褐煤干燥特性及产品特性研究

通过对内蒙古锡林浩特褐煤的热重分析可知,褐煤干燥过程约30 min,干馏过程约1.5 h。对不同粒径褐煤进行了干燥特性研究,说明+100,100～50,-50 mm原煤完全干燥分别需要4.0,1.0,0.5 h,粒径越小,煤样失重率越大,干燥速度越大,达到相同干燥效果所需的干燥时间也越短。最后分析了干燥温度对产品特性的影响,同时测试了干燥、干馏提质产品的自燃特性和复吸水特性,结果表明:与原煤相比,150,200℃产品挥发分分别提高了33.72%和31.13%,更易发生自燃,而550℃干馏过程中挥发分降低了30.89%,热稳定性大幅增加;150,200,550℃产品吸氧量分别提高了0.43,0.65,0.72 cm3/g;干燥产品燃点要低于原煤,而干馏产品燃点则高于原煤;干馏煤因改变了孔隙结构,最高内在水分降低,即复吸水的能力降低。因此,干燥提质产品与褐煤性质基本一致,而干馏提质产品性能则获得较大改善。     

采用位移传感器考察萃余煤在乙醇中溶胀特性

通过对煤样进行正己烷和四氢呋喃索氏萃取处理,脱除了煤中低分子化合物,萃余煤在不同温度下真空干燥处理以避免萃取溶剂的残留,采用位移传感器溶胀测量装置考察并对比了原煤和萃取处理后煤样在乙醇中的溶胀特性.结果表明,不同温度下真空干燥处理萃余煤的热脱附-质谱分析显示,110℃真空干燥24h处理萃余煤出现萃取溶剂分子质谱特征碎片离子逸出峰,150℃真空干燥24h处理萃余煤没有出现显著溶剂分子质谱特征碎片离子逸出峰.四氢呋喃萃取处理后煤样,110℃真空干燥后,初始时刻溶胀速率较原煤显著增快,且平衡溶胀比显著增加;150℃真空干燥后煤样,由于进一步脱除了煤中残留的四氢呋喃,在乙醇中初始时刻溶胀速率降慢,平衡溶胀比减小,与原煤相近;正己烷萃取处理后110℃和150℃真空干燥后煤样的初始时刻溶胀速率较原煤降低,110℃真空干燥后煤样平衡溶胀比与原煤相比显著降低,150℃真空干燥后煤样的平衡溶胀比增大,与原煤相近.     

褐煤热风-红外联合干燥方式优化与物性分析

褐煤干燥脱水是实现其高效利用、节能减排的重要技术措施。基于不同热风温度(60℃,80℃,100℃)和煤样粒度(小于2 mm, 2 mm～5 mm, 5 mm～7 mm, 7 mm～10 mm, 10 mm～13 mm)对高西沟低阶褐煤单一热风干燥特性进行探讨,依次采用单一热风干燥、热风-红外串联和热风-红外并联联合干燥方式,通过实验分析了干燥过程褐煤水分比和干燥速率的变化特征,应用比能耗(Q_SEC)和能效(η_e)对比了三种干燥方式的能耗,采用SEM和FTIR分别分析了煤样表观形貌和官能团。结果表明：单一热风干燥温度越高,煤样与空气温差越大,煤样获得的热量越高,干燥速率越快;煤样粒度越小,煤样水分比下降越快,结束时的水分比越低;热风-红外串联联合干燥转换时间节点越早,所需干燥时间越短,在热风与红外干燥阶段干燥速率各出现一次最大值;并联干燥中褐煤水分比呈指数下降,并以降速期为主要阶段;三种干燥方式按比能耗由大到小依次为单一热风干燥(334.54 MJ/kg)、热风-红外并联干燥(273.89 MJ/kg)、热风-红外串联干燥(121.18 MJ/...     

单颗粒褐煤高温烟气干燥过程实验研究

针对10mm~25mm粒径的大唐五间房褐煤,通过单颗粒高温烟气干燥实验,得到了600℃~900℃烟气温度下的干燥特性曲线,研究了干燥介质温度和粒径对褐煤高温脱水效果的影响,发现干燥过程主要处于降速干燥阶段;高温条件下,温度对干燥速率的影响并不显著;针对褐煤水分在干燥过程中的迁移特点以及大唐五间房褐煤的孔隙特征,基于努森扩散定律,建立了水分蒸发为蒸汽再扩散出煤粒的缩核干燥动力学模型;得到了不同温度下的有效水分扩散系数,并利用Arrhenius公式求出了10mm~25mm粒径下的干燥活化能.     

印尼高水分褐煤干燥特性研究

以印尼高水分褐煤为试验对象,采用蒸汽管回转干燥技术对其进行静态、动态干燥试验研究。褐煤干燥速率特性试验表明,褐煤粒径和质量基本相同时,干燥蒸汽温度越高,水分蒸发速率越快,褐煤干燥速率越大;褐煤质量相同时,褐煤粒径越小,干燥时间越短,干燥速率越大;褐煤粒径相同时,褐煤质量越小,干燥时间越短,干燥速率越大;褐煤干燥速率曲线常在煤中水分低于空干基水分前出现拐点,即进入干燥降速阶段。通过对褐煤干燥前后的粒径分布、热稳定性分析可知,褐煤干燥过程伴随着细颗粒煤粉的产生,褐煤干燥后细颗粒煤粉增加了14.87%;褐煤干燥前后TS6分别为10.3%和19.2%,均属于低热稳定性煤,且干燥后褐煤的热稳定性好于干燥前;干燥后褐煤的反应开始温度RI和燃尽指数Cb分别降低了7℃和0.1112,相差较小,均极易着火和燃尽。     

褐煤流化床提质性能研究

针对褐煤水分高、发热量低、易风化自燃等特点,以内蒙古褐煤为研究对象,进行了褐煤静态干燥实验和褐煤提质多因素实验。以O2体积分数10.5%的烟气为干燥介质,在分析褐煤流化床提质干燥机理的基础上,对褐煤进行流化床动态提质实验。结果表明:褐煤提质水分控制在5%左右为宜。褐煤粒级小于3 mm时,温度对煤样干燥速度影响最大,其次是煤样粒度,风速对干燥速度影响最小。确定全粒级、0.5~1.25、1.25~2、2~3 mm褐煤临界流化风速分别为38、20、40和50 m3/h。褐煤适宜提质温度和时间分别为200~240℃和5~8 min。最后建立了褐煤提质模型,说明褐煤提质规律与提质介质温度、风速密切相关,该模型对褐煤提质生产具有指导作用。     

宝日希勒褐煤的热压提质试验研究

介绍了气流干燥技术的优点,并利用HPU试验线对宝日希勒褐煤进行了热压提质研究。煤样热重分析表明宝日希勒褐煤适宜的干燥温度为105～371℃。通过分析干燥温度、给料频率对提质煤粉水分的影响及提质煤粉水分对型煤质量的影响,说明提质煤粉水分随干燥温度的升高而降低,随给料频率的增加而增大,宝日希勒褐煤适宜的干燥温度为220～320℃,给料频率为30～50 Hz;提质煤粉较适宜的水分范围为5%～13%,最佳水分为5%～8%,此时,型煤抗压强度可达900 N/个以上,落下强度超过80%。因此,以高温烟气为干燥介质,采用气流干燥技术对宝日希勒褐煤进行脱水干燥提质是可行的。试验结果为拓展宝日希勒褐煤的加工利用途径提供了依据,也为其他地区的褐煤提质提供参考。     

褐煤高温烟气干燥过程中挥发分析出实验研究

对伊敏褐煤和大唐五间房褐煤在高温烟气环境下的干燥过程进行了实验研究.实验中对大粒径煤颗粒采用固定床干燥法,对小粒径煤粉则采用下降管顺流干燥法.根据实验获得的煤颗粒和干燥介质温度曲线研究了初始烟气温度、粒径和初始含水率对褐煤中水分和挥发分析出的影响,结果表明,褐煤高温烟气干燥过程主要分为预热阶段和降速干燥阶段,褐煤在下降管中的干燥过程主要处于预热干燥阶段;在800℃的烟气初温下,增大粒径,提高初始含水率,可以避免挥发分析出;两煤种在下降管干燥过程中均比较稳定,且伊敏褐煤相比五间房褐煤吸收和脱除水分更为容易,但也更易受热分解.研究表明,下降管高温烟气干燥技术适用于伊敏和大唐五间房褐煤这两种煤种的干燥过程.     

褐煤深度脱水的实验研究

针对褐煤低温烟气干燥技术脱水幅度难以提高,发热量增加不多等问题,提出了低温干燥与深度脱水的联合工艺。研究了不同干燥温度、干燥时间和煤样粒度对褐煤深度脱水效果的影响,结果表明:褐煤深度脱水适宜的干燥温度为500～800℃,较为适宜的干燥时间为80 s左右,当粒度小于50 mm时,干燥产物发热量随粒度变化不大。最后提出了褐煤深度脱水最佳工艺条件和参数,即当预干燥煤的Mar约为18%,煤样粒度为-50 mm,干燥温度为700℃,干燥时间为80 s时,深度脱水产物的Mar为8%,Vdaf在46%左右,折算Qnet,ar约为21 kJ/g。褐煤深度脱水促进了褐煤发热量的进一步提高,实现了褐煤资源的增值,研究结果为褐煤低温干燥与深度脱水联合工艺技术方案的确定奠定了基础。     

粒径和入炉煤水分对白音华褐煤热解特性的影响

为获得粉状褐煤蓄热式下行床快速热解适宜工艺参数,通过蓄热式下行床快速热解试验装置,在900℃高温热解试验条件下,研究了白音华褐煤煤粉粒度分布和入炉煤水分对热解产物产率和热解气体组成的影响。结果表明:粒径6 mm时,随煤粉粒径增大,热解半焦产率增加,热解焦油产率均低于3%,热解气产率逐渐降低,该粒径范围内的热解气产率较高(35%)。因此,6 mm煤粉均适用于蓄热式下行床热解工艺,工业生产过程中可依据下游除尘要求,在6 mm内筛选煤粉粒径。煤粉粒径3 mm、入炉煤水分在15.10%~25.03%时,随入炉煤水分的增加,热解水、热解气产率增加,半焦产率降低,因此,高入炉煤水分有利于粉状褐煤热解,提高褐煤煤粉干燥效率,降低烟尘和小颗粒煤粉的排放量。     

Experimental study on the effects of drying methods on the stabilities of lignite

The drying processes are always applied prior to the transportation or utilization of lignite, and result in notable changes in the stabilities of lignite. In this paper, the study on the effects of nitrogen and MTE drying process on the physico-chemical properties and stabilities of Zhaotong lignite was carried out. The briquettes produced by MTE drying in this study were 150 mm in dimension, and so had a much larger particle size than nitrogendried samples. Nitrogen adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy all suggested that drying was accompanied by the transformation of larger pores into smaller ones. Compared to nitrogen drying, the pore structures could be stabilized by the MTE process. The soluble salts were removed during MTE drying which resulted in the decrease in ash and the concentrations of some of the major metals.The removal of water enhanced the hydrophilicity of nitrogen dried samples, but did not affect the hydrophilicity of MTE dried samples. The moisture holding capacity of MTE dried samples reduced faster than nitrogen dried samples with the decrease of residual moisture content. Themoisture readsorption processes of MTE dried sampleswere strongly inhibited due to themuch larger particle size of sample produced byMTE drying than nitrogen drying. The susceptibility to spontaneous combustion, indicated by cross point temperature and self-heating tests, of nitrogen and MTE dried samples increased with the decrease of residual moisture content. The MTE dried samples are more liable to spontaneous combustion than nitrogen dried samples with the same residual moisture and particle size. However, the larger particle size of the MTE product made it more stable with respect to spontaneous combustion and also moisture readsorption.     

Drying behavior of lignite under microwave heating

Because of lignite’s high moisture content, it must be dried before most applications. Microwave radiation may be suitable for efficient drying because of its special heating properties. This study investigated the drying behavior of lignite samples from eastern Inner Mongolia by microwave thermogravimetric analysis. Three stages of microwave drying were observed: preheating, fast weight loss, and falling rate drying periods. Samples’ surface temperatures increased dramatically during preheating, dropped slightly in the second period, and rose again in the final period. The measured surface temperature was <95°C during microwave heating. The overall moisture content decreased more rapidly under higher microwave power. Fine lignite particles (diameter <0.2?mm) and lump samples (particle size 10?mm) dried better than granular lignite (particle size 1–2?mm). The samples also underwent slight natural drying (1–2% point reduction in moisture content) after microwave treatment. The critical moisture content of lignite (11–15% under experimental conditions) was redefined. Energy consumption was analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed drying process.     

Effect of Drying Conditions on Moisture Re-Adsorption Performance of Dewatered Lignite

In order to improve the drying efficiency of lignite and restrain the moisture re-adsorption of dewatered coal, the drying characteristics of typical Chinese lignite, the re-adsorption performances of dewatered samples and the change in pore structure throughout the entire processes were investigated in this study. Lignite samples with four different particle size fractions were dried in a fixed-bed reactor in the temperature range 60–160°C. The re-adsorbing moisture behaviors of dewatered coal samples containing different water contents were investigated at temperatures of 20–40°C and humidities of 55–95%. The changes in the pore structure of raw coal and different dried samples were measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and the relations between their re-adsorption performance and change in pore structure were explored. The moisture removal yields of lignite increased with an increase in drying time and temperature and was close to 100% above 120°C and over 100% after holding 40 and 15 min at temperatures of 140 and 160°C due to the release of CO₂ from the decomposing carboxyl group in the coal matrix. The re-adsorbed moisture content in dewatered coal was influenced by drying temperature and coal particle size through varying pore structure. The temperature and relative humidity in the re-adsorbing process were the main factors that influenced the moisture re-adsorption capacity of dewatered lignite, in which the re-adsorbing temperature mainly operated by varying the bonding ability of water on the surface of dewatered coal, and the relative humidity was connected with the pore structure as well. The mesopore was the main factor that influenced the re-adsorption of dewatered coal and the re-adsorption of moisture in dewatered coal at 100°C was highest due to the narrow range of the pore radius and because the relative volume ratio of 5 to 50 nm mesopore (above 91%) was high. The water loss yield of lignite with smaller particle size was higher due to its larger pore volume and surface area, but its re-adsorption capacity was lower because of lower volume ratio of 5 to 50 nm mesopore volume in dewatered coal obtained from the smaller size lignite.     

不同干燥程度胜利褐煤燃烧与自燃特性

为了探究高水分褐煤干燥后的燃烧与自燃特性变化,采用一维火焰炉、煤粉着火炉以及自燃试验台对不同干燥程度的胜利褐煤进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,试验样品的着火温度随着干燥程度的增加而降低,随着风煤比的增加而增加,煤粉细度同样会对着火温度产生影响。在燃用干燥褐煤过程中宜采用较高一次风率以提高制粉系统的安全性。胜利褐煤及其干燥褐煤均属于极易燃尽煤种,燃尽率均在99.4%以上,水分的变化对燃尽率影响不大。建议胜利褐煤与20%水分干燥褐煤的运行氧含量控制在3.5%左右。随着干燥程度的加深和粒径的减小,褐煤越容易自燃。胜利褐煤干燥到20%以下可能有自燃的风险。     

褐煤的热处理改质研究

对水含量较高的Ｂａｎｋｏ褐煤进行了蒸发干燥处理和煤油成浆覆盖沥青干燥处理,并用热重和热台红外等对所得煤样的组成,结构和反应行为进行了考察。结果表明,煤油成浆热处理并覆盖沥青既能达到较好的脱水效果,还能适当增加煤的氧化反应活化能,从而降低煤的低温氧化反应性,达到抑制干燥煤自燃的目的。不过,为明显降低煤的低温氧化反应性,还需改变实验条件进行进一步研究。     

Pressurised flash drying of Yallourn lignite

A previously developed 1D model of lignite drying for pulverised lignite feeding into a conventional pulverised fuel boiler during the coal milling process is applied to lignite in an entrained flow configuration at elevated pressure. A combustor fired with diesel and air was used to produce a flue gas at 800 °C and 10 atm to flash dry Yallourn lignite at a nominal feed rate of 725 kg/h along a 50 m duct. A coal feeder arrangement was also developed which provides a simple positive feeding device for feeding against a back pressure. The feeder takes as an input coal which is nominally <50 mm and discharges it as a finely divided product with a mean particle size of approximately 1.0-1.5 mm. The comparison between model predictions and measured temperature profiles for the flue gas and final moisture content of the dried coal product showed excellent agreement. Coal moisture was reduced from 67 wt% to between 30 and 40 wt%, depending upon on the coal feed rate and particle size. The small variation in the final outlet temperature observed between the model and experimental results is due to heat losses from the exposed duct work to the environment.     

EVOLUTION LIGNITE MESOPORE STRUCTURE DURING DRYING. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND HEATING TIME

The knowledge of the intrinsic pore structure of coals is significant in elucidating the kinetics of mass transport and chemical reaction that leads to design of more efficient coal combustion and conversion equipment. The results of pore structure studies of Greek lignite are reported in this work. Isothermal drying of Greek lignite samples, under vacuum, caused mesopore structure evolution despite the severe (∼50%) particle size contraction due to heating. Mesopore volume and surface area were increased as the drying temperature was raised to 200°C while further drying up to 250°C caused a mesopore volume and surface area decrease. Lignite drying at 100°C for up to 3 h resulted in a monotonic increase of the mesopore structure properties while heating for a longer period i.e., 6 h, despite a slight increase of weight loss, caused pore volume and surface area reduction. Nitrogen sorption (77 K) hysteresis data obtained for partially dried samples have been processed to deduce BET surface area and pore size distributions (PSD) by using both the Roberts and a new method based on a Corrugated Pore Structure Model (CPSM-nitrogen) methods. The latter method was applied successfully in hysteresis loop simulations and predicted pore surface areas consistent with the respective BET values. Bimodal PSD have been detected with one peak at 3 nm and the second at 20 nm while surface area varied over the range 2.98-5.30 m²/g. Dry Greek lignite has shown a higher mesopore volume than that of several American and Canadian coals of varying rank. Mesopore volume distribution of dry Greek lignite, obtained from nitrogen sorption data, agree well with those deduced from mercury penetration data corrected for coal compressibility.     

Combustion and Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Lignite Dried by Low Temperature Air

Lignite is a kind of coal that has high moisture content and needs to be dried before being utilized. In this article, a Chinese lignite was dried in air at 120–180°C and the changes in its physical and chemical structures after drying were investigated. The results showed that the pore volume and specific surface area of the lignite decreased after drying. Some of the methylene and methyl groups were oxidized by the oxygen in the drying air, resulting in an increase in oxygen functional groups. The combustion characteristics of the dried coals and parent coal (dry basis) were studied via thermogravimetric analysis. The total volatile yields of the dried coals increased compared to the parent coal. The burnout temperatures of the dried coals were higher than the parent coal, whereas the ignition temperatures stayed almost unchanged. An entrained flow system was set up to study the release of nitrogenous gas products during rapid pyrolysis and combustion. The HCN yields of the dried coals during pyrolysis were higher than that of the parent coal, and a similar trend was found for the NO yield during combustion. The mechanism changes of combustion and pollutant emission characteristics were discussed according to the results of the physical and chemical structure analyses.