Cu离子和Al离子注入M2钢表面改性研究

报道了M2型高速工具钢在Cu,Al离子注入后表面硬度及抗磨损性的变化。对注入样品进行了显微硬度及抗磨损性的测量和XRD与RBS分析,观察了表面强化与离子注入条件之间的关系。结果显示,注入样品与未注入样品相比,表面硬度及抗磨损性均有显著提高。分析结果表明,Cu,Al离子注入后样品中产生了不同的相,它们对表面强化所起的作用不同。     

高能离子注入对聚酰亚胺薄膜硬度的影响

报道了聚酰亚胺薄膜在高能（６５０ｋｅＶ－２ＭｅＶ）Ｂ＾＋、Ｃ＾＋和Ｃｕ＾＋离子注入后硬度的变化。对注入样品进行了显微硬度测量和ＸＰＳ及ＲＢＳ分析，观察了硬度与离子种类、能量及注入剂量的依赖关系。结果表明，离子注入之后薄膜样品的显微硬度值明显提高，注入离子在样品中的电子能量损失对聚合物材料改性起着关键作用。ＸＰＳ和ＲＢＳ分析显示，离子注入之后聚酰亚胺薄膜中Ｃ的含量增加，形成了以苯环结构为主的新的交联     

C、Co及C+Co双注入对高速钢机械性能影响的研究

采用ＭＥＶＶＡ源离子注入机对高速工具钢进行了Ｃ,Ｃｏ及Ｃ＋Ｃｏ注入,并做了硬度,摩擦系数测量和磨损实验,Ｃ离子注入剂量３×１０＾１７ｃｍ＾－２能量６０ｋｅＶ,Ｃｏ离子注入剂量为２×１０＾１７,４×１０＾１７,６×１０＾１７ｃｎ＾－２能量１０２ｋｅＶ。结果表明,不同元素,不同剂量的离子注入均能有效地改善ＨＳＳ的硬度和摩擦磨损特性,从而极大延长ＨＳＳ的工作寿命,且随着注入剂量的增加,改善的效果有所增强     

离子注入α—Al2O3陶瓷材料的表面改性研究

研究了α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３单晶注入Ｎ＾＋后的力学性能变化。结果表明，注入剂量为１×１０＾１７Ｎ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２时，Ａｌ２Ｏ３的显微硬度提高了９２％，注入剂量为３×１０＾１７Ｎ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２时，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３表面形成晶层，导致表面软化，显微硬度只是其５０％左右。离子注入在样品表面产生了高达－１１５０ＭＰａ的压应力，材料的断裂韧性的改善与此有关，实验亦发现Ｎ＾＋离子注入后Ａｌ２Ｏ３的断裂韧性提高了９５％左右。     

大剂量P^＋离子注入单晶硅的研究

采用４８０ｋｅＶ Ｐ＾＋离子注入单晶硅，注入剂量为１×１０＾１６ｃｍ＾－２。采用ＲＢＳ、ＴＥＭ技术测试样品，发现样品经６００℃退火后，距样品表面约２４０ｎｍ处有一条低密度缺陷带。研究表明，这一现象与Ｐ＾＋的剂量及退火温度有关。     

铝合金、钛合金的全方位离子注入与沉积复合处理工艺研究

铝合金、钛合金等材料具有许多优良性能，广泛用于航空、航天、舰艇及能源化工等工业部门，但是这两种材料的耐磨损性能较差。本研究利用了全方位离子注入与沉积（PIII＆D）技术来强化处理这些合金表面，采用离子注入＋过渡层＋耐磨损层的复合强化处理工艺，通过摩擦磨损试验来研究不同的过渡层结构和厚度对磨损性能的影响。实验结果表明，通过优化过渡层结构和厚度，耐磨损性能有了很大的提高。     

荷电离子轰击靶材料损伤潜径迹的原子水平观测研究

叙述了用扫描隧道显微镜和原子力显微镜观测研究荷电离子轰击靶材料的损伤潜径迹的状况和进展，观测研究了Ａｕ离子和Ｈ＾＋轰击高定向石墨的ＳＴＭ。给出了损伤形貌、损伤范围、表面损伤数密度和离子注入剂量的关系，并对损伤过程进行了分析和讨论。     

低能氮离子注入固态甘氨酸剩余产物的研究

采用２０ｋｅＶ Ｎ＾＋注入固态甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）薄膜。对注入样品的α粒子透射能谱以及样品溶于水后溶液的电导率和氨基含量的测量，揭示了低能离子注入的损伤作用具有饱和性。ＸＰＳ测量表明低能Ｎ＾＋注入Ｇｌｙ后形成了多种损伤产物，其中Ｃ、Ｎ元素的结合能变化较大，而Ｏ元素所处的化学环境变化很小。     

TiHx中H的热释放行为研究

对吸附法制备的ＴｉＨｘ进行升温加热处理，发现温度大于３４３℃时样品中用Ｈ才有明显的释放现象，对在３４３℃下保温不同时间间隔的样品，用３ＭｅＶ＾４Ｈｅ弹性前冲测量法得出了样吕表面Ｈ的深度分布和含量，发现表面的Ｃ沾污对Ｈ具有强烈的捕陷作用。     

钛离子注入9Cr18钢的强流脉冲电子束后处理

对９Ｃｒ１８钢经Ｔｉ＾＋离子注入后又使用脉冲强流电子束进行了表面辐照处理用ＡＥＳ分析了注入层的成分，考查了电子束处理前后的硬度，并讨论了脉冲强流电子对离子注入金属材料表面成分产生辐照增强扩散的影响。     

γ射线辐照对超高分子量聚乙烯片材机械性能和结晶度的影响

采用钴源以剂量率为2.5 k Gy·h~(-1)的γ射线对超高分子量聚乙烯(Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene,UHMWPE)片材在空气、水、甲醇和乙醇氛围中进行了辐照,吸收剂量范围为0 200 k Gy。通过机械性能、凝胶含量、差示扫描量热仪(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer,FTIR)等对不同辐照氛围中辐照前后UHMWPE样品进行了测试和表征。机械性能测试结果表明,在空气中UHMWPE的断裂伸长率随吸收剂量呈幂指数下降,同时屈服强度略有下降,而在水、甲醇、乙醇为辐照体系中UHMWPE的断裂伸长率随吸收剂量也是呈下降趋势,但下降的程度依次减轻,同时屈服强度基本保持不变;DSC测试结果显示,在空气氛围中,随着吸收剂量的增加,UHMWPE样品的初始熔融温度、熔点、结晶温度和结晶度逐渐降低;而在空气、水、甲醇和乙醇氛围中,UHMWPE样品的初始熔融温度、熔点和结晶度依次上升;红外光谱测试结果显示在空气中辐照,UHMWPE样品表面随着吸收剂量的增加其氧化程度加重,而在水、甲醇和乙醇中辐照UHMWPE分子链生成了不饱和的分子双键。     

Experimental Study on Material Surface Modification of Tool Steel

This paper presents the surface temperature behavior of M42 high-speed tool steel samples during N^ implantation in an industrialized GLZ-100 metal-ion implantation machine.A detail study has been made on the parameters of N^ implantation.Optimized technical parameters have been preseted.The microhardness of the sample surface implanted under these parameters has been increased by a factor of 2.3.and the wear-resistance has been improved by about 5.4 times.The research on the mechanism of surface modification of M42 steel by nitrogen ion implantation has also been made.     

用于材料表面强化处理的第三代多功能PⅢ装置

第三代多功能等离子体浸没离子注入（PⅢ）装置的强流脉冲阴极弧金属等离子体源既具有强的镀膜功能，同时也具有强的金属离子注入功能；它的脉冲高压电源能输出大的电流；并可获得高的注入剂量均匀性。该装置既能执行离子注入，又能把离子注入与溅射沉积，镀膜结合在一起，形成多种综合笥表面改性工艺。本文描述了它的主要设计原则、主要部件的特性以及近期的研究工作成果。     

Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on Microstructure and Improvement of Titanium Corrosion Resistance

In the present study the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the structure of titanium surface and corrosion resistance have been investigated. In this experiment 30 keV nitrogen ion beam of 1 × 10¹⁸ to 5 × 10¹⁸ ions/cm² fluence was used. Crystalline structure of the different samples was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The roughness variations before and after implantation were observed by atomic force microscopy. The corrosion test was used to compare the corrosion resistance of titanium before and after ion implantation. The surface morphology of the samples after corrosion test was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that nitrogen ion implantation has a substantial effect on the improvement of titanium resistance against corrosion.     

The dependence of the high temperature mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels on implanted helium

High temperature helium embrittlement effects on the creep properties of AISI 316 SS (solution annealed + aged) and DIN 1.4970 SS (solution annealed + cold worked + aged) have been investigated. The generation of helium due to (n. α) nuclear reactions in a fusion reactor environment has been simulated by homogeneous helium implantation at a cyclotron. The creep rupture tests with various applied tensile stresses have been carried out at 1023 K. (316 SS) and 1079 K (1.4970 SS). respectively, with four differently treatly sets of samples: (1) unimplanted controls; (2) after room temperature implantation of 100 appm He; (3) after implantation of 100 appm He at test temperature; (4) creep tested at high temperature during implantation (“in-beam”) with implantation rates of 10–100 appm He/b. In contrast to the ductile behaviour with transgranular failure of the unimplanted controls, all He-implanted samples showed brittle, intergranular early failure. The embrittlement effect was enhanced for the “in-beam” tested samples. The difference between the different treated sets of samples can be related to different bubble microstructures investigated by TEM. In addition, a comparison to reactor data for the DIN 1.4970 SS is presented.     

Mass Deposition,Etching and Sputtering Effects of Low-Energy N~+ Ion Irradiation on Solid Fly Ash

Fly ash is an industrial waste created when coal is burned to generate electrical power. In the present study, we used low-energy nitrogen ion implantation on fly ash to improve its surface properties. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） were used to study the changes of physical and chemical properties of fly ash after N＋ ion implantation, and the mechanism of fly ash modified by ion implantation. In the optimal implantation with energy of 5 keV and dose Of 15D0, the ion beam could effectively increase the specific surface area （approximately 150% increase） of the fly ash. Lots of scratches were generated in the surface of the fly ash after N＋ ion implantation, therefore it is good for enhancing the specific surface area. Experimental results show that the ion implantation could open the chemical bonds of Si-O, Si-A1 and Al-O, and deposit nitrogen ions on the surface of fly ash.     

C+Ti双离子注入H13钢抗腐蚀结构的分析

利用阳极化扫描方法测量了C＋Ti双离子高剂量注入H13钢样品在NaAc/HAc缓冲液（pH=5.6)中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,双离子注入明显地降低样品的峰值电流密度,改善样品的耐腐蚀性能;Ti离子的注入剂量越高,样品的耐腐蚀性能越好。在0.1mol/L NaCl溶液中点蚀实验结果表明,离子注入后样品的点蚀电位提高75mV,耐点蚀性能明显改善。TEM和SEM结果表明,注入样品的表面形成了一层晶粒细化层,从而减少了腐蚀坑的形核位置,阻止腐蚀的进一步进行,提高了样品的耐蚀性。     

Comparison of High-Energy He+ and D+ Irradiation Impact on Tungsten Surface in the IR-IECF Device

Polycrystalline tungsten specimens were irradiated in the Iranian Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion device (IR-IECF) by high energy (~100 keV) and high fluency (~10¹⁹ ions/cm²) helium and deuterium plasma to investigate the implantation impact of high energetic ions on tungsten as a candidate for fusion first wall material. Comparison of the exposure by He and D₂ plasma and influence of high temperature (~1,100 °C) implantation of each ion has been examined. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate surface morphology changes for various ion fluencies. Results showed the onset of visible surface pores formation especially for helium implanted samples which increased with higher implant fluencies, eventually resulting in a rough and flaky surface structure, unlike deuterium implanted samples on which smoothening of the surface occurred. Microhardness measurements were used to evaluate mechanical properties of implanted tungsten. Each specimen sustained surface hardening after implantation which was observed to increase with greater ion dose. The phase formation and structural evolution were studied by X-ray diffractometry method.     

Ta离子注入Ti6Al4V合金的抗腐蚀性能

用注量为1.2×1016、3×1016、1.5×1017、3×1017、4.5×1017/cm2的Ta离子对Ti6Al4V合金进行表面改性,加速电压为146.5 keV。Ta离子注入后,用动电位极化曲线研究其抗Hank’s溶液腐蚀性能,用小角掠射X射线衍射研究其表面物相结构,用X射线光电子能谱分析其腐蚀样品的表面元素化合态。结果表明,Ta离子注入改善了Ti6Al4V合金抗Hank’s溶液腐蚀性能,但试样的腐蚀电流密度并非随Ta离子注量增加而单调减小,试样表面合金层、单质Ta和氧化物,共同形成腐蚀阻挡层,提高其抗腐蚀性能。     

Corrosion Resistance Modification of AISI 304 Stainless Steel Using Argon Ion Bombardment

Ion implantation has been widely used as a surface modification technique to improve surface properties. In this work, argon ions of 30 keV energy have been implanted into AISI 304 stainless steel at different fluences ranging from 3 × 10¹⁷ to 1 × 10¹⁸ Ar⁺/cm². The surface bombardment with inert gases mainly produces structural changes and modify topography and morphology of the surface. The AFM analysis of implanted samples clearly shows significant change in surface. In order to evaluate the effect of the ion bombardment on the corrosion behavior, potentiodynamic tests were performed. The results show that the corrosion resistance of the samples strongly depends on the implantation fluences.