反应模晶生长法制备BNKT织构化陶瓷的研究

以熔盐法制备的片状Bi4Ti3O12作为种晶，通过流延工艺，采用反应模晶生长法（RTGG）制备了具有〈001〉择优取向的Bi0．5（Na0.8K0.2）0．5TiO3（BNKT）陶瓷。研究了流延工艺和烧结工艺参数对织构化程度的影响，XRD测试结果表明，这种方法得到的BNKT陶瓷具有f≥0．9的织构度，其压电性能也有了很大提高，与传统方法相比，d33增长了32％。     

铋掺杂对（Na0．5K0．5）NbO3无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了掺铋 （Na0.5K0.5）NbO3（NKN）无铅压电致密陶瓷，研究了Bi2O3对 （Na0.5K0.5）NbO3晶体结构和压电性能的影响。结果表明：当Bi2O3含量小于0．7％（质量分数，下同）时，能得到具有纯钙钛矿结构的NKN基陶瓷，其烧结温度随着Bi2O3掺杂量的增加而升高，试样密度与纯NKN陶瓷相比有显著提高。 （Na0.5K0.5）NbO3压电常数d33，机电耦合系数kp、kt随Bi2O3含量的增加先升高而后降低，并在x=0．5％时达到最大值，而且机械品质因子Qm大大提高。当Bi2O3掺杂量为0．5％时， （Na0.5K0.5）NbO3无铅压电陶的密度达4．46g／cm^3，表现出优异的压电性能，d33=138pC／N，kp=46％，kt=44％，tanδ=2．9％，εr=466和Qm=167。     

Sb2O3掺杂（Na0．84K0．16）0．5Bi0．5TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的压电与介电性能研究

采用传统陶瓷的制备方法，制备出Sb2O3掺杂的（Na0．84K0．16）0．5Bi0．5TiO3的无铅压电陶瓷。XRD分析表明，Sb2O3的掺杂量在0．1％～0．6％（质量分数）范围内都能够形成纯钙钛矿（ABO3）型固溶体。陶瓷材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷在升温过程中存在两个介电常数温度峰，结合不同温度下的电滞回线观测，认为两个介电峰分别是材料的铁电-反铁电和反铁电-顺电相变，宽化的介电峰同时也表明所研究陶瓷具有驰豫铁电体特征。测试了不同组成陶瓷的压电性能，在Sb2O3掺杂量为0．1％时陶瓷的压电常数d33=124pC／N，为所研究组成中的最大值，平面机电耦合系数kp=24．87％，略有下降，材料的介电常数ε33^T／ε0和介质损耗tanδ则随掺杂量的增加而增加。     

掺杂MnO2的（Pb1-xBax）Nb2O6高居里温度压电陶瓷研究

采用传统电子陶瓷的制备方法，制备出掺杂0．3％（质量分数，下同）MnO2的（Pb1-xBax）Nb2O6高居里温度压电陶瓷。X射线衍射分析表明：X=0时，形成三方钨青铜型固溶体，x=0．01～0．08时，均形成斜方钨青铜型固溶体。利用XRD数据计算了晶体的晶格常数随X的变化，发现随着X含量的增加，晶格常数略有提高，晶胞体积逐渐增大。陶瓷材料的居里温度测试结果表明该体系具有较高的居里温度Tc（490～550℃）。测试了不同组成陶瓷的压电、介电性能，在X=0．05时陶瓷的压电常数以3达到最大值（70pC／N），平面机电耦合系数‰为36．4％，材料的介电常数ε33；^T／εo=350，介质损耗tanδ=1％，该组成具有优异的压电性能，适合于高温环境下使用。     

CaCu3Ti4O12／NiCuZn铁氧体基磁电复合材料研究

将CCTO（CaCu3Ti4O12）与NiCuZn铁氧体进行复合,系统地研究了组分变化对这种新型磁电复合材料的烧结性能、晶相结构、显微结构和磁电性能的影响。随后,为了实现复合材料的低温烧结以及综合考虑复相陶瓷的磁电性能,选取80％（质量分数,下同）NiCuZn铁氧体／20％CCTO组分,以BBSZ（Bi2O3-H38O3-SiO2-ZnO）玻璃作为助熔剂,研究了CCTO／NiCuZn铁氧体基复合材料的烧结行为和磁电性能。结果表明,掺杂BBSZ后,900℃下烧结的所有样品的密度均达到了复相陶瓷理论密度的95％,且复相陶瓷的介电常数和磁导率在1～30MHz范围内均不依赖于频率的变化。在10MHz的频率下,当BBSZ的含量从0增加到3％时,复相陶瓷磁导率μ从13．2增加到47．9,磁损耗tanδμ从0．022下降到0．017,同时,样品的谐振频率从10^9Hz左右移动到3．2×10^8Hz。相应地,复相陶瓷的介电常数F从9．2增加到16,介电损耗tanδε从0．069下降到0．012。这一优异的整体性能使其有望实际应用。     

Bi对Ba（Sn0．1Ti0．9）O3陶瓷介电性质的调节作用

采用传统的固相反应烧结工艺制备出了Ba1．3xBi2x（Ti0.9Sn0.1）O3（x=0,0．1％，0．2％，0．4％，0．6％，0．8％，1．0％，1．2％，1．4％）9种铁电陶瓷，利用XRD和介电温谱对陶瓷的物相结构与相变特性进行了研究。结果表明，产物为单相钙钛矿结构，Bi的A位轻量替代可以对陶瓷的介电性质和相变温度产生很大影响，随Bi元素在A位替代量的增加陶瓷从一般铁电体向驰豫铁电体转变，且弥散相变特征加重。     

Ag^＋掺杂Na0．5K0．5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷的无压烧结及性能研究

铅基压电陶瓷在制备、使用及废弃处理过程中都会造成环境污染，随着环保意识的增强，无铅压电陶瓷必将逐步替代铅基压电陶瓷。Na0．5K0．5NbO3是一种很有潜力的无铅压电陶瓷，掺杂各种元素提升Na0．5K0．5NbO3陶瓷的压电性能成为当今研究热点之一。本研究以Ag2O、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Nb2O5为原料，经750℃焙烧分别合成了Na0．5K0.5NbO3和AgNbO3粉料，再经配料、混料与成型，在1060℃埋粉烧结，制备出Ag^＋掺杂的Na0.5K0．5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷（xAgNbO3-（1-x）Na0.5K0．5NbO3，ANKN），并在较宽成分范围内（Ag^＋含量，x=0-50at％）系统研究了Ag^＋掺杂对ANKN陶瓷性能的影响。XRD结果表明，ANKN陶瓷的主相为钙钛矿型结构，当x〉16at％，开始出现K5-75Nb10．85O30杂相，随着Ag掺杂量的增加，杂相的衍射峰增强。电学性能测试结果表明，当x〈20at％，随Ag掺杂量的增加ANKN陶瓷的压电常数、介电常数等略有升高；当x〉20at％，ANKN陶瓷的各项性能均开始降低；Ag掺加量为x=16at％时ANKN陶瓷性能最佳，压电常数d33达到110pC／N，平面机电耦合系数kp为30％，相对介电常数εr为358，居里温度Tc为300℃。     

Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相陶瓷的制备及其性能

以工业级α-Al2O3、金红石型TiO2和轻质MgO粉体为原料，过量配置α-Al2O3，采用固相反应法于1400℃煅烧实现了Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相粉体的原位合成，实现两相的均匀混合，原位制备出性能良好的Al2O3／Al2（1-0．2）Mg0．2Ti（1＋0．2）O5基复相陶瓷。利用XRD对原位合成的复相陶瓷粉体的相组成进行了表征，利用FESEM观察了复相陶瓷的断口形貌，测量了复相陶瓷的烧结密度、抗弯强度和热膨胀系数，研究了第二相Al2O3的引入量对钛酸铝基陶瓷的微观结构、抗弯强度和热膨胀性能的影响。结果显示，当复相Al2O3的引入量为15％（质量分数）时，钛酸铝基复相陶瓷的抗弯强度提高到108MPa，并且具有较低地热膨胀系数0．7×10^-6／℃。     

（Bi0．5Na0．5）TiO3-（Bi0．5K0．5）TiO3陶瓷在准同型相界附近的铁电和压电性能

通过传统的固相烧结法合成（1-x）（Bi0.5Na0.5）TiO3-x（Bi0.5K0.5）TiO3陶瓷（x选取范围0．135-0．24）。先在850℃合成原料粉体，然后在1100～1200℃下烧结得到陶瓷样品。分析检测该体系陶瓷的结构以及铁电、压电性能。x射线衍射分析结果表明，该二元系准同型相界（MPB）区域位于x=0．165～0．225附近。对这一体系铁电和压电性能进行测试，并对其在准同型相界附近的电学性能发生变化的机理作了讨论。（Bi0．5Na0．5）TiO3-（Bi0.5K0.5）TiO3是一种很有应用前景的无铅压电陶瓷材料，值得进一步的研究和探索。同时，本实验还对密封烧结工艺对无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响作了初步的研究。     

镨掺杂PZT二元系压电陶瓷性能研究

以固态氧化物为原料，采用传统方法制备错掺杂PZT压电陶瓷。通过XPS，XRD以及SEM方法分析组成为Pb1-1．5xPbZr0．54Ti0．46O3（x=0．02～0．08）压电陶瓷的元素价态，相组成以及显微结构。结果发现：合成温度900℃，可以得到钙钛矿结构。在镨掺杂为3mol％的准同型相界附近三方相和四方相并存，综合性能达最佳值：E33^T／ε0=2000，d33=418pC/N，Kp=52．9％，Qm=75。随着镨掺杂量的增加，Pr-PZT陶瓷的居里温度降低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.