三相环流反应器中的局部相含率

将压差法与气-液相间滑移速度相结合,提出了利用压差法测量三相区局部相含率的新方法,将测得的局部固含率进行轴向平均并与由颗粒装填量计算所得的固含率进行比较,证明了此方法的可靠性. 利用所提出的测量方法,考察了三相环流反应器中气含率和固含率随操作条件的变化规律. 结果表明,气含率随表观气速的升高而增大,且随轴向位置的升高而增大;大颗粒具有破碎气泡的作用,能够增大反应器内的气含率;固含率随表观气速的增加而降低,且沿轴向变化较大. 表观气速较高时,固含率沿轴向近似呈S形分布.     

气升式外环流反应器流体力学参数的轴径向分布

在气升式外环流反应器（Φ 0.09 m×1.8 m）内,利用压差法和双探针电导探头技术考察了不同表观气速下空气-水两相体系中气含率及气泡参数随轴径向位置的变化规律,测得了平均及局部气含率、气泡尺寸及分布、气泡上升速度、气泡频率以及气液相界面积,并从气液流场特征及气泡间相互作用等方面对实验结果作出分析。基于实验数据拟合出局部气含率随表观气速和轴径向位置的关联式。     

采用电阻层析成像技术测量气液加压鼓泡塔局部气泡参数

在内径0.3 m,高6.6 m的加压气液鼓泡塔反应器中,采用电阻层析成像技术(ERT)研究了空气-水体系中气泡群平均上升速度、局部气含率及其径向分布。在表观气速0.119~0.312 m s 1,压力0.5~2.0 MPa,考察了表观气速、压力对气泡群上升速度、局部气含率及其径向分布的影响。实验结果表明,鼓泡塔中局部气含率随着表观气速与压力的增大而增大,其径向分布呈现出中心高边壁低的分布特征,但整个截面的分布并非严格对称,在r/R=0~0.3,气含率变化较小,且极大值出现在该范围内;气泡群的局部上升速度随着表观气速的增大而增大,但是随着压力的增大而减小。     

高长径比三相内环流反应器中细颗粒相含率和循环液速的分布研究

在高径比为22的三相内环流反应器中,在常温常压下以空气-水-石英砂为物系,研究了在不同粒径下上升区固含率、下降区固含率和上升区循环液速随表观气速的变化规律和不同粒径下轴向固含率的分布情况,以及在固体体积分数不同的条件下,平均气含率和上升区气含率随表观气速的变化情况。结果表明:当粒径(ds)≤0.3 mm时,上升区固含率随表观气速的增加呈平缓变化趋势,下降区固含率随表观气速的增加而增加;当0.3 mm相似文献   

高长径比三相内环流反应器中相含率的分布研究

在长径比为22的三相内环流反应器中,常温常压下,以空气-水-石英砂为物系,根据无因次准数建立了气含率、固含率的预测模型,考察了在不同粒径下上升区气含率、下降区气含率和上升区固含率、下降区固含率随表观气速的变化规律和不同固体体积分数下轴向固含率的分布情况。结果表明：不同粒径下上升区和下降区气含率均随表观气速的增大而增大;当粒径（ds）≤0．3mm时,上升区固含率随表观气速的增加呈平缓趋势,下降区固含率随表观气速的增加而增加,当0．3mm〈d。≤1．2mm时,上升区固含率随表观气速的增加而呈先下降后增加的趋势,下降区固含率随表观气速的增加而下降;不同固体体积分数下的固体颗粒的固含率随着轴向高度的增大而变化平缓,能够均匀的分布在反应器中;气含率和固含率的计算值和实验值吻合较好,其平均相对误差分别为6．32％、4．56％。     

采用电阻层析成像技术测量三相外环流反应器中相含率的实验研究

结合电阻层析成像技术和差压法,以平均粒径为3 mm的聚氨酯为固相,空气为气相,水为液相,对f90 mm的气升式三相外循环环流反应器中局部相含率及其径向分布进行了研究. 结果表明,在实验范围内,增大固相体积分率不影响气含率在上升管中的分布特征;固含率随着表观气速的增大先增大,当表观气速ug=0.09 m/s时反应器达到充分发展段,固相已充分循环;上升管中气固虚拟相的径向分布呈中心高、边壁低的特征,但并非严格对称,在r/R=0~0.2间出现极大值;下降管中气固虚拟相在径向上分布较为均匀. 本工作证实了两种技术相结合测量气液固三相相含率的可行性.     

连续内环流三相反应器局部流动特性

在φ200 mm×2500 mm连续内环流三相反应器内，考察了空气 水 玻璃珠体系反应器内局部流动参数随操作条件的变化规律。结果表明，导流筒内截面平均气含率随表观气速的增大而增大，较之气液两相流，在低固含率时，加入固体对气含率影响不明显，而在较高固含率下，气含率有明显降低，但固体再增加时对气含率变化影响不大。在较低表观气速下，进料浆速对导流筒内气含率轴向分布趋势有一定的影响，但在较高表观气速下影响不大，导流筒内的气含率大于环隙内的气含率且随气速增大差别更加明显，浆相连续有利于气相分散并增大环隙内的气含率。导流筒内循环浆速径向分布呈抛物状，中心高、近壁处低，受进料浆速和入口固含率影响都不大。浆相循环强度最低为20，高可达180。固含率轴、径向分布受表观气速和进料浆速的影响，固含率轴、径向分布基本均匀，随进料浆速增加，反应器内固含率降低。     

电导探针法测量高固含体系循环液速和气含率

基于电导探针和示踪法,开发了一种利用电导探针同时测量环流反应器中高固含体系下循环液速和局部气含率的方法. 利用2个单针电导探头测量脉冲注入KCl饱和溶液后两路电导信号的先后响应,测得两路液体的停留时间分布曲线. 通过对单路信号进行幅值分析可以得到气含率,与压差法相比测量值误差小于5%;通过对过滤气泡信号后的液体的停留时间分布曲线进行相关处理可得到循环液速,测量值与超声多普勒(UDV)的测量结果一致. 实验研究了外环流反应器中操作条件对气含率和循环液速的影响. 结果表明,低表观气速下气含率沿径向分布较均匀,高于0.1 m/s后逐渐呈抛物线型分布,整体随表观气速增加而增大;循环液速随表观气速增加近似线性增大,随固含率增加而减小.     

气液固三相流化床局部相含率

在以焦末为固相、空气为气相、水为液相的三相流化床中研究了局部气含率和局部固含率径向分布。实验用流化床内径100 mm,高1.7 m,焦末粒度1.07 mm。分别采用电导探针法和光纤法测定局部气含率和局部固含率。结果表明:表观气速为0.35—0.71 cm/s,表观液速为2.12—3.54 cm/s时,局部气含率在流化床中沿径向r/R=0—0.8处分布较均匀,在靠壁面处下降至约0.5%,且随表观液速增加而减小,随表观气速增加而增大,且在距分布板轴向高度分别为370 mm和470 mm时趋势一致,大小沿轴向增加,在表观气速一定时,液速小于2.12 cm/s时,气含率沿径向减小的趋势较明显。局部固含率沿径向分布较均匀,基本不随表观气速变化而变化,随表观液速增大而增大,且在距分布板轴向高度分别为370 mm和470 mm时趋势一致,大小沿轴向减小。     

提升管-环流床耦合反应器环流床内的固含率分布

针对催化汽油辅助反应器改质降烯烃技术,在提升管-环流床耦合反应器大型冷模实验装置上,研究了上部环流床内局部固含率分布及操作条件的影响,采用径向不均匀指数分析比较了提升管上端耦合环流床及耦合常规流化床的流化质量. 结果表明,环流床内固含率随表观气速增加而减小,导流筒底部固含率随外循环强度增加而增加,中上部固含率受外循环强度影响较小,环隙内固含率随外循环强度增加略有降低. 当导流筒内表观气速Ug,d<0.85 m/s时,固含率径向分布的均匀性沿轴向向上逐渐变好,当Ug,d≥0.85 m/s时,则沿轴向向上先变好,在导流筒出口处又变差;环隙内固含率分布趋于均匀的程度依次为环隙中部>环隙下部>环隙上部. 相同条件下,环流床内固含率分布的径向不均匀指数小于常规流化床.     

Behavior of gas bubbles in a concentric cylindrical airlift column

Using a light transmission optical probe, the effect of superficial gas velocity on bubble properties(bubble size, bubble rising velocity, bubble frequency and local gas holdup) at axial and radial positions was determined in the riser and the downcomer of a concentric cylindrical airlift reactor. The vertical bubble length, the bubble rising velocity and the bubble frequency at axis in the riser increased with increasing superficial gas velocity and the bed height. The radial distribution of the local gas holdup, vertical bubble length and bubble frequency in the riser and the downcomer were found to be non-uniform. The profiles of the local gas holdup, vertical bubble length and bubble rising velocity in the riser were shown as parabolic shapes. The local gas holdup, the vertical bubble length and the bubble frequency in the downcomer changed with superficial gas velocity and the distance from the top of the draft tube.     

三相多室气升式环流反应器气含率的研究

在1个4流道的三相多室气升式环流反应器中,以空气-水-K树脂为体系,采用压差法测量气含率,考察了上升室气体表观速率、固体装载量对上升室与下降室气含率的影响.结果表明:上升室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加而增加,而随着另一上升室气体表观速率增加而略有降低;下降室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加呈现3种变化趋势,而随着另...     

高长径比环流反应器中气、固含率的轴向分布研究

在高长径比(H/D=22.2)内环流反应器中,常温常压下,以空气-水-石英砂为物系,研究了表观气速和固体装载量对平均气含率、下降区气含率、上升区固含率、下降区固含率的影响,以及上升区气含率、固含率随轴向高度的分布规律.结果表明:平均气含率、下降区气含率随着表观气速的增加而增加,随ω(固体)增大而下降,ω(固体)≤2.6...     

CFD analysis of two‐phase turbulent flow in internal airlift reactors

The hydrodynamic performance of three internal airlift reactor configurations was studied by the Eulerian–Eulerian k–ε model for a two‐phase turbulent flow. Comparative evaluation of different drag and lift force coefficient models in terms of liquid velocity in the riser and downcomer and gas holdup in the riser was highlighted. Drag correlations as a function of Eötvös number performed better results in comparison to the drag expressions related to Reynolds number. However, the drag correlation as a function of both Reynolds and Eötvös numbers fitted well with experimental results for the riser gas holdup and downcomer liquid velocity in configurations I and II. Positive lift coefficients increase the liquid velocity and decrease the riser gas holdup, while opposite results were obtained for negative values. By studying the effects of bubble size and their shape, the smaller bubbles provide a lower liquid velocity and a gas holdup. The effects of bubble‐induced turbulence and other non‐drag closure models such as turbulent dispersion and added mass forces were analysed. The gas velocity and gas holdup distributions, liquid velocity in the riser and downcomer, vectors of velocity magnitude and streamlines for liquid phase, the dynamics of gas holdup distribution and turbulent viscosity at different superficial gas velocities for different reactor configurations were computed. The effects of various geometrical parameters such as the draft tube clearance and the ratio of the riser to the downcomer cross‐sectional area on liquid velocities in the riser and the downcomer, the gas velocity and the gas holdup were explored. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

LOCAL HYDRODYNAMICS IN AN EXTERNAL LOOP AIRLIFT SLURRY REACTOR WITH AND WITHOUT A RESISTANCE-REGULATING ELEMENT

The hydrodynamic behavior of an external loop airlift slurry reactor (ALSR) with and without a resistance-regulating element was studied with a fiber optic probe and ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. The influences of the superficial gas velocity and solid holdup on the global gas holdup and radial profiles of the suspension circulation velocity in the downer and of gas holdup, bubble size, and bubble rise velocity in the riser were studied. Local measurements allow a better understanding of the flow behavior in the reactor and can be used for CFD modeling and validation. Experimental results show that the resistance-regulating element increases the gas holdup and decreases the suspension circulation velocity, indicating that an optimum design of the flow resistance is needed to obtain the maximum gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient for a specific superficial gas velocity. A high superficial gas velocity and low solid holdup are favorable for increased uniformity of the radial profile of the gas holdup and bubble rise velocity. Hydrodynamic models that predict the gas holdup and suspension circulation velocity were developed for an ALSR with and without a resistance-regulating element. Good agreement was obtained between measured and predicted values.     

LOCAL HYDRODYNAMICS IN AN EXTERNAL LOOP AIRLIFT SLURRY REACTOR WITH AND WITHOUT A RESISTANCE-REGULATING ELEMENT

The hydrodynamic behavior of an external loop airlift slurry reactor (ALSR) with and without a resistance-regulating element was studied with a fiber optic probe and ultrasound Doppler velocimetry. The influences of the superficial gas velocity and solid holdup on the global gas holdup and radial profiles of the suspension circulation velocity in the downer and of gas holdup, bubble size, and bubble rise velocity in the riser were studied. Local measurements allow a better understanding of the flow behavior in the reactor and can be used for CFD modeling and validation. Experimental results show that the resistance-regulating element increases the gas holdup and decreases the suspension circulation velocity, indicating that an optimum design of the flow resistance is needed to obtain the maximum gas-liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient for a specific superficial gas velocity. A high superficial gas velocity and low solid holdup are favorable for increased uniformity of the radial profile of the gas holdup and bubble rise velocity. Hydrodynamic models that predict the gas holdup and suspension circulation velocity were developed for an ALSR with and without a resistance-regulating element. Good agreement was obtained between measured and predicted values.     

三相多室气升式环流反应器中上升室气含率研究

在一个4流道的多室气升式环流反应器中,以空气-水-K树脂为体系,考察了上升室气体表观速率和固体装载量对上升室气含率的影响。结果表明:上升室的气含率随着该室气体表观速率增加而增加,而随着另一上升室气体表观速率增加而略有降低;上升室的气含率均随固体装载量增加而降低。在鼓泡流下,根据漂流通量模型,建立了上升室的气含率模型;上升室气含率的模型计算值和试验值的平均相对误差为6.429%。     

CFD simulation and experimental measurement of gas holdup and liquid interstitial velocity in internal loop airlift reactor

This paper documents experiments and CFD simulations of the hydrodynamics of our two-phase (water, air) laboratory internal loop airlift reactor (40 l). The experiments and simulations were aimed at obtaining global flow characteristics (gas holdup and liquid interstitial velocity in the riser and in the downcomer) in our particular airlift configurations. The experiments and simulations were done for three different riser tubes with variable length and diameter. Gas (air) superficial velocities in riser were in range from 1 to 7.5 cm/s. Up to three circulation regimes were experimentally observed (no bubbles in downcomer, bubbles in downcomer but not circulating, and finally the circulating regime). The primary goal was to test our CFD simulation setup using only standard closures for interphase forces and turbulence, and assuming constant bubble size is able to capture global characteristics of the flow for our experimental airlift configurations for the three circulation regimes, and if the simulation setup could be later used for obtaining the global characteristic for modified geometries of our original airlift design or for different fluids. The CFD simulations were done in commercial code Fluent 6.3 using algebraic slip mixture multiphase model. The secondary goal was to test the sensitivity of the simulation results to different closures for the drag coefficient and the resulting bubble slip velocity and also for the turbulence. In addition to the simulations done in Fluent, simulation results using different code (CFX 12.1) and different model (full Euler–Euler) are also presented in this paper. The experimental measurements of liquid interstitial velocity in the riser and in the downcomer were done by evaluating the response to the injection of a sulphuric acid solution measured with pH probes. The gas holdup in the riser and downcomer was measured with the U-tube manometer. The results showed that the simulation setup works quite well when there are no bubbles present in the downcomer, and that the sensitivity to the drag closure is rather low in this case. The agreement was getting worse with the increase of gas holdup in the downcomer. The use of different multiphase model in the different code (CFX) gave almost the same results as the Fluent simulations.