五级旋风预热器冷模单体流场数值研究

采用雷诺应力(RSM)湍流模型对五级旋风预热器冷模单体流场进行了数值模拟，并同冷模测试结果进行了比较，取得了较好的吻合性。涡壳采用完全非结构网格，锥筒采用结构网格，有限体积法化湍流运动方程为差分方程．差分格式采用一阶迎风，压力速度耦合采用经典的SIMPLE算法数值求解湍流运动方程组，并在求解过程中采用网格自适应技术。通过对模拟结果分析，得到了旋风筒流场的基本特征。     

壁面扰流影响边界层湍流拟序结构及强化传热机理的研究

从涡流发生器对湍流边界层拟序结构影响的角度来研究强化传热机理．利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT6.3对流体在放置斜截半椭圆柱式涡流发生器矩形槽道内的流动与传热特性进行大涡模拟（LES）,得出流场中速度、涡量、温度与压力参数的瞬态变化特性,并对新型涡流发生器的特性及其对湍流拟序结构的影响进行了分析,得知拟序结构的控制对强化传热起着重要的作用．通过研究拟序结构对流场及温度场的影响,揭示了强化传热的机理,进而为寻求适合的壁面扰流元形式和结构参数,为实现传热强化和流动减阻打下基础．     

Re=3 900圆柱绕流的三维大涡模拟

为研究亚临界雷诺数范围内圆柱绕流流场特性及三维大涡模拟方法的适用性,基于C++语言及有限体积法开发了三维非结构化网格的大涡模拟计算程序.采用新的高稳定性高精度二阶离散格式,及Smagorinsky亚格子模型对Re=3 900均匀来流条件下的圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟,并统计获得了平均流场参数及湍流流场的详细结构特性.结果表明:采用本文的网格、计算步长和高稳定性二阶离散精度大涡模拟方法计算所得的湍流场一阶统计特性和二阶统计特性与实验值吻合很好.验证了大涡模拟程序在模拟亚临界雷诺数下圆柱绕流流场平均值及脉动值的合理性.     

壁面扰流影响边界层湍流拟序结构及强化传热机理的研究

从涡流发生器对湍流边界层拟序结构影响的角度来研究强化传热机理.利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT6.3对流体在放置斜截半椭圆柱式涡流发生器矩形槽道内的流动与传热特性进行大涡模拟(LES),得出流场中速度、涡量、温度与压力参数的瞬态变化特性,并对新型涡流发生器的特性及其对湍流拟序结构的影响进行了分析,得知拟序结构的控制对强化传热起着重要的作用.通过研究拟序结构对流场及温度场的影响,揭示了强化传热的机理,进而为寻求适合的壁面扰流元形式和结构参数,为实现传热强化和流动减阻打下基础.     

大涡模拟气固两相三维湍流射流

为了研究三维矩形射流中拟序结构的空间演化和颗粒扩散特征，建立了气固两相矩形射流流场内气体、颗粒两相运动的大涡模拟数学模型，并在此基础上完成了对流动雷诺数等于11 500的气固两相射流的数值模拟.采用亚网格应力模型模拟气相场,并用Lagrangian方法跟踪了颗粒相运动.模拟结果显示了流场流向涡拟序结构随时间发展的演变过程，同时给出了气流相三维拟序结构作用下微细颗粒在整个流场空间中的运动扩散特性.     

Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型在弧形翼超音速流场数值模拟中的应用

利用spalan-Allmaras湍流模型对三角翼一身组合体绕流流场进行数值模拟,并与国外风洞试验数据进行比较,验证了此湍流模型在超音速复杂流动计算中的有效性．同时采用基于密度的隐式求解器,数值离散格式采用二阶迎风格式,对十字形布置的4片弧形尾翼弹超音速流场进行了数值模拟．数值模拟结果给出了弧形翼附近的流场结构,并对弧形翼凹凸表面的压力分布做了详细分析,得出了弧形翼在零攻角下产生升力的机理．     

展向行波电磁力控制下的槽道湍流雷诺应力

为研究槽道湍流的电磁力减阻控制问题,采用直接数值模拟(DNS)方法对槽道湍流的展向行波电磁力控制问题进行数值研究.讨论了由展向行波诱导的诱导流场对槽道湍流流场的调制过程,分析了控制前后雷诺应力离散点分布、平均雷诺应力分布以及雷诺应力波谱分布的规律.研究表明,在合适参数条件控制下,展向行波电磁力的控制不仅使近壁条带结构基本消失,形成加宽的低速条带,而且能使控制后的流场中涡结构几乎消失,而仅剩下由展向行波电磁力诱导产生的带状负涡结构,同时展向行波电磁力在一定程度上抑制了湍流的脉动,减小了雷诺应力,最终使壁面阻力下降.     

燃气涡轮带肋冷却通道流动与换热的大涡模拟

为研究涡轮内部扰流肋结构的流动和传热机理,分别采用雷诺平均(RANS)方法和大涡模拟(LES)方法对肋通道周期性计算域和全尺寸计算域进行数值研究;结合实验数据,对比分析雷诺平均方法和大涡模拟在流动和换热方面的准确性.结果表明:大涡模拟捕捉到了肋顶扁平涡结构的产生与脱落过程,该旋涡在近似肋顶面的高度和下游空间内发展并掺混,强度逐渐衰减,该过程与湍流强度的分布规律一致;获得了肋前分离流动中向侧壁面偏转的横向二次流等更加详细的流场结构,更加真实地反映了流场的特性;在流动预测方面,大涡模拟更加准确地预测到了平均速度分布和脉动量湍动能的分布规律;在换热方面,大涡模拟方法对换热增强系数的预测误差比雷诺平均方法要小.     

矩形方腔湍流自然对流数值模拟研究

利用Lam—Bremhorst低雷诺数湍流模型,对流项差分格式采用QUICK格式,结合非稳态计算方法,对矩形方腔自然对流问题进行了数值模拟研完。计算结果表明：随着时间的推进,流场逐渐稳定,最后趋于定常;将最终稳定的速度场与实验和大涡模拟结果进行比较,发现数值模拟能准确地预测出速度场、温度场以及湍动能场。     

旋风分离器流场的数值计算方法研究

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,分别采用k-ε标准模型、RNGk-ε模型和RSM模型湍流模型及不同离散方式对旋风分离器的流场进行了数值模拟研究.通过模拟结果与前人实测结果的对比,确定出了适合旋风分离器的数值计算方法.结果表明:湍流模型采用各向异性的RSM模型,离散方式采用对流项的QUICK格式和压力梯度项的PRESTO格式,才能获得合理的流场模拟结果.该结论为旋风分离器流场的数值模拟及进一步的结构优化设计提供了参考依据.     

Large eddy simulation of unconfined turbulent swirling flow

Large eddy simulations(LES) were performed to study the non-reacting flow fields of a Cambridge swirl burner. The dynamic Smagorinsky eddy viscosity model is used as the sub-grid scale turbulence model. Comparisons of experimental data show that the LES results are capable of predicting mean and root-mean-square velocity profiles. The LES results show that the annular swirling flow has a minor impact on the formation of the bluff-body recirculation zone. The vortex structures near the shear layers, visualized by the iso-surface of Q-criterion, display ring structures in non-swirling flow and helical structures in swirling flow near the burner exit. Spectral analysis was employed to predict the occurrence of flow oscillations induced by vortex shedding and precessing vortex core(PVC). In order to extract accurately the unsteady large-scale structures in swirling flow, a three-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) method was developed to reconstruct turbulent fluctuating velocity fields. POD analysis reveals that flow fields contain co-existing helical and toroidal shaped coherent structures. The helical structure associated with the PVC is the most energetic dynamic flow structure. The latter toroidal structure associated with vortex shedding has lower energy content which indicates that it is a secondary structure.     

直喷汽油机燃料与空气混合过程的大涡模拟

为了更为详实地对内燃机缸内流场进行数值计算,通过修改发动机多维CFD计算程序KIVA 3V,建立了内燃机缸内冷态流场的大涡模拟（LES）计算模型.利用此模型对直喷汽油机燃料与空气的混合过程进行了详细分析,并与k-ε模型进行了比较.比较结果表明,在喷油过程中,与采用k-ε模型计算相比,采用LES计算时油束燃油质量分数更为均匀;喷油结束后,与采用k-ε模型计算相比,采用LES计算时缸内流场显示了更为复杂的湍流结构,除了能得到有序的大尺度涡团结构外,还能捕捉到大量不规则的小涡团结构,同时油束形状也更为扭曲、拉伸及不规则化.     

基于LES模型的水轮机三维非稳定湍流及压力脉动数值模拟

本文基于N—S方程和大涡模拟（LES）模型，采用贴体坐标和四面体网格系统和SIMPLE算法，较准确地对混流式水轮机内部三维非稳定湍流流动及其尾水管内的旋涡压力脉动进行了数值模拟。     

A hybrid RANS/LES model for simulating time-dependent cloud cavitating flow around a NACA66 hydrofoil

Cloud cavitating flow is highly turbulent and dominated by coherent large-scale anisotropic vortical structures. For the numerical investigation of such a class of flow, large eddy simulation(LES) is a reliable method but it is computationally extremely costly in engineering applications. An efficient approach to reduce the computational cost is to combine Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes(RANS) equations with LES used only in the parts of interest, such as massively separated flow regions. A new hybrid RANS/LES model, the modified filter-based method(FBM), is proposed in the present study which can perform RANS or LES depending on the numerical resolution. Compared to the original FBM, the new method has three modifications: the state-of-the-art shear stress transport(SST) model replaces the k-? model as a baseline RANS model. A shielding function is introduced to obviate the switch from RANS to LES occurring inside the boundary layer. An appropriate threshold controlling the switch from RANS to LES is added to achieve an optimal predictive accuracy. The new model is assessed for its predictive capability of highly unsteady cavitating flows in a typical case of cloud cavitation around a NACA66 hydrofoil. The new model results are compared with data obtained from the Smagorinsky LES and SST model based on the same homogeneous Zwart cavitation model. It is found that the modified FBM method has significant advantages over SST model in all aspects of predicted instantaneous and mean flow field, and its predictive accuracy is comparable to the Smagorinsky LES model even using a much coarser grid in the simulations.     

Large eddy simulation and proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of turbulent flows in a direct injection spark ignition engine: Cyclic variation and effect of valve lift

Large eddy simulation(LES)is used to calculate the in-cylinder turbulent flow field in a direct injection spark ignition(DISI)engine.The computations are carried out for three different maximum valve lifts(MVL)and throughout 100 consecutive engine cycles.The simulated results as well as corresponding particle image velocimetry(PIV)measurement database are analyzed by the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)method.Through a new developed POD quadruple decomposition the instantaneous in-cylinder flow fields are decomposed into four parts,named mean field,coherent field,transition field and turbulent field,respectively.Then the in-cylinder turbulent flow characteristics and cycle-to-cycle variations(CCV)are studied separately upon the four part flow fields.Results indicate that each part exhibits its specific characteristics and has close connection with others.The mean part contains more than 50%of the total kinetic energy and the energy cascade phenomenon occurs among the four part fields;the coherent field part possesses the highest CCV level which dominates CCV of the bulk flow.In addition,it is observed that a change in MVL affects significantly the in-cylinder flow behavior including CCV,especially for the coherent part.Furthermore,the POD analysis demonstrates that at least 25 sample cycles for the mean velocity and 50 sample cycles for the RMS velocity are necessary for obtaining converged and correct results in CCV.     

混流式水轮机转轮紊流流场的计算机仿真

基于雷诺时均N-S方程和Realizablek-ε紊流模型,采用有限体积法,在拼片式块结构化网格上建立离散方程,选择二阶中心差分及二阶迎风差分格式作为空间离散格式,采用全隐式时间积分方案进行时间域离散.用全隐式多网格耦合技术求解离散方程.用CFX-TASCflow流体流动分析软件,对一个混流式模型转轮进行了三维非定常紊流计算,数值模拟了转轮内部三维紊流流场,得出了设计工况下的三维流场分布.应用计算机仿真技术对转轮进行流态分析,可以减少模型试验的次数,提高转轮的性能,从而缩短设计周期,降低成本.     

90°弯曲圆管内流动数值模拟

为验证数值模拟方法对于边界形状复杂流场的适用性,应用湍流大涡模拟方法对90°弯曲圆管内流动进行了数值模拟．采用Taylor-Galerkin有限元法求解．数值计算的结果与实验结果吻合较好．表明大涡模拟方法适用于边界形状复杂,存在各向异性的大尺度涡的流动仿真．     

建筑物环境风场数值模拟

应用紊流大涡模拟方法对建筑物环境风场进行了数值模拟.采用尤拉观点引入大涡模拟法作为风场的紊流模式,并采用SIMPLE法求解环境风场流场.数值计算结果与实验符合较好,表明紊流大涡模拟比标准的k-ε紊流模式具有较高的可靠性.