直流等离子氮化工艺对316L不锈钢组织和磨损的影响

应用高压直流辉光放电等离子技术,改变氮化工艺参数,对316L奥氏体不锈钢进行表面渗氮处理。利用XRD衍射仪分析渗氮层的相组成,SEM观察氮化层厚度和结构,表面显微硬度计检测渗层的表面硬度,结果表明:当氮化温度T为400℃时,氮化层为单一的S-phase;当420℃≤T<480℃时,氮化层为CrN S-phase两相混合;当温度为480℃时,S-phase衍射峰消失,仅出现CrN相;渗层厚度约为5~9μm,渗层深度随着温度和气压的升高而增加;表面显微硬度随着温度和气压的增加而增加,最高的表面显微硬度可达839Hv0.1。在MM200磨损实验机上用环块式的方法评价磨损性能,结果表明等离子氮化显著提高了不锈钢表面的耐磨性能;用SEM观察磨损表面形貌,表明未氮化的不锈钢的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;等离子氮化试样的磨损机制主要是氧化磨损。     

喷丸对H13钢等离子渗氮处理的影响

对经1020℃淬火560℃、610℃和560℃三次回火后的H13钢进行喷丸处理,将喷丸处理后的试样在550℃下等离子渗氮1h.采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和X射线衍射仪观察和分析,对比了喷丸和未喷丸试样亚表层的显微结构,等离子渗氮后的渗层深度、截面硬度及表面物相组成.结果表明,在550℃渗氮1h的情况下,喷丸的催渗效果十分明显,喷丸后渗氮层深度从30.4μm增至51.4μm,喷丸形成的高密度胞状位错对催渗起了决定性的作用.喷丸试样的渗氮层与未喷丸试样相比,表面物相的含量不同,表面硬度较高,渗层的硬度梯度稍平缓一些.     

氮化处理对904L不锈钢组织和腐蚀行为的影响

为了探索提高904L超级奥氏体不锈钢(904LSS)强度同时又不明显降低其耐蚀性的有效方法,采用等离子渗氮及碳氮共渗(软氮化)两种方法氮化904L超级奥氏体不锈钢,并研究其氮化后的表面形貌、显微组织结构以及耐蚀性能。结果表明:经两种渗氮处理后试样表面硬度均有大幅度提高,其中等离子氮化后试样的表层硬度高于软氮化后试样的;渗氮层均由化合物层和扩散层两部分构成;两种渗氮处理后的904L氮化层由于CrN的析出导致耐蚀性有所下降,其中等离子渗氮后的904L耐蚀性下降较小,优于软氮化后试样的。     

强力喷丸对4Cr5MoSiVl钢离子渗氮的影响

对调质后的4Cr5MoSiVl钢进行强力喷丸处理,将喷丸处理后的试样在520℃下离子渗氮1 h。采用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜、显微硬度仪和X射线衍射仪对比分析了喷丸和未喷丸试样亚表层的显微组织、渗层深度、硬度分布及表面物相组成。结果表明,在520℃离子渗氮l h的情况下,喷丸的催渗效果十分明显,喷丸后渗氮层深度从31.6μm增至52.5μm,表面层显微硬度从986 HV增加到1084 HV。喷丸试样的渗氮层与未喷丸试样相比,表面物相及含量都有不同。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti钢等离子氮化工艺参数的优化

运用正交试验法,研究1Crl8NigTi奥氏体不锈钢等离子渗氮工艺.分析影响渗氮层结构和性能的主要工艺因素,获得渗氮工艺最优化参数.通过光学显微镜观察渗氮层的组织,利用显微硬度计测定各试样渗氮层的室温显微硬度.结果表明,影响渗氮工件表面结构和性能的主要因素是渗氮温度和N2:H2;渗氮层最大厚度为56.50μm,最大显微硬度为1 732.00HV;最佳氮化工艺参数为:氮化温度560℃,N2:H2=1∶1,工作炉压533.288 Pa,氮化时间3 h.     

热锻模表面喷丸及多元氮碳共渗复合强化工艺

分别采用喷丸处理、多元氮碳共渗及喷丸+多元氮碳共渗复合强化处理三种方法对5CrNiMo钢试样及其热锻模具进行了表面处理,采用金相显微镜、显微硬度测试仪以及高速往复微摩擦试验机等对5CrNiMo钢试样的强化层组织、显微硬度以及摩擦磨损性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,喷丸加多元氮碳共渗复合强化处理得到的渗氮白亮层的平均厚度比只经多元氮碳共渗的增加了一倍,渗层深度增加2倍,工件表面显微硬度也提高了85 HV0.5左右,同时其摩擦磨损性能也得到了显著改善。通过模具现场使用表明,采用喷丸加渗氮复合表面强化的热锻模具的使用寿命比没经喷丸预处理的提高了29%,复合处理效果显著。     

T10钢低温双辉等离子渗镀铬硬化的研究

采用双辉等离子渗铬＋离子渗氮的复合工艺,以T10钢为基材在560℃研究了该工艺对渗层硬化效果的影响。结果表明：离子渗氮前渗层表面有3-5μm的沉积层,组织致密并与基体结合紧密,基体组织无明显变化;沉积层含铬量达46%以上,扩散层深15-20μm;渗层表面物相均由Fe、Fe-Cr、Cr7C3、Cr23C6等组成;表面显微硬度达650-850HV,硬度向内呈梯度分布。渗镀层经离子渗氮后的组织与氮化前的组织无明显变化,但表面物相为Fe-Cr、Cr7C3、Cr23C6、CrN、Fe4N,表面显微硬度1000-1350HV,较未渗氮前提高65%以上,表明本复合工艺能有效提高铬渗镀层的显微硬度。     

55SiCr弹簧钢低温渗氮的组织和性能研究

采用喷丸技术作为催渗方法促进渗氮,将经不同喷丸强度处理的55SiCr弹簧钢试样分别在370℃和390℃进行低温渗氮处理12 h,通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和HV-50Z显微硬度仪,对渗层的显微组织、硬度进行分析对比。结果表明:渗氮后弹簧表面硬度提高20%左右,随喷丸强度的提高渗氮层厚度不断加深,最低喷丸强度弹簧试样和最高喷丸强度弹簧试样其渗氮层厚度相差20μm以上。     

38CrMoAl钢喷丸预处理与稀土催渗等离子多元共渗复合工艺研究

目的探索38CrMoAl喷丸预处理与稀土离子多元共渗复合强化新工艺的效果及其机理。方法通过设计正交实验筛选出最优处理工艺,在最优工艺参数条件下进行对比试验,分别测定渗氮后各试样的表面硬度及渗层厚度,观察其金相组织,利用SEM和能谱分析研究每组试样渗氮层的性能及产生原因。结果 38CrMoAl钢喷丸预处理与稀土催渗离子多元共渗的最优工艺参数为:渗氮温度540℃,氨气流量2.0 L/min,保温时间9 h。38CrMoAl钢试样的最大硬度为1221HV,渗层厚度为355μm。38CrMoAl钢试样的金相显微组织分析表明,喷丸预处理、稀土催渗对等离子多元共渗有促进作用,两者复合工艺的多元共渗作用效果大于单一稀土催渗和等离子多元共渗工艺。38CrMoAl钢试样渗层的能谱检测结果显示,复合处理工艺与单一处理工艺相比,在同一深度渗入的氮、碳、氧元素含量以及渗层深度均有明显提高。结论喷丸预处理与稀土催渗离子多元共渗工艺优于普通多元共渗和稀土多元共渗,喷丸和稀土的复合处理可以显著增强渗层厚度和渗入元素含量,有利于材料表面性能的提升。     

38CrMoAl钢钛催渗等离子氮化工艺研究

目的 探究38CrMoAl钢钛催渗等离子渗氮工艺及机理.方法 在其他工艺参数确定的情况下,通过常规等离子渗氮与钛催渗等离子渗氮处理对比试验,研究38CrMoAl钢钛催渗离子渗氮处理随渗氮时间的变化规律.对试样进行表面硬度、渗层深度检测和显微金相组织与SEM形貌的观察,探究不同处理工艺的催渗效果及钛催渗等离子渗氮的机理.结果 在渗氮的前3 h,渗氮层厚度增加明显,当渗氮时间超过3 h后,其氮化层的厚度便趋于饱和.对比不同时间(3、5、8 h)钛催渗等离子渗氮的表面硬度,差距不大.综合得出38CrMoAl钢在渗氮温度535℃、氨气流量2.0 L/min的工艺参数下,钛催渗等离子渗氮效率最优的渗氮时间为3 h,其表面硬度为1160.8HV,渗层深度为300μm,优于常规离子渗氮8 h的作用效果.结论 38CrMoAl钢试样经过钛催渗等离子渗氮后,渗层的表面硬度和深度明显高于常规离子渗氮.钛的加入可以促使合金元素向表面富集,有利于表面合金化,提升渗氮效率,增强渗氮效果.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.