挤压-弯曲一体化成型铝合金弯曲型材的质量与性能

通过改造传统挤压机,增加弯曲装置,对铝合金型材进行挤压-弯曲一体化成型,研究了辊轮半径和辊轮移动速度对成型质量的影响,基于有限元模拟获得了辊轮半径和辊轮移动速度等最佳工艺参数。结果表明:当型材挤出速度与辊轮移动速度相同时,铝合金型材的成型性较好;挤压-弯曲一体化成型工艺避免了传统拉弯工艺存在的回弹、表面划伤和截面变形等缺陷,提高了弯曲型材力学性能的均匀性。     

铝合金铅封冷挤压成型的数值模拟及设计优化

提出一种新型铝合金铅封的冷挤压成型方法,并分析影响其成型后铅封质量的设计因素。利用DEFORM-2D对成型过程进行数值模拟,观察上模具处于不同行程时铅封的等效应力、等效应变分布及行程载荷曲线变化,得到了成型过程的两个典型阶段和铅封的高应力/应变区。通过改变铅封丝孔的垂直位置进行模拟,对比了三种不同铅封设计方案下,冷挤压过程中等效应力、等效应变和行程载荷曲线的变化,为合理设计铅封坯料提供了依据。     

基于Deform-3D的螺旋挤压与扭转挤压模拟对比分析

基于刚塑性有限元理论,应用Deform-3D软件对T2纯铜坯料在螺旋挤压和扭转挤压下的成形过程进行模拟对比分析,具体包括两种成形工艺下载荷的挤压行程曲线、坯料的等效应变与温度场,以及模具的磨损情况。结果表明,螺旋挤压成形工艺较为方便,在条件允许的情况下能增大坯料的变形量。     

球形件液压拉深液压力行程曲线的建立

液压力行程曲线是液压拉深工艺的重要参数之一。该曲线确定的准确与否 ,决定了液压拉深工艺的成败。本文利用有限元数值模拟方法模拟了球形件液压拉深过程 ,得到了球形件的液压力行程曲线。通过比较 ,认为该液压力行程曲线是较符合实际拉深过程的。     

螺旋扁管挤压成形设备设计及有限元分析

针对螺旋扁管模具挤压成形时管壁减薄、生产灵活性差及效率低等不足,设计了对轧辊同步扭转挤压成形设备。并采用DEFORM-3D软件,对挤压成形过程模拟,得到了截面变形过程应变分布及行程-轴向推力变化,对不同进给速度、摩擦系数和轧辊半径对推力影响进行模拟分析。研究结果表明,摩擦系数和进给速度增大时,轴向推力也随之变大,随着轧辊半径的增大轴向推力小幅减小。该设备的设计和成形理论研究,对实际设计、工艺参数选取具有一定的指导意义和实用价值。     

摩擦因数与模角对扭转挤压模具影响的研究

为了优化扭转挤压模具,基于刚塑性有限元理论,应用Deform-3D软件对T2纯铜坯料在扭转挤压下的成形过程进行数值模拟,对比分析了不同摩擦因数与模角情况下,载荷的挤压行程曲线、坯料的等效应变和模具的磨损。结果表明,增大摩擦因数与模角均可增大坯料的变形量,且增大模角效果更明显。     

等通道弯角挤压变形机理分析与工艺路线研究

等通道弯角挤压(ECAP)过程是目前制备块状超细晶粒材料(亚微米或纳米微观结构材料)最具工业前景的工艺之一,研究ECAP变形机理从而开发出具有工程化和商品化价值的工艺具有十分重要的意义。通过塑性成形软件DEFORM-3D对目前出现的多拐角ECAP以及连续ECAP等新工艺进行数值模拟,研究了各工艺挤压过程中等效应变的历史演化以及载荷-行程曲线的变化。根据有限元模拟结果,分析了各工艺挤压过程中晶粒细化机理和变形优缺点。分析结果可对ECAP新工艺的模具设计、工艺参数拟定以及挤压工艺规划提供理论指导。     

雷达波导件塑性成形工艺分析及有限元数值模拟

以雷达上的波导件为研究对象,针对传统加工工艺的缺点以及工件形状特点,提出挤压成形工艺方案。利用有限元分析软件DEFORM对该工件的关键成形工序—反挤压过程进行刚塑性有限元数值模拟研究。通过数值模拟,观察到在不同压下测量时毛坯的等效应力、等效应变云图及挤压力与行程图,得到其金属流动规律,为合理设计模具和验证工艺提供依据。     

6066铝合金热挤压变形行为研究

采用有限元技术模拟了6066铝合金热挤压过程,系统分析了挤压比和摩擦系数对铝合金变形区的流动行为、应变分布及挤压载荷的影响,并通过实验研究了挤压参数对铝合金的组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:挤压比对材料变形区的应变的影响较大,随挤压比的增大,材料的塑性应变很快增大,晶粒细化越明显,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率也显著提高。随摩擦系数的增大,材料的塑性应变及挤压载荷越大,应变分布的均匀性变差。     

雷达波导件塑性成形工艺分析及有限元数值模拟

本文以雷达上的波导件为研究对象，针对传统加工工艺的缺点以及工件的形状特点，提出挤压成形工艺方案。利用有限元分析软件DEFORM对该工件的关键成形工序——反挤压过程进行刚塑性有限元数值模拟研究。通过数值模拟，观察在不同压下量时毛坯的等效应力、等效应变云图及挤压力与行程图，得到金属流动规律，为合理设计模具和难工艺提供依据。     

矩形花键轴冷挤压的数值模拟分析

采用金属成形有限元分析软件DEFORM,模拟CG125摩托车发动机主轴的矩形花键冷挤压成形过程,得到挤压过程中的模具受力图及坯料的应力分布图.结合数值计算的结果,探讨冷挤压过程中的塌角与金属堆积现象.工艺实验表明,该冷挤压工艺与模具设计合理,数值模拟分析对冷挤压模具设计具有一定的指导意义.     

Optimal design of an extrusion process for a hinge bracket

This study considers process design in forming a hinge bracket. A thin hinge bracket is typically produced by bending a sheet panel or welding a hollow bar into a sheet panel. However, the hinge bracket made by bending or welding does not have sufficient durability in severe operating conditions because of the stress concentration in the bended region or the low corrosion resistance of the welded region. Therefore, this study uses forming to produce the hinge bracket part of a foldable container and to ensure durability in difficult operating conditions. An extrusion process for a T-shaped hinge bracket is studied using finite element analysis. Preliminary analysis shows that a very high forging load is required to form the bracket by forging. Therefore, extrusion is considered as a candidate process. Producing the part through the extrusion process enables many brackets to be made in a single extrusion and through successive cutting of the extruded part, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost. The design focuses on reducing the extrusion load and on ensuring shape accuracy. An initial billet is designed to reduce the extrusion load and to obtain a geometrically accurate part. The extruded part is bent frequently because of uneven material flow. Thus, extrusion die geometries are designed to obtain straight parts.

     

NEM-FEM comparison on porthole die extrusion of AA-6082

Porthole die extrusion is a forming process used to manufacture hollow components with different shapes. This forming process is optimized to improve the welding line quality. Process optimization can be achieved by determining the influences that each process parameter has on the pressure along the welding plane. The construction complexity of the die results in research difficulty from an experimental point of view. Even the finite element method (FEM) presents relevant drawbacks primarily because of numerical codes are not capable of simulating the welding phase. Hence, the natural element method (NEM), which allows the joining phase of free surfaces, presents significant advantages. In this work, experimental results obtained using a flexible porthole die are discussed. A suitable 2D geometry was extracted from the die, and both FEM and NEM were conducted. A good agreement among the numerical results was recorded.     

颤振冷挤压降载机理与仿真研究

针对金属冷挤压成形过程中金属变形抗力大、设备吨位高而普遍振动形式降载效果不理想的问题,将颤振激励技术引入金属冷挤压成形过程中。从表面效应角度分析了颤振激励下的金属冷挤压成形过程中摩擦力的变化规律,阐明了颤振降载的基本原理。以万向节轴套零件为例,分别讨论分析了传统冷挤压模式和颤振激励冷挤压模式下的挤压力数学模型,从理论上说明了颤振冷挤压的降载机理,进一步应用Deform-3D软件建立了其有限元分析模型,对万向节轴套零件进行了受载和模具寿命分析。仿真实验结果表明,在100 Hz频率0.03 mm振幅的周期性颤振激励下,万向节轴套零件的冷挤压过程最大成形压力下降8.3%,最终成形压力下降10.1%;冲头单次最大磨损量下降,但凹模单次最大磨损量有一定程度的增加。     

铝合金轴固定件热挤压成形的有限体积法模拟研究

由于变形剧烈，复杂铝型材挤压成形有限元模拟会因网格不断重划分而精度欠佳。文中基于可以有效避免网格重划分难题的有限体积法，对铝合金门轴固定产品的热挤压过程进行数值模拟，详细分析挤压成形中各个阶段金属流动情况以及应力、应变、温度、速度等场量的分布变化情况。棒料进人模口至完全流出工作带这段时间是型材挤压最为困难的阶段，材料在工作带处的应力、应变最大，温度最高，因而对模具工作带处造成的磨损也最为严重。进人到最终稳定挤压阶段时挤压方向金属流速计算值与理论挤出速度吻合很好。模拟结果表明所用有限体积法是有效的，可以为铝型材挤压的模具设计与工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。     

An analytical solution for the spread extrusion of shaped sections

Spread extrusion could be used for manufacturing of wide profiles in the extrusion industry. In this paper a new method of design and analysis has been presented for such a problem. Special dies were designed for profiled sections such as square, rectangular, elliptical and cross shapes. These dies force the material to flow sideways and spread so as to extrude sections with wider dimensions than the initial billet or the maximum container diameter. The geometry of the deforming zone in the die was formulated and based upon that, a kinematically admissible velocity field was derived. Using this velocity, we estimated the field upper bound on extrusion power. Profile sections with different aspect ratios were investigated and the influence of other process parameters such as friction and reduction of area on the extrusion pressure were studied. Optimum die lengths for each die were calculated so as to minimize the extrusion pressure. Finite element analysis for the numerical simulation of the process was also carried out. The finite element results were also used as an aid to the design process of the extrusion dies. Dies were manufactured for different sections such as square, rectangle, and ellipse and cross shapes. Experiments were carried out to obtain data to verify the theory. Comparison of the results showed good agreement between the theoretical, numerical and experimental data. It was concluded the present method could be used to design dies for the spread extrusion of different shaped dies.     

Die design optimization for axisymmetric hot extrusion of metal matrix composites

Strain rate sensitive materials such as Ti alloys, superplastic materials and metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be deformed only in very narrow range of strain rate. In this work, a new process design method for controlling strain rate in workpiece during hot extrusion process is proposed. In this approach, a coupled numerical approach of finite element analysis and optimization technique to optimal profiled die which yields more uniform strain rate distribution in the deforming region is applied to the hot extrusion process of MMCs. Extrusion die profiles are defined by Bezier curves, and FPS (flexible polyhedron search) method is used as optimization technique. The change of relative deviation of strain rate, the progressive development of die profiles with increase of iteration for optimization and the corresponding strain rate distributions are investigated. In addition, the die profiles by optimization scheme for different extrusion ratios are compared with those by analytical solution.     

锥齿轮冷挤压成形加工数值模拟研究

为了解决人工设计锥齿轮冷挤压模具过度依赖经验的问题,将数值模拟应用到锥齿轮模具设计中。设计了一套用于冷挤压加工锥齿轮的三层组合凹模,制定了相应的工艺措施,利用Deform-3D软件对锥齿轮的冷挤压加工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了加工过程中的载荷曲线、速度场、应力场和温度场,获得了有关锥齿轮变形规律的基本情况。研究结果表明,通过改善润滑条件、优化模具几何参数可以提高冷挤压加工锥齿轮的成形质量,并对锥齿轮冷挤压加工工艺流程定制、模具设计具有一定的指导意义。     

The use of generalised deformation boundaries for the analysis of axisymmetric extrusion through curved dies

A generalised kinematically admissible velocity field is derived for axisymmetric extrusion through curved dies by employing rigid-plastic boundaries expressed in terms of arbitrarily chosen continuous functions. The corresponding upper-bound extrusion pressure is related directly to boundary functions for the plastically deforming region when the die shape, lubrication condition and material characteristics of the billet are given. The proposed method of analysis makes it possible to predict the deformation pattern as well as extrusion pressure. In computation a third-order polynomial is chosen for the die boundary and the bounding function for the plastic region is chosen to be a fourth-order polynomial. The workhardening effect is considered in the formulation. The plastic boundaries as well as stream lines are affected by various process parameters. The theory predicts the relatively faster axial flow at the center than near the die boundary for greater friction factor even with the same die shape. The effects of area reduction and die length are also discussed in relation to extrusion pressure and deformation. Experiments are carried out for steel billets at room temperature. Deformation patterns are measured for several area reductions by the photoetching technique and the extrusion pressure is measured using a load-cell. The predicted extrusion pressure is in excellent agreement with the value computed by the finite element method. The deformation patterns agree well with the experimental observation.