浅谈工程造价的控制

论述了从初步设计到工程竣工验收各个阶段工程建设的造价控制。     

八一钢厂合金钢方坯连铸机的设备和工艺特点

通过可行性研究与初步设计两个阶段的工艺布置比较,详细地介绍了新疆八一钢厂合金钢方坯连铸机的工芤布置优化情况及优化后的工艺特点。     

浅谈工程造价的控制

论述了从初步设计到工程竣工验收各个阶段工程建设的造价控制。     

加强矿山地质工作 保持矿山可持续发展探讨

按我国现行体制,矿山开发一般程序为：普查找矿、矿区评价及地质勘探、矿山初步设计、矿山基建、矿山生产、矿山结束。在这一慢长的过程中,地质工作相应地划分为许多阶段,但主要地分为既有联系又有区别的三大阶段：普查找矿、地质勘探、矿山地质。各阶段的任务及特点见表1。     

项目建设设计阶段投资控制的思考

对工程项目建设在设计合同后的初步设计、施工图设计和现场服务阶段，如何识别投资控制影响因素及如何保证实现其目标，开展限额设计的途径、方法原则提供了一些想法。     

综合原料场工程设计管理经验和体会

马钢新区工程项目之一的综合原料场工程已如期建成,本文从项目部的角度,就该工程设计管理的可行性研究报告、初步设计和施工图设计三个阶段作简要介绍。     

浅谈工程造价前期管理和控制的重要性

合理确定工程造价是工程造价管理的基本内容和重要工作,始终贯穿于工程造价管理的全过程.工程造价管理的重点体现在可行性研究投资估算和初步设计阶段设计概算的合理确定上.只有合理确定工程造价,通过有效手段控制好各阶段建设费用,才能达到理想的目的,确保建设项目保质按期完工.     

70t电炉工程工艺方案优化设计

介绍70吨电炉初步设计的优化方案．总体布局及工艺流程情况。     

云南斗南锰矿初步设计审查会在昆明召开

1993年7月14—18日国家原材料投资公司在昆明组织召开了《云南省斗南锰矿初步设计》和《云南省斗南锰矿烧结工程初步设计》审查会。参加会议的有国家计委重点司、冶金部建设司、全国锰矿技术委员会、省内有关单位的代表及特邀专家,共计65人。会议通过了上述两个《初步设计》。建设斗南锰矿是经国家计委批准的     

一高炉阶段增加转炉废钢比方法的探讨

根据宝钢初步设计,一高炉阶段的钢水产量为318.5万吨,该指标与世界先进钢厂相比尚有一定距离(见表1)。究竟宝钢一高炉阶段的生产潜力有多少,宜采用何种方法来提高生产能力,这是众说不一的重大课题。本文就笔者所知国内外概况作一简介,并提出个人建议,以求抛砖引玉。     

Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) virus eradication campaign in The Netherlands

The Dutch Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) eradication campaign is based on vaccination with glycoprotein E deleted vaccines. In the first stage of the programme, that was started in September 1993, the transmission of ADV must be reduced sharply. Subsequently, the remaining sources of virus need to be traced and eliminated. During the final stage, vaccination should be forbidden. This paper summarizes the observations made during a field study on the eradication of ADV by vaccination and reports the design and preliminary results of the first stage of the Dutch eradication campaign.     

Dynamic Response of Elevated High-Speed Railway

The study of the dynamic response of the elevated railway for the high-speed train in the Taiwan area at the preliminary design stage is presented. Two types of the elevated reinforced concrete railway, they being the simple-span and the three-equal-span box girders supported on piers; three types of the high-speed train, namely, the French T.G.V., the German I.C.E., and the Japanese S.K.S.; and the maximum operation speed 350 km∕h are under investigation. The general dynamic stiffness matrix of a damped Timoshenko beam is employed for the structural analysis. The influence line of any dynamic response (also called the dynamic influence line) of the elevated railway subjected to the high-speed train, considered as a series of the moving loads, is calculated by the mode-superposition method. A preliminary design of the section of the railway is proposed for this study.     

Ritz-Based Static Analysis Method for Fiber Reinforced Plastic Rib Core Skew Bridge Superstructure

A Ritz-based static analysis procedure is described for fiber-reinforced plastic, skew bridge superstructure, or deck, with a parallel grid core. This is a simplified analysis method based on a transformed plate formulation and the classical Ritz method. The rib core bridge superstructure, or deck, is idealized as a homogeneous, orthotropic skew plate to which the Ritz method is applied to discretize the resultant, equivalent orthotropic skew plate. Three laminated skew plate examples are presented; the results are compared with finite-element solution to verify the validity of the simplified method. A practical demonstration of a rib core skew bridge superstructure is investigated using the simplified method. The procedure provides a useful analysis tool that can be used in the preliminary design stage without the use of finite-element analysis.     

Structural Concept, Design, and Experimental Verification of a Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sandwich Roof Structure

This paper reports on the design and construction of a lightweight glass fiber-reinforced polymer roof structure in Basel, Switzerland. The sandwich construction allowed for an integration of static, building physical and architectural functions that enabled the prefabrication of the entire roof in only four lightweight elements that were easily transported to the site and rapidly installed. Cutting of foam blocks with a computerized numerical control machine and adhesive bonding proved to be advantageous procedures for the fabrication of the complex roof shape, without the use of expensive molds. The factor of safety of the design was adjusted during the design process through experimental verification. Although some of the characteristic material properties were overestimated in the preliminary design, the design properties for the final design were higher than for the preliminary design as it was possible to reduce the resistance factors (according to Eurocode format) after testing by a factor of 2.0. Existing design models and test standards to determine material properties proved to be applicable.     

WC—Fe／Ni／Co矿用合金开发之试验初探

通过试验探索,找到了Fe/Ni/Co与粗晶WC匹配较好的成份点,取得了与同粘结相量YG矿用合金性能相当的效果。Fe/Ni/Co作粘结剂应用于矿用合金,技术上已基本成熟。     

冶金行业EPC项目设计阶段的造价控制

文章根据冶金行业EPC的特点,从加强设计人员的造价意识、投标报价阶段的设计造价控制、施工图设计阶段的造价控制三方面阐述了在设计阶段如何做好造价控制.     

加强工程造价管理与投资控制的思考

要加强造价管理，提高投资效益，必须全面实现“量”与“价”的分离。设计阶段是造价确定与投资控制最重要阶段，要想在设计阶段控制工程造价，就一定要在设计阶段进行设计招投标和设计方案的竞选，并对备选方案及技术经济进行优化和评价，真正达到以最优的设计、最经济的投资，建造最好的工程项目的目的。     

选矿厂计算机辅助设计(CAD)与虚拟现实技术应用现状及展望

选矿厂设计过程涉及大量数据计算、图形绘制以及设计规范和设计经验的应用,计算机辅助设计的应用无疑能显著提高设计效率和质量。通过对选矿厂计算机辅助设计研究现状进行总结和分析,指出存在的问题和不足,即设计过程模块化、设计规范和经验处理不成熟、设备配置自主化和可视化程度低以及沉浸感缺乏等。计算机虚拟现实技术（VR）的出现,为解决这些问题和不足提供了新的技术途径,将VR技术应用于选矿厂设计中,可有效提升设计过程的自主化、可视化、沉浸感以及人机交互性与设计员的想象创造力,是未来选矿厂计算机辅助设计的重要发展方向。     

Preliminary Design System for Concrete Box Girder Bridges

A neural network-based design system is presented in this paper for preliminary design of concrete box girder bridges. The system is based on a loose coupling model that integrates the artificial neural network and the fuzzy network to perform the task of noisy data filtering, knowledge extraction, and candidate synthesis. After a comparative study, the radial basis function neural network is chosen in the design knowledge generation instead of the commonly used back-propagation neural network. The fuzzy network is employed to determine the integer types of design parameters. The developed system provides a few feasible design configurations, and enables the user to overwrite some of the design parameters, so that that user can have a wide choice in his preliminary design. The accuracy of the neural network testing and the influence of the size of the design cases on the neural network prediction are discussed. A design example is included to illustrate the design procedure.     

Forced Hydraulic Jumps below Abrupt Expansions

A new approach for studying forced hydraulic jumps below abrupt symmetric and asymmetric expansions is introduced. Intensive experiments for two expansion ratios, one asymmetry ratio, and different solid sill heights and locations were conducted specifically for the spatial jump case as a critical design case. A new parameter correlating sill height and sill location is presented and found to play an important role in the basin’s design, scour, and flow patterns. Using this parameter gives distinguished relationships for predicting sequent depth, energy dissipation, and basin length for the preliminary or operating design in expected or unexpected flow conditions. Empirical equations and experimental regression curves are introduced to predict the sequent depth and the basin length at any sill height and sill location. Scour and flow patterns are intensively studied experimentally and qualitatively described for the symmetric and asymmetric basins with or without sills for the spatial jump. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the applicability of the study in preliminary and operating designs.