2A97铝锂合金双级时效研究

通过TEM分析和常规力学性能测试,研究双级时效工艺对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响,以优化合金强度和塑性匹配。结果表明:随预时效温度升高,双级时效基体由形成θ′/θ″相和δ′相为主的组织转变为形成T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相为主的组织。135℃预时效、双级时效基体形成大量细小的θ′/θ″相和δ′相,T1数量少。晶界和亚晶界T1数量多,尺寸小,晶界和亚晶界θ′/θ″无析出带宽度窄。155℃预时效、双级时效可在基体形成以T1相为主的组织,且数量多,尺寸大,均匀分布,T1相、θ″/θ′和δ′相的联合强化作用使合金具有高的强度。     

预时效工艺对Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe钛合金组织与性能的影响

对Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe钛合金分别进行单级和双级时效热处理,对比研究双级时效工艺对高强β钛合金组织与性能影响。单级时效温度为550℃,双级时效工艺采用在400℃预时效之后再进行550℃下的再时效处理。研究结果表明,合金在400℃预时效时析出了ω相,随着预时效时间的延长,ω相最终转变为α相。相比单级时效而言,合金经双级时效后其次生α相显微组织得到明显细化,其原因主要是因为预时效阶段为后续较高温度下次生α相的形核与长大提供了更多的形核质点。双级时效工艺可以大幅提高合金的强度及硬度,但是塑性略有下降。     

预时效处理对6111铝合金力学性能及析出行为的影响

采用连续退火模拟机研究了预时效处理对汽车用6111铝合金力学性能及强化相析出动力学的影响,运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了微观组织的变化,测试了力学性能,运用Avrami方程计算了β″相的析出动力学。结果表明:经180、190、200℃双级预时效处理后的试样,人工时效过程的屈服强度硬化增量显著高于单级预时效处理,分别提高了50%、60%和64%,且均达到了100 MPa以上;伸长率均低于单级预时效处理,分别降低了1%、3%和6%。双级预时效处理后GP区数量增加,人工时效过程形成尺寸更为细小弥散的β″亚稳强化相,密度更高。双级预时效处理后,β″相析出激活能降低,且180℃双级处理后β″相析出激活能最低,仅为62.22 k J/mol。     

Mg-Gd系合金时效析出研究进展

Mg-Gd系合金的时效析出强化效果优异且析出序列及析出相在含稀土镁合金中具有一定代表性。总结了国内外Mg-Gd系合金时效析出的研究进展,阐述该系合金的时效析出动力学、析出序列及析出相、析出相强化机理等。影响Mg-Gd系合金时效析出动力学的主要因素有时效温度、Gd元素含量、晶粒尺寸、预变形量以及少量非稀土合金元素的添加等。Mg-Gd、Mg-Gd-Y(Dy)、Mg-Gd-Nd(Sm)等合金系的时效析出序列依次为β″-Mg3Gd→β′-Mg7Gd→β1-Mg3Gd→β-Mg5Gd,Mg-Gd-Zn合金时效过程中则还会有γ″-Mg70Gd15Zn15相和γ′-MgGdZn相存在。最后,对该系合金的析出强化机制和未来的发展方向进行了阐述。     

Al-Mg-Si合金时效早期显微组织演变及其对强化的影响

采用显微硬度测试、HRTEM和原子探针层析技术(APT)等测试手段分析了核元件燃料包壳备选材料LT24铝合金在180℃人工时效早期显微硬度、组织变化及析出序列中析出物的Mg与Si原子比(r).结果表明,在180℃时效初期,合金的硬度显著增加,析出高数量密度的溶质原子团簇和球状Guinier-Preston(GP)区;时效4 h后达到硬度峰值,析出物以高数量密度的针状β″相为主;进一步时效,合金处于一硬度平台,析出物仍以β″相为主.随时效时间的延长,析出相逐渐长大,r逐渐增加,β″相中r在1.23~1.35之间,β″相对合金的强化起最重要作用.在早期时效过程中合金析出物的析出序列为过饱和固溶体→溶质原子团簇→溶质原子团簇+GP区→溶质原子团簇+GP区+β″相.     

预应变和预时效对Al-Mg-Si合金烘烤硬化性能的影响

采用硬度和单轴拉伸测试,结合差示扫描量热法(DSC),分析预时效、预应变和预应变后预时效3种预处理工艺对Al-Mg-Si合金自然时效的抑制及烘烤硬化性能的影响。结果表明:预时效能有效抑制合金的自然时效,提高烘烤硬化效果(BHR),但预时效时间为10 min时,烘烤前强度较高,并且烘烤后塑性降低;预时效前加入预应变不仅能进一步抑制合金的自然时效,且在烘烤强度明显增加的同时保持合金伸长率较高,其中合金经5%预应变及5 min预时效的烘烤硬化性能最好。预处理后合金的DSC曲线中原子团簇的溶解峰消失,且β″相析出峰提前,说明预处理可抑制合金在自然时效过程中原子团簇的形成,加速烘烤过程中β″强化相的析出从而抑制自然时效,增加烘烤效果。     

Mg、Si含量对Al-Mg-Si合金力学性能及耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用布氏硬度试验、拉伸试验、金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法,研究了Mg、Si含量变化对Al-Mg-Si合金力学性能和耐晶间腐蚀性能以及析出行为的影响。结果表明:随着Mg、Si含量的增加,Al-Mg-Si合金的时效硬化速率显著提高,时效峰值硬度和强度均提高。在峰值时效状态下,高Mg、Si含量的合金的硬度与抗拉强度最高,但其耐晶间腐蚀性能明显降低。高Mg、Si含量的合金在时效过程中晶内析出了大量细小弥散的β″相,晶界析出相呈细小连续分布;低Mg、Si含量的合金晶内析出的β″析出相尺寸较大,晶界无沉淀析出相。     

双级时效对等温多向锻造近β钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究新型近 βTi?4Al?1Sn?2Zr?5Mo?8V?2.5Cr(质量分数,％)合金经α+β区退火处理(ST)后进行单级时效(SA)或双级时效(DA)对显微组织演变和力学性能的影响.结果表明,与SA相比,合金经过DA处理后析出的次生α相更加细小,其主要机制为300℃预时...     

Mg含量对高真空压铸AlSi10MgMn合金时效强化的影响

完成不同Mg含量Al Si Mg Mn合金高真空压铸实验,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)对合金微观组织进行分析,得出不同Mg含量下时效析出β″相的密度,并讨论其对力学性能的影响。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)对不同Mg含量的合金时效析出动力学进行分析,结合Arami-Johnson-Mehl方程计算析出相的析出动力学参数。结果表明:Mg含量较少时,时效强化效果不明显,随着Mg含量的提高,时效强化效果逐渐提高;Mg含量的增加显著提高合金中β″相的数密度,β″相为合金时效强化的主要影响因素;随着Mg含量的增加,达到峰值时效的时间越长,且β″相析出激活能增大。     

热处理工艺对变形ZK60镁合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、金相分析、SEM和TEM等方法测试和分析ZK60镁合金在挤压态、T5、T6及双级时效态下合金的力学性能和显微组织.结果表明,经过T5时效处理后,合金屈服强度和伸长率提高,而T6时效处理对合金的强度和伸长率影响不大,双级时效可明显提高合金的强度,但是伸长率稍有降低.经T5、T6时效后,合金中析出大量细小弥散的β'1相,为合金的主要强化相,双级时效能提高β'1相的析出密度,从而提高合金的强度.ZK60挤压态和T5态合金的断裂方式为混合型断裂,而T6和双级时效的断裂方式为解理断裂.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.