基于CUDA的地震数据层位面自动追踪算法

层位面追踪是三维地震数据解释的一项关键操作,对于地质勘探和油藏工程有重要的指导意义。传统的层位面自动追踪算法采用的是种子点蔓延法,该方法是一个不断进行迭代计算的过程。由于三维地震数据的数据量很大,传统的基于CPU的层位面自动追踪算法的计算效率不高。文中提出了一种基于CUDA的三维层位面自动追踪算法。该算法对种子点蔓延法进行了改进,实现了层位面自动追踪的GPU并行解决方案。实验表明,与传统的基于CPU的层位面自动追踪算法相比,本算法的计算效率有明显的提升。     

基于地震体追踪的有序扩展算法

三维地震解释离不开三维可视化技术,对于透视图和三维可视化来说体元追踪技术是最好的技术.本文提出一种基于地震体追踪的有序扩展算法,该算法实现了数据体的三维自动追踪,是沿着真正的三维路径追踪数据体的,追踪是在纵横测线和时间方向同时进行.     

基于倾角校正的地震层位追踪算法

由于地下构造复杂且原始采集地震数据的信噪比低、噪声干扰强等原因,常无法 正确拾取地震层位,如出现层位跳变等问题。为了解决该问题,本文提出了一种抗干扰的地震 层位追踪算法,首先基于Morlet 小波进行滤波去噪,并进行相干计算以获得倾角控制体;然后 使用倾角信息进行初始追踪,加快增长速度;若初始追踪失败,根据同相轴类型,在搜索时窗 内继续追踪候选点,追踪过程利用倾角信息获得正确的邻域进行增长判断;本文还使用了多个 容许偏差值进行逐步追踪的同时,通过权值参数控制倾角在断层处停止增长。实验表明本文算 法识别的层位面与原始数据的地质层位吻合良好,且断点位置较准确。     

地震剖面图同相轴的AR自动追踪方法

应用模式识别与人工智能技术解决剖面图同相轴的自动追踪问题,是目前地震勘探资料 自动解释中所研究的主要问题之一.本文提出了一种区别于文献[1,2]的新的AR自动追踪 方法,首次应用AR模型描述同相轴,在一种特定的数据结构和搜索策略下实现了同相轴的 AR自动追踪.与已有的研究结果相比,该方法能修补断点,保持同相轴的连续性;对尖灭和 断层给出了有参考价值的结果;并显示以同相轴划分的大致层位.该方法在结构上还有引入 知识的接口,从而提供了实现智能追踪的可能性.     

地震资料的三维空间交互式层面追踪解释方法研究

地震资料的层面解释是对现有的地震层面数据进行分析和处理,然后再以各种直观的方式动态展示地质特征的物探方法,是各种地质和能源勘探中的一项重要技术。解释效果的好坏直接影响后继工作的效率和成败。传统地震资料的层面解释方法建立在对三维地震资料进行二维解释的基础上,这种方法简单便捷,但也有很多的不足之处,如资料利用率低、解释精度不高等。本文提到的剖面引导和数据子体引导是两种全新的三维空间交互式层面追踪解释方法,从控制层面追踪区域的大小、控制层面追踪的次序等多个方面很好地弥补了传统方法的不足并阐述了这两种方法的原理、优点并给出了具体的实现算法和效果图。     

基于机器学习的激光测距墙线目标自动分类方法

在远距离激光测距领域，由于测量目标的反射面特性不同，造成相同距离下墙、线等典型目标的测量结果存在明显差异。如果能够自动区分墙线目标，对不同目标采用不同的数据处理方法，就可以提高远距离目标测距系统的精度和普适性。提出了一种基于机器学习的激光测距墙线目标自动分类方法，采用自适应k-Means聚类算法，根据优化条件，从原始测距数据中筛选出相似性最高的一组有用数据并剔除其余异常数据，根据回波信号特征从统计角度构建特征值空间，然后将XGBoost和逻辑回归算法进行结合实现特征数据的墙线分类模型训练。实测结果表明，本文提出的自动分类方法准确率超过98%,测距精度也明显提高。     

面向三维层面网格生成的层序分析方法研究

在地震数据处理中,通过在地震数据体中人工拾取同相轴建立地层三维模型,这一过程费时费力。为解决该问题,提出了一种利用同相轴自动追踪结果的层序分析算法,该方法将自动追踪结果的分类问题,转化为给自动追踪结果排序的问题,并利用最小二乘法求全局最优排序。使用排序的结果可以恢复追踪结果的拓扑信息,从而直接用于层面网格建模。实验结果表明了该方法用于生成层面网格的有效性,其计算结果符合实际的地质状况。     

基于NURBS方法和OpenGL平台的地震层位建模与实现

结合三维地震层位数据,使用OpenGL图形库和NURBS模型,分析了NURBS构造自由曲面的方法。讨论和总结了相关关键算法和技术,实现了地震层位的三维多方显示,为很多领域的空间数据曲面拟合提供了通用性方法。     

基于曲率值追踪的气象槽线自动分析算法

针对传统槽线自动分析算法中存在的处理效率较低，且分析准确度不高的问题，提出一种基于曲率值追踪的槽线自动分析算法。算法利用位势高度场格点数据，直接计算格点处曲率值，并根据曲率值及相对位置对格点进行分类判别，以提取候选槽点；在候选槽点中筛选合理槽点进行追踪连接；最终通过后处理步骤，得到槽线自动分析结果。实验结果表明，该算法可有效实现气象槽线的自动分析，在分析准确度和运行速度方面较之前算法均有所改进。     

基于NURBS方法和0penGL平台的地震层位建模与实现

结合三维地震层位数据,使用OpenGL图形库和NURBS模型,分析了NURBS构造自由曲面的方法.讨论和总结了相关关键算法和技术,实现了地震层位的三维多方显示,为很多领域的空间数据曲面拟合提供了通用性方法.     

Automated tools within workflows for 3D structural construction from surface and subsurface data

Mainstream techniques for the construction of 3D geological models frequently rely on high-density subsurface datasets, such as 3D seismic surveys or dense 2D seismic grids. In settings where the available geological and/or geophysical data are relatively sparse, the construction of a consistent 3D structural framework is seldom straightforward and is strongly dependent on the optimization of the use of surface data. To deal with this challenge, workflows for constructing 3D models from sparse surface data have been proposed by multiple authors. This paper presents three automated techniques which optimize the use of data and enhance the time-efficiency of 3D model construction: 3D geological contact analysis, 3D dip-domain construction, and 3D isopach measurement and construction.

运动估计方法的地震断层曲面生成

在三维地震数据解释中,断层面的识别及建模是核心问题之一。传统的地质断层曲面的生成依靠地质研究人员根据地质剖面和相干切面的信息,用人工方法识别断层轮廓线,再推测断层面的三维形态。这种方法在三维数据解释中最费时,许多地质解释数据也会有人为的二义性。图像序列的帧间匹配及运动估计技术已经广泛运用于运动跟踪、运动补偿、多源图像融合、视频压缩、多帧图像超分辨等领域。提出了一种基于运动估计的断层面生成方法,跟踪地震图像中断层的特征点并生成断层曲面。这种方法完全符合人工解释理解模型,并充分考虑了图像序列的帧间关联。实验结果表明,该方法是有效的。     

A new recognition model for electronic architectural drawings

Current methods for recognition and interpretation of architectural drawings are limited to either low-level analysis of paper drawings or interpretation of electronic drawings that depicts only high-level design entities. In this paper, we propose a Self-Incremental Axis-Net-based Hierarchical Recognition (SINEHIR) model for automatic recognition and interpretation of real-life complex electronic construction structural drawings. We design and implement a series of integrated algorithms for recognizing dimensions, coordinate systems and structural components. We tested our approach on more than 200 real-life drawings. The results show that the average recognition rate of structural components is about 90%, and the computation time is significantly shorter than manual estimation time.     

The seismic analyzer: interpreting and illustrating 2D seismic data

We present a toolbox for quickly interpreting and illustrating 2D slices of seismic volumetric reflection data. Searching for oil and gas involves creating a structural overview of seismic reflection data to identify hydrocarbon reservoirs. We improve the search of seismic structures by precalculating the horizon structures of the seismic data prior to interpretation. We improve the annotation of seismic structures by applying novel illustrative rendering algorithms tailored to seismic data, such as deformed texturing and line and texture transfer functions. The illustrative rendering results in multi-attribute and scale invariant visualizations where features are represented clearly in both highly zoomed in and zoomed out views. Thumbnail views in combination with interactive appearance control allows for a quick overview of the data before detailed interpretation takes place. These techniques help reduce the work of seismic illustrators and interpreters.     

基于VolumeViz的地震数据三维可视化关键技术

随着三维可视化技术的应用领域越来越广泛,三维地震数据的信息量过多,三维可视化绘制的运算量过大,渲染速度过慢等问题成为制约地震数据三维可视化技术发展的桎梏.本文基于Open Inventor的扩展模块VolumeViz,通过三维地震数据存储格式的转换实现大量数据的存储,通过自动控制分辨率的方式减少运算量,最后建立场景数据库并渲染实现地震数据三维可视化.     

Mathematical models of elastic wave processes in seismology and seismic prospecting: forward and inverse problems

This paper presents a simulation system based on the solution of forward and inverse problems of elastic wave propagation. Forward and inverse modeling have become a useful tool for interpretation in exploration geophysics and seismology. By 3D modeling, field observations can be simulated numerically, and computed results can be compared to field data. It is known that 3D seismic modeling requires the up-to-date high-performance multiprocessor computer systems which are not readily available for many geophysical firms in Russia. This situation makes us focus on the creation of efficient numerical–analytical algorithms which allow the solution of 3D forward and inverse seismic problems without supercomputers. This paper presents some algorithms and numerical experiments for different models of media. A special emphasis is given to “non-ray” waves which play an important role in seismic interpretation theory.     

Towards automatic generation of as-built BIM: 3D building facade modeling and material recognition from images

As-built building information model(BIM) is an urgent need of the architecture, engineering, construction and facilities management(AEC/FM) community. However, its creation procedure is still labor-intensive and far from maturity. Taking advantage of prevalence of digital cameras and the development of advanced computer vision technology, the paper proposes to reconstruct a building facade and recognize its surface materials from images taken from various points of view. These can serve as initial steps towards automatic generation of as-built BIM. Specifically, 3D point clouds are generated from multiple images using structure from motion method and then segmented into planar components, which are further recognized as different structural components through knowledge based reasoning. Windows are detected through a multilayered complementary strategy by combining detection results from every semantic layer. A novel machine learning based 3D material recognition strategy is presented. Binary classifiers are trained through support vector machines. Material type at a given 3D location is predicted by all its corresponding 2D feature points.Experimental results from three existing buildings validate the proposed system.     

基于草图交互的个性化服装生成方法

以建立和交互修改三维服装草图为设计手段,提出在三维人体模型上生成三维个性化服装的参数化造型方法．服装草图由2种基本几何元素组成：体现人体围度信息的封闭样条曲线和体现人体在高度方向上曲面形状过渡的不封闭样条曲线．将服装草图约束分为2类4种：一类是体现服装宽松程度的人体与服装曲面之间的间隙约束;另一类是服装几何元素本身之间的共点、共面与对称约束．从人体的特征点出发,通过间隙约束生成服装草图的几何元素;在共点、对称和共面约束下,由服装草图几何元素建立拓扑结构为四边网格的服装草图．服装草图的交互修改是草图约束维护的过程,构建侧视图、正视图、断面图3个视图组成草图修改平台,在平台上交互编辑特征曲线．服装曲面则以三维草图为框架,通过对四边网格双线性Coons曲面插值生成．提供的设计方法使服装的造型变得简洁、灵活．     

Dynamic picking system for 3D seismic data: Design and evaluation

In the framework of data interpretation for petroleum exploration, this paper contributes two contributions for visual exploration aiming to manually segment surfaces embedded in volumetric data. Resulting from a user-centered design approach, the first contribution, dynamic picking, is a new method of viewing slices dedicated to surface tracking, i.e. fault-picking, from 3D large seismic data sets. The proposed method establishes a new paradigm of interaction breaking with the conventional 2D slices method usually used by geoscientists. Based on the 2D+time visualization method, dynamic picking facilitates localizing of faults by taking advantage of the intrinsic ability of the human visual system to detect dynamic changes in textured data. The second, projective slice, is a focus+context visualization technique that offers the advantage of facilitating the anticipation of upcoming slices over the sloping 3D surface. From the reported experimental results, dynamic picking leads to a good compromise between fitting precision and completeness of picking while the projective slice significantly reduces the amount of workload for an equivalent level of precision.