气流干燥生产工艺中的仪表设计

由我院生后研制和设计成功的饲料磷酸氢钙和牙膏，食品添加剂（食用磷酸氢钙）项目中，其技术关键为脱氟和气流干燥，而物料在进行气流干燥时，温度，压力的测量和控制，是保证产品的产品质量的重要手段，本文介绍了工艺中仪表设计经验。     

树脂型胶印油墨用透明胶质钙的研制

就树脂胶印油墨用碳酸钙在研制中的一些技术问题进行了探讨，实验表明油墨的透明度与胶质钙的粒径，晶型相关性，适宜的表面活性剂可增加胶质钙的分散性，并提出了对其透明及流动度控制和检测方法。     

垦利石化自制柴油精制剂使用总结

随着重油催化裂化技术的进一步发展，掺渣比例也越来越高，如何解决重油催化裂化柴油的不安定已成为各炼油厂面临的一个难点问题。本文初步分析了柴油化学组成对其安定性的影响，并着重介绍了垦利石化总厂自行研制的柴油精制剂在工业上的应用，以及柴油精制的工艺流程和控制方案，并分析了其使用效果和展望了其市场前景。     

袋收尘器用新型 TWK 微机控制装置

袋收尘器用新型ＴＷＫ微机控制装置焦永道于成毛晓俊国家建材局合肥水泥研究设计院１前言工业生产采用微机控制是当今世界技术发展的一大趋势。我们从事袋收尘器微机控制的研究，先后研制了ＨＷＢ－Ⅰ、ＨＷＢ－Ⅱ、ＨＷＢ－Ⅲ型专用仪，进行了广泛的推广应用，先后获得建...     

国产液氮泵车在国内外市场竞争态势预测与探究

随着中深井的开采以及其施工的指标不断提高，社会需求量不断加大，所以过去的常规热收回式液氮泵车旱已不能过满足油田的需求。对此，我国应该研究学习国外同类设备的制造技术，并在此基础上研制出大排量、高性能的液氮泵车迫在眉睫，这样一来设备控制先进而且可以保障施工质量。     

改性高铁酸钾生产新技术

由中国科学院研制开发的改性高铁酸钾生产技术，首次把分步掺杂技术用于生产改性高铁酸钾，使高铁酸钾的生产过程变得容易控制。该产品稳定性大幅提高，对金属的腐蚀性大大减弱，因而可真正用作新一代的绿色广谱消毒剂和净水剂。     

基于层层自组装技术的抗污染膜研究进展

膜分离技术已经广泛应用于污水处理领域，但膜污染是制约其进一步发展的主要障碍，开发抗污染膜材料实现节能降耗是目前膜法污水处理领域的研究热点之一。层层自组装作为一种膜表面改性技术，具有组装材料丰富、适用场景广泛、制备条件温和、分子水平结构可控等特点，已被应用于抗污染膜材料的研制中。本文综述了近年来基于层层自组装技术的水处理用抗污染膜的研究进展，在阐释层层自组装技术应用于膜污染控制机制的基础上，重点总结了基膜的选择和处理、抗污染组装单元的种类和复合方式、组装层数、制备方法对膜抗污染性能的影响，并对未来该技术实现膜污染控制的构筑设计和发展方向，如组装过程机制挖掘、制膜工艺优化、制膜成本降低、长期稳定性提升等方面进行了展望。     

连续铸造Φ50×3760mm细长铸铁冷却管

介绍了连续铸造Φ５０×３７６０ｍｍ细长铸铁冷却管的研制过程，重点介绍了这种细长铸铁管的技术要求及相应的研制设备、拉管工艺和控制铸铁冷却管的变形措施及弯曲变形的矫正方法，实施后不但降低了铸铁冷却管的废品率，而且提高了经济效益。     

连续铸造φ50×3760mm细长铸铁冷却管的研制

本文介绍了连续铸造φ５０×３７６０ｍｍ细长铸铁冷却管的研制过程，重点介绍了这种细长铸铁管的技术要求及相应的研制设备，拉管工艺和控制铸铁冷却管的变形措施及弯曲变形的矫正方法，实施后，不但降低了了铸铁冷却管的废品率，而且提高了经济效益。     

改性高铁酸钾可工业化生产

从廊坊市生产力促进中心获悉，由中国科学院研制开发的改性高铁酸钾生产技术，首次把分步掺杂技术用于生产改性高铁酸钾，使高铁酸钾的生产过程变得容易控制。该产品稳定性大幅提高，对金属的腐蚀性大大减弱，因而可真正用作新一代的绿色广谱消毒剂和净水剂。     

Model-based control strategies for a chemical batch reactor with exothermic reactions

Batch reactor control provides a very challenging problem for the process control engineer. This is because a characteristic of its dynamic behavior shows a high nonlinearity. Since applicability of the batch reactor is quite limited to the effectiveness of an applied control strategy, the use of advanced control techniques is often beneficial. This work presents the implementation and comparison of two advanced nonlinear control strategies, model predictive control (MPC) and generic model control (GMC), for controlling the temperature of a batch reactor involving a complex exothermic reaction scheme. An extended Kalman filter is incorporated in both controllers as an on-line estimator. Simulation studies demonstrate that the performance of the MPC is slightly better than that of the GMC control in nominal case. For model mismatch cases, the MPC still gives better control performance than the GMC does in the presence of plant/model mismatch in reaction rate and heat transfer coefficient.     

大时滞过程控制方法及应用

论述了时滞系统的各种控制方法的原理和优缺点,从最早的Smith预估控制到新近发展的各种智能控制技术以及它们的融合,指出时滞系统的控制仍然是控制领域中的研究热点,特别是基于无参数模型的时滞过程控制的研究更是方兴未艾。可以认为,智能控制技术和传统的滞后控制方法的结合对时滞过程的控制是有效的,可望在工业实践中得到应用。     

模糊PID复合控制在三聚甲醛生产中的应用

三聚甲醛的合成受很多因素的影响与制约,具有大滞后、强耦合、难以建立合适数学模型的特点。传统的PID控制很难达到工艺指标要求。采用模糊PID复合控制方式,通过模糊控制与PID控制的自动切换,偏差较大时采用模糊控制方式,以减小超调量并缩短调节时间;偏差较小时切换至PID控制以消除稳态误差。模糊PID控制将模糊控制动态性能好与PID控制稳态精度高的优点相结合,在生产过程中取得了明显的效果。     

Inferential closed-loop control of particle size distribution for styrene emulsion polymerization

In this work, a new control strategy for controlling the particle size distribution (PSD) in emulsion polymerization has been proposed. It is shown that the desired PSD can be achieved by controlling the free surfactant concentration which in turn can be done by manipulating the surfactant feed rate. Simulation results show that the closed-loop control of free surfactant concentration results in a better control of PSD compared to open-loop control strategy, in presence of model mismatch and disturbances. Since the on-line measuring of ionic free surfactant concentration is difficult, conductivity which is related to it is measured instead and used for control purposes. The closed-loop control of conductivity also results in a better control of PSD compared to open-loop control strategy, but its performance is not as good as controlling free surfactant concentration in presence of model mismatch.     

Two-degree-of-freedom output feedback controllers for nonlinear processes

In this work, a nonlinear output feedback control algorithm is proposed, in the spirit of model-state feedback control. The structure provides state estimates using a process model, the measured output, and the residual between the model output and the measured output. These estimates will track the process states at a rate determined by a set of tunable parameters. An algebraic transformation of the state estimates is incorporated in the control structure to ensure that the input/output gain of the observer matches the model upon which the static state feedback control law is based. The transformed states are then used in the control law. This leads to a controller of minimal order possessing integral action. The control structure is shown to have the same properties as the standard model-state feedback structure. The resulting algorithm is a two-degree of freedom control law, in the sense that the control action is not a function of the error only, but the output and the set point are processed in different ways. Finally, a simulation example using an exothermic CSTR operating at an open-loop unstable steady state is used to demonstrate the closed-loop performance of the proposed method.     

Model predictive control for the reactant concentration control of a reactor

The reactant concentration control of a reactor using Model Predictive Control (MPC) is presented in this paper. Two major difficulties in the control of reactant concentration are that the measurement of concentration is not available for the control point of view and it is not possible to control the concentration without considering the reactor temperature. Therefore, MIMO control techniques and state and parameter estimation are needed. One of the MIMO control techniques widely studied recently is MPC. The basic concept of MPC is that it computes a control trajectory for a whole horizon time minimising a cost function of a plant subject to a dynamic plant model and an end point constraint. However, only the initial value of controls is then applied. Feedback is incorporated by using the measurements/estimates to reconstruct the calculation for the next time step. Since MPC is a model based controller, it requires the measurement of the states of an appropriate process model. However, in most industrial processes, the state variables are not all measurable. Therefore, an extended Kalman filter (EKF), one of estimation techniques, is also utilised to estimate unknown/uncertain parameters of the system. Simulation results have demonstrated that without the reactor temperature constraint, the MPC with EKF can control the reactant concentration at a desired set point but the reactor temperator is raised over a maximum allowable value. On the other hand, when the maximun allowable value is added as a constraint, the MPC with EKF can control the reactant concentration at the desired set point with less drastic control action and within the reactor temperature constraint. This shows that the MPC with EKF is applicable to control the reactant concentration of chemical reactors.     

ROBUST DECOUPLING CONTROL BASED ON EXTERNAL LOOPS

Decoupling control can substantially simplify the design of multivariable control systems. However, decouplers are usually sensitive to modeling errors, especially for the systems with relative gains being far away from unity. Hence, decoupling control is limited in practical application. In the present study, robust control of a decoupling system with external loops is developed. Design of the control system consists of two steps. The first step is to design the decoupler and the controller based on the nominal plant. The second step is to design the filters in the external loops by using a robust stability criterion. The robust control is implemented without changing the original design of the decoupler and the controller. The control system with external loops for decoupling control significantly improves the control performance. The proposed robust control enhances the applicability of decoupling control.     

模式切换类经济预测控制切换时间在线估计

针对一类非线性仿射系统，提出一种在线估计切换时间的经济模型预测控制算法，并将其拓展到长周期控制过程中。有限时间内，将切换时间作为变量实时更新估计，确定最优的切换操作点，以保证每一时刻都可以在控制目标可达的前提下经济性能最优，避免了传统切换经济预测控制策略可能出现的控制目标不可达或经济性能较差的情况。进一步，将该策略作为单周期应用到长周期优化控制过程中，当系统受到扰动时，开始一个新的优化控制周期，实现优化模式与控制模式的灵活切换，同时可以及时应对扰动的出现。该策略保证系统的综合性能最优，仿真结果证明了方法的有效性。     

Control strategies for thermal budget and temperature uniformity in spike rapid thermal processing systems

Single wafer rapid thermal processing (RTP) is widely used in semiconductor manufacturing. A precisely applied thermal budget during RTP is crucial and relies on the temperature control of the wafer. However, temperature control in the RTP system with a spike-shaped temperature profile is a challenging task, and achieving perfect servo control is almost impossible because of the high temperature ramp-up/down rate and substantial nonlinearity of the process. This paper presents a novel method of control system design to provide a precise thermal budget in the spike RTP system. By tuning controller parameters and designing the set-point profile, the method targets thermal budget indices instead of temperature servo control. A nonlinear control strategy is proposed based on modeling the RTP system as a nonlinear Wiener model. Furthermore, a multivariable control structure is considered to maintain the temperature uniformity within the wafer. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and provide helpful guidelines for the design of a multivariable control configuration to achieve superior wafer temperature uniformity.     

Double-command fuzzy control of a nonlinear CSTR

In this research, double-command control of a nonlinear chemical system is addressed. The system is a stirred tank reactor; two flows of liquid with different concentrations enter the system through two valves and another flow exits the tank with a concentration between the two input concentrations. Fuzzy logic was employed to design a model-free double-command controller for this system in the simulation environment. In order to avoid output chattering and frequent change of control command (leading to frequent closing-opening of control valves, in practice) a damper rule is added to the fuzzy control system. A feedforward (steady state) control law is also derived from the nonlinear mathematical model of the system to be added to feedback (fuzzy) controller generating transient control command. The hybrid control system leads to a very smooth change of control input, which suits real applications. The proposed control system offers much lower error integral, control command change and processing time in comparison with neuro-predictive controllers.