Is it Worth the Money? The Functionality of Engineered Shallow Stream Banks as Habitat for Juvenile Fishes in Heavily Modified Water Bodies

Heavily modified water bodies (HMWB) are characterized by monotonous and straightened channel morphologies with high degrees of bank enforcement. They often lack shallow bank habitats, which are considered important for critical life stages of fishes. In this study, three principle options to engineer shallow stream zones were assessed concerning the value of the created habitats for larval, juvenile and adult stages of fishes in 30 sites from three HMWB. The construction scheme of the juvenile habitats comprised different degrees of embankment ranging from rip‐rap structures with steep bank angles to almost nature‐like construction schemes with very flat river‐banks and sparing usage of structural enrichment such as boulders and dead wood. In general, the differences between the three habitat types were more pronounced in density of different life stages than in the presence or absence of species or certain life stages. A steep bank angle and a high degree of engineering such as placement of rip‐rap embankment, boulders or dead wood structure in the habitats were hardly accepted by early larval and juvenile stages of rheophilic fishes. In contrast, the construction scheme of a nature‐like habitat with a flat bank angle (<10%), low water depth (mean = 24 cm) and a sparing usage of coarse woody debris (CWD) and boulders had the highest success. Other investigated habitat types did not provide additional benefit, neither in terms of supporting additional species and life stages, nor in high individual numbers and should thus only be implemented when land for restoration is scarce and nature‐like habitats cannot be realized. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄河下游滩区洪水风险分析及减灾措施研究

黄河下游滩区洪水漫滩灾害频发,作为防洪非工程措施的洪水风险分析对于指导黄河下游滩区实施防洪减灾措施有着重要的意义。针对黄河下游滩区呈现“二级悬河”的不利局面及下游洪水泥沙含量大的特点,采用基于GIS的黄河下游二维水沙数学模型分量级计算相关洪水风险信息。根据洪水风险分析结果,制定滩区居民迁安救护方案,编制了不同量级洪水淹没下的滩区洪水风险图,增强滩区居民风险意识及应急避险撤退能力。提出了相关减灾应对措施,有着显著的防洪减灾效益。     

复式断面边界剪切应力分布规律研究

在复式断面明渠中，由于存在滩槽水流动量的交换，改变了边界剪切应力的分布规律，进而影响滩槽阻力和输水能力。本文利用作者实测的剪切应力分布资料，通过与矩形明渠边界剪切应力分布的对比，对手昨式断面边界剪切应力分布的特征进行了分析，建立了滩槽平均边界剪切应力与水深的关系，为复式断面水流结构及输水能力的研究打下了基础。     

NUMERICAL MODELING OF COMPOUND CHANNEL FLOWS

A numerical model capable of predicting flow characteristics in a compound channel was established with the 3-D steady continuity and momentum equations along with the transport equations for turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate. Closure was achieved with the aid of algebraic relations for turbulent shear stresses. The above equations were discretized with implicit difference approach and solved with a step method along the flow direction. The computational results showing the lateral distribution of vertical average velocities and the latio of total flow in the compound channel agree well with the available experimental data.     

复式断面漫滩水流滩槽分流比研究

在已有研究的基础上,定量分析了津槽分流与水深比、糙率比、河宽比的相互关系,并根据分析结果,综合考虑影响滩槽流量的主要因素和滩槽间的交互作用,构造了概化断面的潍槽流量比的计算结构式.最后采用滩、槽分流比的实测资料对该式进行验证.结果表明,该公式计算的滩槽分流比与实测值较为接近,可供相关工作者参考.     

河滩种树对行洪影响试验研究

对宽滩和窄滩河槽的过流能力以及滩地种树的漫滩水流水力特性进行了研究表明：像珠江三角洲网河这样的窄滩复式河槽，滩地种树对水位的影响不大，也不会影响滩地的槽蓄滞洪作用，但种树使滩地水流归槽，主槽流速增大；滩地种树的利和弊及对行洪的影响是多方面的，应视具体情况分析。