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稠油作为全球重要的非常规原油资源,是保障我国能源安全、重大工程需求的重要资源。目前常规的热采稠油油藏陆续进入开采后期,高能耗、高污染、高成本问题日趋严重,亟需依靠技术换代实现开发方式升级。稠油地下改质是通过向油藏中注入改质催化剂,使其与稠油发生化学反应,实现稠油地下不可逆降黏并高效采出的一种开采方式,是近十年来最受瞩目的下一代稠油开采技术之一。本文从技术机理、改质催化剂及开采效果影响因素三方面阐述了技术内涵,通过系统调研国内外相关学者和企业的代表性成果,按照催化剂种类、反应温度和降黏效果等进行综合性分类统计,对比了现有矿场试验的开采方式和采油效果,指出制约技术应用的两个关键问题,并展望了技术未来发展方向。 相似文献
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耐高温降黏剂对河南特稠油的应用研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用自制耐高温降黏剂SP对河南特稠油进行乳化降黏,研究了SP降黏的操作条件、促进剂对降黏的影响、SP的普适性及现场加剂方式对其降黏效果的影响。结果表明,SP在乳化剂水溶液中的质量分数为0.05%、乳化温度70℃~80℃、m(水)∶m(油)=30∶70~40∶60、乳化时间3 min~9 min的条件下,25℃时使河南特稠油1#黏度由202.7 Pa.s降至其乳状液黏度低于34.2 mPa.s,降黏率均达99%以上。实验还表明,高温(260℃~300℃)处理前后SP对河南特稠油的降黏效果比较稳定,降黏率都达到99%以上。 相似文献
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《应用化工》2022,(2)
针对油溶性稠油降黏剂存在的选择性强和降黏效果差等问题,通过乳液聚合方式合成了一种阴离子型的多元共聚物油溶性稠油降黏剂,最佳合成条件为:在氮气的保护下,n(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)∶n(甲基丙烯酸长链酯)∶n(苯乙烯)∶n(丙烯酸)=1∶10∶6∶5,引发剂加量0.5%,反应时间6 h,反应温度70℃,单体浓度25%。该降黏剂对多种稠油都具有一定降黏效果,尤其对含水率高的稠油效果更好;在50℃条件下,降黏剂加量950 mg/L时,降黏率可达59.29%。考察了稠油中胶质、沥青质加降黏剂前后的红外光谱,分析了其降黏机理:降黏剂加入后,降黏剂分子与稠油中的胶质、沥青质发生作用,消弱了胶质沥青质聚集体间的氢键结合能力,改变了原有聚集体的空间网状结构,从而降低稠油黏度。 相似文献
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《应用化工》2016,(2)
针对油溶性稠油降黏剂存在的选择性强和降黏效果差等问题,通过乳液聚合方式合成了一种阴离子型的多元共聚物油溶性稠油降黏剂,最佳合成条件为:在氮气的保护下,n(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)∶n(甲基丙烯酸长链酯)∶n(苯乙烯)∶n(丙烯酸)=1∶10∶6∶5,引发剂加量0.5%,反应时间6 h,反应温度70℃,单体浓度25%。该降黏剂对多种稠油都具有一定降黏效果,尤其对含水率高的稠油效果更好;在50℃条件下,降黏剂加量950 mg/L时,降黏率可达59.29%。考察了稠油中胶质、沥青质加降黏剂前后的红外光谱,分析了其降黏机理:降黏剂加入后,降黏剂分子与稠油中的胶质、沥青质发生作用,消弱了胶质沥青质聚集体间的氢键结合能力,改变了原有聚集体的空间网状结构,从而降低稠油黏度。 相似文献
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The apolar and hydrophobic jojoba molecule was made more hydrophilic by the incorporation of primary amino groupsvia the introduction and subsequent reduction of azido groups. The azides were obtained by the substitution of bromine or a mesylate
group introduced into the jojoba oil molecule; by opening of the epoxide ring in epoxy jojoba; or by the addition of bromoazide
to the double bonds of jojoba. 相似文献
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研究了不同条件(静置时间、速度梯度、温度、添加电解质)下模拟含油废水中浮油凝并聚结的过程,探讨了影响浮油稳定性的因素。实验结果及分析表明,适当的静置(20min左右)、一定的速度梯度(1.5~6.9 s~(-1))、较低的温度(5~20℃)以及加入电解质(如NaCl)均可降低浮油废水的稳定性。 相似文献
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Five vegetable oils were each randomized by chemical means (with the use of a sodium potassium alloy) and by enzymatic means
(using a nonspecific lipase). The success of the randomization procedure was confirmed via positional analysis. The oxidative
stabilities of the native and chemically randomized oils were determined at storage temperatures of 28°C and 55°C using absorbance
at 234 nm as indicative of conjugated diene content. No difference between curves occurred in oils stored at 55°C, however,
at the lower temperature all chemically randomized oils had significantly steeper slopes (P<0.05), suggesting a lower stability.
When both enzymatically and chemically randomized oils were compared to native oils at 28°C, no significant difference occurred
between slopes of native and enzymatically randomized oils, however, the end content of conjugated dienes was significantly
higher for chemically randomized canola, corn and soybean oils (P<0.05). No difference was seen between the slopes of the
three different oils from either linseed or sunflower. Since both of these oils exhibited higher oxidation rates, it is possible
that observation of differences between the stability of native and chemically randomized oild is dependent upon the rate
of the reaction. 相似文献
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Temperature effect on the viscosities of palm oil and coconut oil blended with diesel oil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
One of the major difficulties in using crude vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines is their relatively high
viscosities. Increasing the temperature of the crude vegetable oil, blending it with diesel oil, or the combination of both
offers a simple and effective means of controlling and lowering the viscosities of vegetable oils. This work reports viscosity
data, determined with a rotational bob-and-cup viscometer, for crude palm oil and cononut oil blended with diesel oil over
the temperature range of 20–80°C and for different mixture compositions. All the test oil samples showed a time-independent
newtonian type of flow behavior. The reduction of viscosity with increasing liquid temperature followed an exponential relationship,
with the two constants of the equation being a function of the volume percentage of the vegetable oil in the mixture. A single
empirical equation was developed for predicting the viscosity of these fuel mixtures under varying temperatures and blend
compositions. 相似文献
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研究了用南阳脱沥青油生产凡士林的可能性,提出南阳脱沥青油含有较多的微晶蜡,滴点较高,不是生产凡士林的合适原材料;但若与蜡下油和中等粘度的润滑油、基础油调配后,可生产出同时满足医药和化妆用品标准要求的凡士林产品。 相似文献
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以黄岛油库为例,分析了油库混油现象的原因和解决的办法,在保证生产有序进行的同时,又确保同类不同牌号的油品质量不受影响,对成品油的贮运和管理提供了很好的借鉴。 相似文献