复杂截面铝合金型材拉弯成形有限元模拟

本文对矩形管截面铝合金型材拉弯成形工艺进行了研究 ,建立了位移控制拉弯工艺的有限元模型 ,采用ABAQUS软件对几种不同截面的铝合金型材拉弯成形过程进行了数值模拟 ,分析了不同补拉量对型材的截面畸变和回弹的影响以及不同截面形状抵抗拉弯成形时截面畸变的能力。其结果和方法对铝合金型材的拉弯成形工艺具有参考价值。     

基于响应面和神经网络模型的7003-T4铝合金防撞横梁拉弯成形多目标优化

以截面形状为目字形的7003-T4铝合金型材为研究对象,以防撞横梁质量最轻和型材拉弯成形之后的截面畸变量最小为目标,以回弹量和最大减薄率为成形质量约束,以横梁摆锤碰撞时摆锤侵入位移为刚度约束,基于有限元仿真技术和NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法,对型材筋的分布、厚度分布以及拉弯成形时的预拉力大小和摩擦系数进行优化设计。研究表明:在没有补拉阶段的型材拉弯成形过程中,影响型材成形后回弹量和截面畸变量的敏感因素顺序为:预拉力大小、摩擦系数;所建立的防撞横梁质量以及摆锤碰撞刚度的多项式响应面模型和回弹量、截面畸变量以及最大减薄率的神经网络模型均具有较高的精度;通过NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法获得型材结构-工艺参数的Pareto最优解。     

π截面铝合金型材拉弯成形工艺数值模拟研究

针对A7075-T6型材结构件,利用ABAQUS软件建立π型截面型材拉弯成形有限元模型,对该铝合金型材结构件拉弯成形进行数值模拟,并分析预拉量、补拉量、弯曲半径及摩擦系数的变化对回弹的影响。结果表明:预拉量、补拉量、弯曲半径和摩系数都会影响回弹量,在相对应的变化范围内,回弹随着预拉量、补拉量的增大有明显减小的趋势,而回弹量与弯曲半径和摩擦系数均呈正相关。其中对回弹量的变化影响较为明显的为拉伸量;当预拉量为1%,补拉量为2%,摩擦系数为0. 08,弯曲半径为200 mm时,回弹最小。     

异形闭截面型材灌砂拉弯成形有限元模拟

采用数值模拟软件ABAQUS对前弯管拉弯成形过程进行了有限元模拟,分别研究了普通拉弯过程与灌砂拉弯过程中工艺参数对型材成形缺陷的影响.结果表明,所建模型能较好地反映实际情况.在相同的弯曲角度及工艺参数条件下,同普通拉弯工艺相比,灌砂拉弯工艺能较好地减少异形闭截面型材的弯曲回弹量和截面畸变量,这能为实际生产工艺提供参考.     

典型铝合金型材零件拉弯成形工艺的数值模拟与实验研究

针对型材拉弯成形过程的起皱、破裂和回弹等问题,对成形后的2B06铝合金型材零件进行测试分析。利用ABAQUS软件对其拉弯成形过程进行有限元模拟。预测出零件成形过程中容易出现的起皱和破裂区域,验证了数值模拟回弹过程的准确度。研究结果表明,成形过程中零件的圆角处切向应力较大,为型材零件成形时的危险区域,容易引起减薄和破裂。零件的圆角外侧切向应力约为圆角内侧切向应力的3倍,造成型材零件产生回弹。通过回弹量对比,可以看出数值模拟结果和实验结果总体上吻合良好。因此,对铝合金型材拉弯成形过程进行数值模拟,可以有效预防成形中缺陷的产生。     

不等厚截面铝型材拉弯尺寸精度参数化

文章对不等厚截面超硬铝A7075-T6型材的拉弯成形进行研究,建立了不等厚L型材的有限元仿真模型,分析预拉量和补拉量对截面畸变角和曲率回弹的影响,以及影响的原因。研究表明,截面畸变角和曲率回弹对成形精度有很大的影响,是影响贴膜度的主要因素。随着预拉量和补拉量的增大,截面畸变角增大,且在型材长度方向的中心对称面处最大,随着远离中心对称面而减小;随着预拉量和补拉量的增大,曲率回弹量减小。     

中空铝合金型材拉弯成形工艺研究

拉弯成形工艺具有成形精度高、回弹量小、生产效率高的优点,对轨道列车端顶弯梁进行拉弯数值模拟与成形实验。利用数学解析法计算得到了型材拉弯过程中夹钳的运动轨迹,并定义了型材拉弯过程中典型的成形缺陷。利用有限元模拟对比分析不同选材和工艺参数下成形后零件的应力分布、回弹、截面畸变和空间扭转。研究结果表明:选用ENAW-6005-T4材料可以避免型材拉弯过程中的断裂;采用预拉0.5%和补拉1.5%的加载组合时,型材的卸载回弹量最小;采用1.5 MPa的填充压强可以有效地抑制型材外壁的内凹;改善摩擦条件可以减小成形后的空间扭曲。采用优化后的工艺参数进行了实验验证,测量结果和数值分析规律相吻合。     

不锈钢车体端梁拉弯成形研究

以某轨道车辆车体端梁为研究对象,用ABAQUS模拟软件进行成形数值模拟,结果表明:铝合金拉弯成形过程中存在截面畸变和轮廓精度差的问题;通过设置合适的包覆拉伸量可以改善端梁的截面畸变;调整预拉伸量和补拉伸量能够改善轮廓精度,但效果不佳,而基于回弹对模具零件型面的修正可以有效地提高轮廓精度,通过试验验证并获得了高质量的成形件。     

塑料包覆铝型材拉伸弯曲实验研究

针对轿车用复杂截面PVC塑料包覆铝型材密封条的三维拉弯成形,采用控制拉伸量的方法,通过选择合理的预拉量、恰当的成形模具截面及型材间填充物,对该截面型材进行了平面和垂直拉弯成形实验,得到了该型材平面和垂直拉弯的半径回弹量。结果显示,垂直拉弯回弹量是平面回弹量的1倍多,实验结果为研制该型材及同类产品拉弯工装模具和工艺参数选择,提供了依据。     

铝型材推弯工艺

通过铝型材圆环的推弯实验,研究了推弯工艺原理、变形过程,结合有限元模拟得到了和实验结果相吻合的型材厚度分布、成形零件卸载回弹后的曲率半径及型材截面畸变.结果表明:推弯零件曲率及截面畸变一致性高,成形模具结构简单且便于调整,数值模拟可以用于推弯工艺的优化分析.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.