多孔NiTi合金直流-脉冲阳极氧化表面改性研究

采用低温直流-脉冲阳极氧化技术对多孔NiTi合金表面进行改性,分析直流-脉冲阳极氧化过程,利用XPS、SEM、动电位极化对阳极氧化膜的组成、形貌以及耐腐蚀性进行研究,观察阳极氧化前后多孔NiTi合金在模拟人工体液中Ni离子释放行为。研究结果表明在直流3 A、脉冲6 A下阳极氧化的多孔NiTi合金表面形成了一层均匀的多孔氧化膜,其厚度在190 nm左右,主要成分为Ti的氧化物,阳极氧化后多孔NiTi合金的耐腐蚀性显著提高,其Ni离子释放速率大幅度降低。     

颗粒尺寸对微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的显微结构及力学性能的影响

以不同颗粒尺寸的Ni/Ti粉末为原料,采用微波烧结技术制备了多孔NiTi合金,并系统考察了颗粒尺寸对多孔NiTi合金的显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着颗粒尺寸的减小,多孔NiTi合金中的Ti2Ni和Ni3Ti第二相减少而单质Ni相消失。同时,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙形貌由带尖角的不规则形状向近球形转变。此外,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率和孔径随着颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,而洛氏硬度、抗压强度和抗弯强度均下降。因此,减小颗粒尺寸有利于获得理想的显微结构(纯净的物相和均匀的孔隙结构)和提高微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的力学性能。     

颗粒尺寸对微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的显微结构及力学性能的影响（英文）

以不同颗粒尺寸的Ni/Ti粉末为原料,采用微波烧结技术制备了多孔NiTi合金,并系统考察了颗粒尺寸对多孔NiTi合金的显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着颗粒尺寸的减小,多孔NiTi合金中的Ti_2Ni和Ni_3Ti第二相减少而单质Ni相消失。同时,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙形貌由带尖角的不规则形状向近球形转变。此外,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率和孔径随着颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,而洛氏硬度、抗压强度和抗弯强度均下降。因此,减小颗粒尺寸有利于获得理想的显微结构(纯净的物相和均匀的孔隙结构)和提高微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的力学性能。     

低温超音速火焰喷涂Ti-Ni涂层热处理合金化

以Ni包覆Ti粉末为原始粉末,采用低温超音速火焰喷涂(low temperature High Velocity Oxygen Fuel,LT-HVOF)工艺沉积了Ti-Ni涂层.采用SEM、XRD等分析了Ti-Ni涂层显微结构和相组成,探讨了热处理工艺对涂层的相组成和显微结构影响.结果表明,在950℃×5 h下单质Ti与Ni完全合金化为NiTi(B2),Ni3Ti及Ti2Ni.在950℃×5 h+850℃×1h+水冷,涂层中NiTi(B2)结晶度更高,涂层均匀致密.     

多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的制备工艺

以NH_4HCO_3为造孔剂,利用元素粉末混合烧结法制备了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金。研究了压制压力、烧结温度和烧结时间对多孔NiTi合金孔结构的影响,并分析了其物相组成。结果表明:随压制压力的增加,平均孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;随烧结温度提高,多孔NiTi合金的平均孔径减小、孔隙率先增加后减少,孔隙分布趋于均匀;随烧结时间延长,多孔NiTi合金的平均孔径及孔隙率先增加后减少。在造孔剂添加量50%,压制压力250 MPa,烧结温度1000℃,烧结时间6 h条件下可制备出孔结构均匀(平均孔径为314μm,孔隙率56.3%)的多孔NiTi合金,其基体相为B2(NiTi)相。     

冷却速率对多相透氢V-Ti-Ni合金的组织与性能的影响

本文研究了冷却速率对多相V55Ti30Ni15合金的显微组织、硬度和氢渗透性能的影响。V55Ti30Ni15合金显微组织由V(Ti, Ni)固溶体、NiTi和NiTi2化合物组成。凝固时冷却速率对合金的组织和性能有很大的影响。合金铸锭凝固过程中V(Ti,Ni)固溶体的体积分数随冷却速率的增大而减小,二次枝晶臂间距和宽度也呈现出同样的变化趋势。合金硬度随着冷却速率的升高不断增大,氢渗透率却随之降低。V-Ti-Ni多相合金400℃的氢渗透率与V(Ti, Ni)固溶体体积分数成线性关系。合金铸锭氢渗透率不仅与V(Ti, Ni)固溶体的相对含量有关,而且与固溶体中Ti、Ni合金元素含量和相界的体积有关。     

SPS制备NiTi表面多孔梯度合金的组织演变与力学性能研究

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了基体为NiTi、表面为多孔NiTi的生物医用梯度合金,研究了烧结温度对梯度合金的微观结构、显微组织演变、表面孔隙特征及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度升高,合金由Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti混合相逐渐演变为以NiTi相为主及少量残留Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti相组成的组织,基体与多孔层界面处裂纹及缺陷逐渐减少并形成稳定的冶金结合,内外层晶粒不断细化,但过高的烧结温度会导致多孔层孔隙融合连通,使得梯度结构遭到破坏,同时表面多孔层孔隙率与平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;合金压缩弹性模量随烧结温度升高变化不明显,而抗压强度呈显著增大趋势。与块体NiTi合金及多孔NiTi合金相比,所制备梯度合金不仅具有良好的界面结合和表层孔隙特征、较高的抗压强度及较低的弹性模量,还具有优异的超弹性性能。     

Ni含量对镍钛合金的力学和摩擦学性能的影响

本文通过机械合金化和放电等离子烧结法(SPS)在1000 ℃制备具有不同Ni含量的镍钛合金,采用显微硬度仪研究不同Ni含量NiTi合金的显微硬度变化规律,通过摩擦磨损试验机和万能试验机研究NiTi合金室温摩擦学性能和力学性能,采用三维白光轮廓仪扫描磨痕形貌并计算NiTi合金的磨损体积和磨损率,采用扫描电子显微镜研究磨损表面形貌。结果表明：通过球磨和SPS制备的NiTi合金组织均匀,在镍含量低于50 wt. %时,显微组织中只有NiTi相和NiTi₂相,镍含量高于50 wt. %时,显微组织中只有NiTi相和Ni₃Ti相。Ni含量为50 wt. %时可以显著提高NiTi合金的显微硬度,随着镍含量增加NiTi合金的抗压强度降低,Ni含量为55 wt. %时可以显著改善NiTi合金的摩擦学性能,其主要磨损机理是磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损。     

可变孔隙率多孔NiTi合金的内耗行为

研究了不同孔隙特征多孔NiTi合金的内耗与相变行为及其频率响应,提出用等效内耗参数表征多孔NiTi合金实体部分的阻尼能力.结果表明:多孔NiTi合金内耗峰产生的主要诱发因素是相变及应力诱发下各种界面(含孪晶界、相界面等)的迁移;在不同的加载频率下,多孔NiTi合金的内耗值曲线按双曲线规律变化;在相同的频率和振幅下,孔隙率、孔隙尺寸和开孔度的增加导致与界面迁移相关内耗幅值有所削弱;各内耗峰值温度也受到孔隙参数的影响;多孔NiTi合金的等效内耗峰值明显高于致密NiTi合金.     

TiC含量对多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料组织及力学性能的影响

采用微波烧结技术制备了多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料,研究了TiC含量和NH_4HCO_3含量对复合材料的显微组织、抗压强度和抗弯强度的影响。结果表明,TiC颗粒均匀弥散地分布在多孔NiTi合金基体中,TiC与NiTi基体界面结合良好。多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料由NiTi、Ni_3Ti、Ti_2Ni和TiC相组成。TiC颗粒未改变多孔NiTi合金的相组成,但使合金孔隙数量减少而孔径增大。随着TiC含量的增加,多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料的孔隙率增大。当NH_4HCO_3含量为0时,随着TiC含量的增加,多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料的抗压强度和弹性模量先增加后降低,在5 mass%时达到最大值,分别为1663.22 MPa和6.87 GPa。当NH_4HCO_3含量为10%时,复合材料的抗压强度和弹性模量随TiC含量的增加而下降。TiC颗粒的添加对多孔NiTi合金的抗弯强度具有负面影响,复合材料的抗弯强度随着TiC含量的增加而下降。此外,NH_4HCO_3可大幅度增加多孔TiC/NiTi复合材料的孔隙率,但同时也大幅度降低复合材料的抗压强度和抗弯强度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.