LLDPE／纳米SiO2复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用超声波分散，偶联剂对纳米SiO2进行了表面改性，用共混法制备了LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料，系统研究了该种新型复合材料的静态，动态力学性能和红外吸收性能，并与球磨机分散，偶联剂表面处理的纳米SiO2制备的LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料进行了对比。结果表明，纳米SiO2对LLDPE具有一定的增强，增韧作用；复合材料的贮能模量和损耗模量随SiO2含量的增加而增大，阻尼在-15-30℃范围内逐渐降低；复合材料的红外吸收能力较LLDPE明显提高，不同的分散，表面处理方法对纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性能影响不同。仅填加3份纳米SiO2时，常规分散，表面处理方法比基体树脂的红外吸收性能提高了42.5%。超声波分散，偶联剂表面处理方法比基体树脂提高了106.7%。     

m-LLDPE/nano-SiO2复合材料的性能和形态结构研究

采用沉降法对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,用熔融共混法制备了m-LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料.研究了该复合材料的力学性能和光学性能.结果表明：随着纳米SiO2的加入,其复合材料的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度呈峰形变化,断裂伸长率略有下降.当加入少量的纳米SiO2后,复合材料的红外线吸收能力较m-LLDPE明显提高;此外,m-LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料的可见光透过率有所降低,雾度却有明显的先上升后下降趋势     

m-LLDPE／纳米SiO2的力学性能和光学性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了m-LLDPE／纳米SiO2复合材料，并对该体系的力学性能和光学性能进行了系统研究。结果表明，纳米SiO2对m-LLDPE具有一定的增强、增韧作用。复合材料的红外吸收能力较m-LLDPE明显提高，此外，m-LLDPE／纳米SiO2复合材料的可见光透光度有所降低，雾度却有明显的上升。通过SEM电镜得出，表面处理方法对纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性能有显著影响。     

m-LLDPE/nano-SiO_2复合材料的性能和形态结构研究

采用沉降法对纳米SiO2进行表面处理,用熔融共混法制备了m-LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料。研究了该复合材料的力学性能和光学性能。结果表明:随着纳米SiO2的加入,其复合材料的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度呈峰形变化,断裂伸长率略有下降。当加入少量的纳米SiO2后,复合材料的红外线吸收能力较m-LLDPE明显提高;此外,m-LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料的可见光透过率有所降低,雾度却有明显的先上升后下降趋势。通过SEM得出,表面处理对纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性有显著的改善。     

m-LLDPE/纳米SiO_2的力学性能和光学性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了m-LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料,并对该体系的力学性能和光学性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,纳米SiO2对m-LLDPE具有一定的增强、增韧作用。复合材料的红外吸收能力较m-LLDPE明显提高,此外,m-LLDPE/纳米SiO2复合材料的可见光透光度有所降低,雾度却有明显的上升。通过SEM电镜得出,表面处理方法对纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性能有显著影响。     

纳米SiO2填充PE-LLD复合材料的热稳定性和热氧稳定性研究

采用TG法研究了纳米SiO2含量、界面特性对纳米SiO2填充PE—LLD复合材料热降解和热氧降解性能的影响，并用Dole-Ozawa方法研究了体系的热降解动力学。结果表明：复合材料热降解和热氧降解温度均随纳米SiO2含量的增加而提高，后者提高更为显著。硅烷偶联剂表面改性纳米SiO2填充PE—LLD体系中加入大分子相容剂PE-LLD-g-MAH后，其热稳定性和热氧稳定性均优于未加PE-LLD-g-MAH体系。此外，纳米SiO2含量对复合材料热降解表观活化能Ea影响较大，填充体系的平均热降解表观活化能比基体明显提高，且随着SiO2含量增加而增大；界面特性对Ea的影响较小。     

填充改性线性低密度聚乙烯性能研究

分别采用Al2O3,SiO2和高岭土改性线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE),测试了改性LLDPE复合材料的力学性能和耐磨性.结果表明:Al2O3,SiO2和高岭土的加入均使改性LLDPE复合材料的拉伸强度、硬度和弯曲强度提高,但使其冲击强度下降;随着填料用量的增加,改性LLDPE复合材料的磨损率呈现先下降后上升的趋势,其中Al2O3对改性LLDPE复合材料的磨损率降低效果最佳;填料的加入使改性LLDPE复合材料的摩擦因数提高;随载荷增加,改性LLDPE复合材料的磨损率提高,但其摩擦因数下降.     

HDPE/LLDPE/OMMT纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用直接注射法制备HDPE/LLDPE/OMMT纳米复合材料,采用透射电子显微镜研究 HDPE/LLDPE/0MMT纳米复合材料的微观结构,研究有机蒙脱土含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响.透射电子显微镜结果显示,制备的HDPE/LLDPE/OMMT纳米复合材料是一种半剥离型的纳米复合材料.结果表明:蒙脱土的加入大大提高了纳米复合材料的力学性能和热变形温度.当有机蒙脱土质量含量仅为6%时,屈服强度和拉伸模量分别提高14.0%和59.7%,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别提高了14.2%和60.O%.     

碳化硅-线性低密度聚乙烯导热复合材料的制备与性能

用粉末共混-模压成型法制备碳化硅/线性低密度聚乙烯(SiC/LLDPE)导热复合材料,探讨了SiC和偶联剂处理对复合材料导热性能和力学性能的影响.结果表明复合材料的导热系数随SiC用量的增加而增加,当SiC的体积分数为30.4%时,复合材料的导热系数为0.8233 W/(m·K),为纯LLDPE的2倍多;拉伸强度则随SiC填充量的增加而显著下降.当SiC填充量为一定值时,表面改性使SiC在LLDPE基体中的分散状态得到改善,拉伸强度和导热性能得到进一步提高,当NDZ-105用量为3%质量分数时,复合材料性能最佳.SiC的加人使LLDPE材料由韧性断裂转变为脆性断裂,SiC的加入影响了LLDPE的熔融温度和结晶度.     

纳米SiO2对无卤阻燃LLDPE/PDMS交联共混体系性能的影响

分别采用高乙烯基含量硅橡胶（PDMS）及其混炼胶（PDMS—SiO2）与线型低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）进行熔融共混，制备了两种热塑性交联共混物；并通过添加阻燃母料（FM）分别制得两种阻燃交联共混物。比较研究了纳米SiO2对LLDPE／PDMS和LLDPE／PDMS／FM两种交联共混体系的力学性能和阻燃性能影响。结果表明：纳米SiO2对LLDPE／PDMS交联共混体系的力学性能无改善效果，而对LIDPE／PDMs／FM阻燃交联共混体系具有一定的增强作用；纳米SiO2均降低两种交联共混体系的阻燃性能。通过比较残炭率和观察残留炭层的结构形态，分析了两种胶料产生不同阻燃效果的原因，并进一步探讨了燃烧残炭率和炭层结构形态对材料阻燃性能的影响。     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Wet Milling of Fe/Al/Al2O3 and Fe2O3/Al/Al2O3 Powder Mixtures

Wet milling of Al₂O₃-aluminide alloy (3A) precursor powders in acetone has been investigated by milling Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures. The influence of the milling process on the physical and chemical properties of the milled powders has been studied. Particle refinement and homogenization were found not to play a dominant role, whereas plastic deformation of the metal particles leads to the formation of dislocations and a highly disarranged polycrystalline structure. Although no chemical reactions among the powder components in Fe₂O₃/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures were observed, the formation of a nanocrystalline, ordered intermetallic FeAl phase in Fe/Al/Al₂O₃ powder mixtures caused by mechanical alloying was detected. Chemical reactions of Fe and Al particle surfaces with the atmosphere and the milling media lead to the formation of highly porous hydroxides on the particle surfaces. Hence the specific surface area of the powders increases, while the powder density decreases during milling. The fraction of Fe oxidized during milling was determined to be 0.13. The fraction of Al oxidized during milling strongly depends on the metal content of the powder mixture. It ranges between 0.4 and 0.8.     

Participation of lewis base on vinyl chloride polymerization with Al(C2H5)3CCl4 catalyst system

The polymerization of vinyl chloride has been investigated using an $\text{Al}\text{(}\text{C}{}_2\text{H}{}_5\text{)}{}_3\text{CCl}{}_4$ catalyst system in the presence of various Lewis bases. Effective Lewis bases are γ-butyrolactone, diglyme and diethylenetriamine which are multidentate. The rate of polymerization is dependent not only on the basicity of the Lewis base used but also on a coordination number of one. The latter is the predominant factor. For the effect of polymeric amines, a tentative hypothesis is discussed.     

Sintering of Si3N4-Y2O3-Al2O3

Sintering kinetics of the system Si₃N4-Y2O₃-Al₂O3 were determined from measurements of the linear shrinkage of pressed disks sintered isothermally at 1500° to 1700°C. Amorphous and crystalline Si₃N₄ were studied with additions of 4 to 17 wt% Y₂O₃ and 4 wt% A1₂O₃. Sintering occurs by a liquid-phase mechanism in which the kinetics exhibit the three stages predicted by Kingery's model. However, the rates during the second stage of the process are higher for all compositions than predicted by the model. X-ray data show the presence of several transient phases which, with sufficient heating, disappear leaving mixtures of β ' -Si₃N₄ and glass or β '-Si₃N₄, α '-Si₃N₄, and glass. The compositions and amounts of the residual glassy phases are estimated.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33C and Ti0.33Ta0.33Nb0.33CxN1-x Whiskers

Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C and Ta_0.33Ti_0.33Nb_0.33C _x N_{1− x} whiskers were synthesized via a carbothermal vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism in the temperature range 900°-1450°C in Ar or N₂. The optimum temperature was 1250°C. Whiskers were obtained in a yield of 70-90 vol%. The whiskers were 0.5–1 µm in diameter and 10–30 µm in length. The starting materials that produced the highest whisker yield were: TiO₂, Ta₂O₅, Nb₂O₅, C, Ni, and NaCl. C was added to reduce the oxides, and Ni to catalyze whisker growth. NaCl was used as a source of Cl for vapor-phase transportation of Ta and Nb oxochlorides and Ti chlorides to the catalyst. The catalyst metal was recycled several times during the synthesis and was transported as NiCl₂( g ) according to thermodynamic calculations. The rate of formation and the chemical composition of the whiskers depended on the synthesis temperature, the choice of catalyst, and the atmosphere. At low temperatures, the whiskers were enriched in Nb and Ta, whereas the Ti content increased with increased synthesis temperature.