料表面被PTFE微片层覆盖,局部存在微裂纹和孔洞。     

油-气润滑对点接触副滑动摩擦行为的影响

在MFT-3000型多功能摩擦磨损试验机上,以球/盘模型为考察对象开展油-气润滑点接触副滑动摩擦试验,并与相同工况下滴油润滑和干摩擦试验进行对比。利用白光干涉形貌仪、扫描电镜、X射线能量色散谱(EDS)和铁谱分析设备对磨痕轮廓、表面形貌、化学元素组成以及磨粒形状进行表征、分析。结果表明:在油-气润滑工况下,当供油量不足时,随供油量增加,摩擦因数、磨损量和磨痕参数等均出现明显减小趋势,但润滑性能较滴油润滑差;当摩擦副间润滑油充足,且供气速度达到一定值时,与滴油润滑相比,油-气润滑能够获得更低的摩擦因数,但磨痕形貌变化较轻微;在较低的滑动速度和载荷下,油-气润滑点接触滑动摩擦不会发生氧化磨损,油-气润滑散热功效对摩擦行为无明显影响,与滴油润滑以及干摩擦下磨损机制相同,均为磨粒磨损,摩擦过程中产生的磨屑形状以碎屑状和片状为主,伴随着少数长条状。     

类金刚石薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性研究进展

综述类金刚石薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性的研究进展,评述薄膜在水环境中的摩擦磨损特性,分析薄膜种类、元素掺杂、对摩材料以及微结构对DLC薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性的影响,并阐述DLC薄膜在水中的摩擦磨损机制。指出:DLC薄膜水润滑摩擦学特性受薄膜制备参数和摩擦试验环境影响,通过与微结构的耦合可以进一步改善类金刚石薄膜的摩擦学特性。同时还展望了类金刚石薄膜水润滑摩擦学未来研究方向。     

DLC薄膜的表面形貌及其摩擦学性能研究

以真空蒸发碳离子束辅助镀膜法制备了DLC薄膜，通过原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了该薄膜的表面形貌，对该薄膜的表面形貌对其摩擦学行为的影响进行了研究。研究发现：用真空蒸发碳离子束辅助镀膜的方法制备的类金刚石薄膜表面光滑，颗粒均匀，粒度小，摩擦因数降低；DLC薄膜比弹簧钢片及Ti6Al4V球基体耐磨；DLC薄膜的摩擦学性能在摩擦过程中会进一步改善。     

PDDA/PSS分子沉积膜的摩擦学行为研究

以聚对苯乙烯磺酸钠为聚阴离子,聚二烯丙基二甲基胺盐酸盐为聚阳离子在基底上交替沉积制备分子沉积膜。用紫外-可见吸收光谱仪、接触角测量仪、原子力显微镜对所制备的有序薄膜进行了表征。用UMT-2摩擦仪考察了超薄膜的摩擦学行为,结果表明,所制备的超薄膜具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,薄膜的表面电荷及亲水、疏水性对其摩擦学行为有较大影响,负电荷表面、亲水性强的表面在较高湿度下,耐磨寿命较长。     

The Effect of FeS Solid Lubricant on the Tribological Properties of Bearing Steel under Grease Lubrication

In order to improve the tribological properties of 52100 steel under grease lubrication, FeS solid lubricant was used in two ways. Low-temperature ion-sulfurization technology was utilized to prepare solid lubricant iron sulfide (FeS) films on the surface of 52100 steel, and FeS particles were mixed into the lithium grease as additive. The friction and wear properties were examined systematically on a “ball-on-disc” testing machine. The results showed that the tribological properties of bearing steel under grease lubrication can be improved either by using ion-sulfurization technique or by adding FeS microparticles into the grease. The tribological performance of sulfurized surface lubricated by grease is better than that of a plain surface lubricated by grease containing FeS microparticles at lower load and speed. The plain surface lubricated by the grease containing FeS micropaticles possesses better antiwear property under harsher conditions. The mechanism of the experimental results is discussed in detail.     

Ag掺杂对TiO2纳米薄膜结构及摩擦学性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法在普通载玻片上制备了TiO2和Ag/TiO2纳米结构薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)及UMT-2摩擦试验机,考察了Ag掺杂量对薄膜组成结构、表面形貌及摩擦学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ag掺杂量对TiO2薄膜表面形貌和减摩抗磨性能产生重要影响,低掺杂时Ag自润滑性能对薄膜摩擦性能的增强作用占主导,而高掺杂时其对薄膜的影响主要表现为恶化表面,从而导致摩擦性能下降。本研究测试条件下,掺杂量为5.0%(摩尔分数)时具有最佳的耐磨寿命和最低的摩擦因数。     

电弧喷涂7Cr13涂层的组织结构及摩擦学机理

研究了φ2mm粉芯丝材电弧喷涂7Cr13涂层的摩擦学性能，并借助X光电子能谱，X射线衍射分析，扫描电子显微镜等表面分析技术研究了其作用机理，结果表明，电弧喷涂7Cr13涂层具有较优的抗磨减摩性能，其磨损机制主要是磨料磨损和分层磨损，与GCr15试环对摩时，试环表面形成了主要含Cr2O3的转移膜。     

工艺条件对类金刚石薄膜在不同介质环境下摩擦学性能的影响研究

考察了基底负偏压对类金刚石薄膜(DLC)在无水和有水环境下摩擦性能的影响。利用电子回旋共振等离子体化学气相方法沉积制备DLC薄膜,利用激光拉曼(Raman)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和纳米硬度计表征了其结构特征,用UMT型多功能摩擦磨损实验机考察了其摩擦性能,并用光学显微镜分析了磨痕特征。结果表明:随着基底偏压的增加,表面粗糙度减小;在无水条件下,基底偏压较低的DLC薄膜摩擦因数较高,并存在一定的波动性,基底偏压较高时,摩擦因数较低。在有水条件下,基底偏压对摩擦因数影响不大。总体来说,加水后薄膜磨损较为严重。     

Tribological Performance of Diamond and Diamondlike Carbon Films at Elevated Temperatures

In this study, the authors investigated the tribological performance of diamond and diamondlike carbon (DLC) films as a function of temperature. Both films were deposited on silicon carbide (SiC) by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and ion-beam deposition processes. Tribological tests were performed on a reciprocating wear machine in open air (20 to 30% relative humidity) and under a 10 N load using SiC pins. For the test conditions explored, the steady-state friction coefficients of test pairs without a diamond or DLC film were 0.7 to 0.9 and the average wear rates of pins were 10^?5 to 10^?7 mm³/N·m, depending on ambient temperature. DLC films reduced the steady-slate friction coefficients of the test pairs by factors of three to five and the wear rates of pins by two to three orders of magnitude. Low friction coefficients were also obtained with the diamond films, but wear rates of the counterface pins were high due to the very abrasive nature of these films. The wear of SiC disks coated with either diamond or DLC films was virtually unmeasurable while the wear of uncoated disks was substantial. Test results showed that the DLC films could afford low friction up to about 300° C. At higher temperatures, the DLC films graphitized and were removed from the surface. The diamond films could withstand much higher tempera-lures, but their tribological behavior degraded. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to elucidate the friction and wear mechanisms of both films at high temperatures.     

The Effect of Topography on Water Wetting and Micro/Nano Tribological Characteristics of Polymeric Surfaces

The effect of surface topography on the water-wetting nature and micro/nano tribological characteristics of polymer surfaces was experimentally studied. A plasma-treated thin polymer film and ion-beam-treated PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) were used as flat specimens. Thin polymer films were deposited on Si-wafer (100) by the parallel-plate plasma technique. The ion-beam-roughening treatment was performed to change the PTFE surface topography using a hollow cathode ion gun under different argon-ion dose conditions in a vacuum chamber. Micro and nano tribological characteristics, water-wetting angles and roughness were measured with a micro-tribotester, SPM (scanning probe microscope), contact anglemeter and profilometer, respectively. The plasma-treated thin polymer film and ion-beam-treated PTFE surfaces were rendered increasingly hydrophobic as a function of the treatment time. The wetting characteristics were strongly dependent on the micro-roughness and the sharpness of the asperities. The tribological characteristics on the nano-scale showed different results from those on the micro-scale. It was noted that the contact-size ratio, especially the ratio of the tip or ball to the average surface roughness at a standard cut-off length, should be considered for evaluating the micro- and nano-scale tribological test results.     

Fabrication and Tribological Study of Graphene Oxide/Multiply-Alkylated Cyclopentanes Multilayer Lubrication Films on Si Substrates

Multilayer films based on graphene oxide (GO) and multiply-alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) have been fabricated successfully on silicon substrate via both self-assembled and dip-coating technologies. Given the excellent mechanical properties and frictional properties of GO, the resulting multilayer films composed of GO and MACs with excellent lubricating property are expected to possess improved comprehensive tribological performances. In the current paper, the surface morphology and chemical composition of the films were analyzed using water contact angle meter, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and atomic force microscope. A ball-on-plate tribometer was used to evaluate the tribological performances of the films. The results showed that the new multilayer films exhibited excellent load-carrying capacity and durability. Therefore, they are hoped to find promising applications in the lubrication of microelectromechanical systems.