复合离子镀TiCN薄膜的结构与力学性能

采用多弧离子镀和磁控溅射复合技术在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Ti CN与Ti N薄膜,研究了工艺参数中氮分压对Ti CN薄膜表面形貌、粗糙度、沉积速率、物相结构、力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:不同氮分压下所制备的Ti CN薄膜表面平整、致密,氮分压对表面形貌影响不大;随着氮分压的升高,Ti CN薄膜的表面粗糙度先减小后增加,在0.4 Pa时达到最小值为0.185μm,而沉积速率一直降低。Ti CN薄膜主要由fcc-Ti N型Ti CN相组成,随着氮分压的增大出现(111)晶面择优取向;薄膜的显微硬度先增大后减小,在氮分压0.4 Pa时为3008 HV0.025,而膜基结合力呈线性上升趋势。Ti CN薄膜的耐磨性优于Ti N薄膜,且薄膜的平均摩擦因数随着氮分压的增加不断降低,抗摩擦磨损性能逐渐增强,在氮分压为0.4 Pa时,薄膜平均摩擦因数与磨损率分别为0.335和5.53×10-6mm3·N-1·m-1,具有更好的耐磨性。     

不同调制周期WS_x/a-C多层膜的组织结构及摩擦学特性

采用磁控溅射法交替溅射WS2和石墨靶制备周期为4~23 nm的WSx/a-C纳米多层膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子谱(XPS)等分析薄膜的组织结构和元素的化学价态;采用纳米压痕仪、涂层附着力划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机测试薄膜的硬度、结合力和在潮湿大气下(相对湿度70%)的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:多层膜结构致密,表面平整。a-C的加入改变WS2的结晶状态,多层膜为微晶或非晶结构;随着调制周期的增大,多层膜的硫与钨摩尔比逐渐降低并趋于稳定(约为1.32),其硬度稍有上升,而结合力明显降低,摩擦因数由0.32降至0.26,而磨损率逐渐上升但显著低于纯WSx膜的。调制周期为4 nm的多层膜的耐磨性能最佳,磨损率约为1.03×10-13 m3·N-1·m-1。     

Cr/WC/DLC薄膜的多环境摩擦学性能

采用磁控溅射法,在304不锈钢上制备Cr/WC/DLC多层梯度过渡类金刚石薄膜,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、纳米压痕仪、划痕测试仪等分析薄膜的微观结构和力学性能,利用UMT-3多功能摩擦磨损试验机考察其在大气、去离子水、发动机油3种环境下的摩擦学性能。结果表明:该薄膜的多层梯度设计使其膜基间结合力得到了有效改善,且硬度高达32.6GPa,在3种环境下均具有优异的摩擦学性能。在大气环境下,薄膜具有较低的平均摩擦因数,为0.094;但具有3种环境下最大的磨损率,为7.86×10-8 mm3(N·m)-1;在去离子水环境下,薄膜的平均摩擦因数较高,为0.124;而其磨损率较低,为5.26×10-8 mm3(N·m)-1;在发动机油环境下,固-油复合润滑效应使薄膜具有更加优异的摩擦学性能,其平均摩擦因数和磨损率均为3种环境下的最小值,分别为0.065和4.44×10-8 mm3(N·m)-1。     

Ti-Si-N纳米复合薄膜的制备及其力学性能

采用离子束溅射与磁过滤阴极弧共沉积技术在单晶硅片(400)表面制备Si含量(摩尔分数)为3.2%~15.5%范围内的TiSiN薄膜。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子散射谱(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究TiSiN薄膜的显微结构和力学性能。结果表明:低Si含量的薄膜以面心立方晶型的Ti(Si)N固溶体形式存在,择优晶面为(200)面;当Si含量饱和后,出现Ti(Si)N和Si3N4非晶相,形成Ti(Si)N/Si3N4纳米复合结构。薄膜硬度范围在22~26GPa,采用Si3N4小球为对偶时薄膜的摩擦因数均维持在0.13~0.17之间。Si含量为10.9%时,硬度达最大值,结合较低的粗糙度,使其摩擦因数和磨损率达到最低值。     

镍基碳化钨颗粒增强复合熔覆层的组织结构与摩擦学性能

借助激光熔覆方法在H13钢基材上制备不同WC含量的Ni基WC复合熔覆层,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、微区X射线能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了熔覆层表面的物相、熔覆层与基材的结合情况、熔覆层内部增强相的形貌、成分与分布;在室温下测试显微硬度、摩擦因数和磨损率。结果表明:基体和熔覆层之间为冶金结合,熔覆层物相为γ-Ni相、WC、Cr23C6、W2C相,这些碳化物呈现近圆形;激光熔覆层中Ni基体的显微硬度为550-700 HV0.1,硬质相颗粒的显微硬度为2700~3500 HV0.1,是基材显微硬度的5~7倍;Ni基+30%WC熔覆层的摩擦因数为0.7,磨损率为1.92×10~(-8)mm~3/(N·m)。随着WC含量增多45%,耐磨性进一步提高、摩擦因数约为0.4,磨损率为8.32×10~(-9)mm~3/(N·m),WC含量达到60%,摩擦因数为0.5、磨损率与45%WC熔覆层磨损率接近;综合比较,45%WC激光溶层耐磨减摩效果最佳。     

真空阴极多弧离子镀沉积纳米超硬氮化钛薄膜

利用真空阴极多弧离子镀系统在Cr12Mo4V钢基材上制备出膜基间结合很好的纳米超硬氮化钛(TiN)薄膜.利用纳米硬度计、划痕仪、球一盘试验机、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分别考察了薄膜的纳米硬度、膜基间结合力、摩擦磨损性能和显微结构.结果表明,气体压力和脉冲基体负偏压对薄膜性能有重要影响;超硬TiN薄膜的纳米硬度为47.6 GPa、临界载荷为63 N、摩擦因数在0.5至0.8之间;结构细密的超硬薄膜在(111)晶面有强烈的择优取向.     

含氢掺硅类金刚石薄膜的制备及性能表征

采用磁控溅射和离子源复合沉积技术,在Si片、模具钢和硬质合金上制备了均匀致密的含氢掺硅类金刚石薄膜.先用正交法优化含氢类金刚石薄膜的制备工艺,然后通过控制中频碳化硅靶的功率密度向含氢类金刚石膜层中成功掺人Si元素.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、硬度计、划痕仪和摩擦磨损试验机等手段测试和研究了膜层的形貌、成分、sp3和sp2含量及其性能.结果表明:优化后含氢类金刚石薄膜的制备工艺为:30 mL/min甲烷流量,100 V偏压,0.8A离子源电流;所制备的含氢掺硅类金刚石薄膜是非晶结构,膜厚2.20 μm,膜、基结合力为30 N,膜层硬度达到2039 HV.含氢掺硅类金刚石薄膜的摩擦因数受环境湿度变化很小,可应用于精密传动部件提高其使用精度.     

MoS2-Ti自润滑复合薄膜的高温摩擦学性能研究

目的探究Ti含量对MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜高温摩擦学性能的影响,制备高温摩擦性能良好的MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜。方法采用射频和直流双靶共溅射技术沉积了不同Ti含量的MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜,研究了Ti含量对MoS₂-Ti薄膜微观结构和力学性能的影响,进一步探究了MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜在大气环境下的高温摩擦学性能。采用能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对薄膜的成分、晶相结构及微观形貌进行分析。利用显微维氏硬度计测试薄膜的力学性能,通过UMT-TriboLab摩擦磨损试验机评价薄膜的摩擦磨损性能。此外,采用SEM、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS),对薄膜的磨痕形貌及对偶球转移膜的成分进行分析。结果Ti掺杂促进了MoS₂薄膜以(002)晶面择优取向生长,且提高了薄膜的致密度,薄膜硬度从70HV提升到350HV。MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜在高温环境下的摩擦性能,随Ti含量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中Ti原子数分数为6.81%的MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜具有较低的摩擦因数和磨损率。通过对转移膜的成分进行分析,发现处于300℃高温环境下,Ti原子数分数为13.51%的MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜由于在摩擦过程中生成的氧化物较多,其耐磨性能开始下降。结论Ti含量对MoS₂-Ti复合薄膜的高温摩擦学性能有明显的影响,掺杂适量Ti能显著提高MoS₂薄膜在大气环境下的高温摩擦学性能。     

CNx层厚度对DLC/CNx多层膜结构和力学性能的影响

为了降低DLC膜的内应力,提高其力学性能,采用磁控溅射法在Si(100)基体上交替沉积了不同CN_x层厚度的DLC/CN_x纳米多层膜。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、纳米压痕仪、涂层附着力划痕仪和球盘式摩擦磨损试验机等分析了多层膜的微观组织、成键结构、力学和摩擦学性能。结果表明:所有DLC/CN_x多层膜均为非晶结构,结构致密,内应力低(约-475~-170 MPa),强化效应显著。随着CN_x层厚度的增大,CN_x膜内sp3键含量降低,DLC/CN_x多层膜的硬度和结合力逐渐降低,磨损率则逐渐上升。多层膜在真空和大气中的摩擦状态平稳,摩擦因数分别为0.16和0.2,CN_x层厚度的影响很小。CN_x层厚度为0.5 nm的多层膜的硬度可达36.9 GPa,结合力为27 N,在两种测试环境中均具有优异的摩擦学性能。     

磁控溅射NiCrAlY/MoS2复合薄膜结构与性能研究

目的 通过离子源复合磁控溅射技术,制备宽温域耐磨减摩性能良好的NiCrAlY/MoS2复合薄膜.方法 采用离子源复合磁控溅射技术制备了NiCrAlY/MoS2复合薄膜,研究不同MoS2掺杂量对薄膜结构、力学性能和不同温度氧化热处理后摩擦学性能的影响.采用能谱仪(EDS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对薄膜元素含量、组织结构和相结构进行分析.通过显微硬度计、洛氏硬度计、球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机、3D轮廓仪及高温氧化试验,对复合薄膜硬度、膜/基结合力、摩擦磨损性能和抗氧化性能进行分析.结果 NiCrAlY及NiCrAlY/MoS2复合薄膜以柱状晶结构生长,物相结构主要由Ni3Al、Ni-Cr和MoS2组成.随着MoS2含量的增加,薄膜柱状晶尺寸增加,致密度下降,薄膜硬度从503HV逐渐降到336HV.复合膜具有良好的膜/基结合力,结合力达到HF1级水平.掺杂MoS2可以明显提高复合薄膜的摩擦学性能,当MoS2掺杂量达到48.1％～69.8％时,NiCrAlY/MoS2复合薄膜在室温下具有良好的耐磨减摩性能,其摩擦因数降低至0.038～0.09,磨损率比NiCrAlY薄膜降低1个数量级以上,达到2.14×10–6 mm3/(N·m).对NiCrAlY和NiCrAlY-48.1％MoS2复合薄膜进行400℃和500℃高温氧化试验,复合薄膜氧化形成NiO、Al2O3、MoO3相,经过氧化后复合薄膜仍具有良好的耐磨性能,400℃氧化后复合薄膜磨损率降至1.41×10–6 mm3/(N·m).结论 MoS2掺杂量对NiCrAlY/MoS2复合薄膜结构和性能有重要影响,当MoS2原子数分数为48.1％时,复合薄膜在常温以及高温氧化后均具有良好的耐磨减摩性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.