基于数据包络分析的空调系统控制策略评估

基于数据包络分析方法构建了空调系统的运行基准面,并以运行基准面作为评估基准对空调系统的运行提高潜力进行了评估。采用分析的方法建立了空调系统的分析模型,通过粒子群优化算法(PSO)获取空调系统在一定运行工况下的理想运行状态。以某机场航站楼空调系统为研究对象,采用数据包络分析方法对5种控制策略进行了评估,结果表明:当采用机组优化启停策略时,空调系统的技术效率最高(为0.806),说明在该控制策略下系统的运行提高潜力最小(为19.4%),因此该控制策略为最优控制策略。根据技术效率的大小,进一步得到了5种控制策略的优劣排序。     

空调系统全局优化控制参数节能性研究

空调系统通常都没有运行在设计工况下,未能充分发挥系统整体的能力或者达到系统最高的效率。为使空调系统高效地运行,文中提出智能全局优化控制的策略,可以降低能耗,同时优化控制空调系统。文中选取空调送风温度、冷冻水供水温度以及冷却水供水温度作为整个空调系统的独立控制参数建立系统的能耗模型。在模拟过程中对比分析传统控制策略和智能全局优化控制策略,发现利用智能全局优化控制策略总能得出最经济的控制参数,使空调系统更经济。这样的控制模式也更加有利于空调系统运行过程的节能。     

集中空调控制参数的全局优化研究

大部分时间,建筑空调系统没有运行在设计工况下.为了使空调系统在非设计工况下高效地运行,提出遗传算法全局优化控制的策略,可以降低能耗,同时优化控制空调系统.选取空调送风温度、冷冻水供水温度以及冷却水供水温度作为独立控制参数建立VAV+VWV空调系统的能耗模型.通过对比分析传统控制策略和遗传算法全局优化控制策略的模拟结果,...     

水蓄冷技术在严寒地区商业中心的应用

介绍大庆万达广场商业中心的空调水蓄冷系统设计,通过对此系统的技术经济分析和比较及对其投资回收年限的计算得出了该系统节能环保的结论,并对系统运行模式进行分析,确定了系统优先运行的控制策略、用冷平衡及运行策略.     

空调水泵季节运行能耗的探讨

在分析空调水系统全年综合能效比的基础上,具体介绍了系统不同负荷比例下各水泵运行工况点的计算方法,包括管路阻抗确定方法和水泵运行工况点影响因素。以某具体项目为例,分析了"三大一小、一机对一泵"条件下泵组定频运行、在小泵优先启动和大泵优先启动两种控制策略下、10%~100%不同负荷比例时,泵组内各水泵运行状态点及季节能耗。影响空调水系统能耗的因素很多,根据空调系统的运行特性,合理进行水泵型号匹配及运行策略优化,对提高系统稳定性及减少空调系统的运行能耗具有重要意义。     

空调水系统VWV节能控制

本文指出了空调水系统的节能在建筑节能中的重要性,初步分析了空调水系统定水量运行方式存在的弊端,理论上分析了变水量运行的可行性,介绍了几种常用的变水量控制策略,通过水泵工作曲线和管网特性曲线对空调水系统变水量运行进行了节能分析．并比较了几种变水量控制策略下水泵的节电率。     

数据中心冷水空调系统与间接蒸发冷却空调系统建模对比分析

为了比较冷水空调系统与间接蒸发冷却空调系统的技术经济特性,对他们进行了建模计算。综合对比分析了2种空调系统在全国主要典型城市的应用效果。结果表明,冷水空调系统在优化的运行控制策略下可以取得较高的节能率,温和地区及北方电价较高地区应优先推广间接蒸发冷却技术。     

公共建筑地下室变配电房通风空调设计探讨

为消除变配电房室内余热,基于对通风和空调两种方案的分析对比,选择了合理的通风空调设计方案。以深圳市某大型公建地下室变配电房为例,对其室内空气处理过程进行了计算分析。在空调机组稳态运行条件下,确定了变配电房室内空气状态点,并提出了变配电房通风空调系统的节能运行控制策略。     

变风量空调系统不同控制策略下的能耗分析

变风量(VAV)空调系统因其优良的节能性和舒适性,获得了越来越广泛的应用。由于VAV系统的特性,需要复杂的自动控制系统来维持系统的正常运行,而不同的控制策略对建筑能耗以及舒适性的作用存在较大差异。本文分析了VAV系统中对能耗影响较大的常用控制系统:房间送风控制、空调箱送风控制、送风温度控制、制热(制冷)设备的控制、水泵控制,并分别选择各控制系统的基本策略和优化策略,利用TRNSYS仿真六个控制策略组合模型,分析各种控制策略对空调系统能耗的影响。结果显示,房间送风控制、水泵控制策略对能耗影响较为明显,而送风温度控制、冷冻水供水温度重置对能耗影响较小。     

不同控制策略下变风量空调系统夏季运行工况

针对变风量空调实际运行中出现的冷热不均问题,通过运行两种变静压、一种定静压控制策略下的变风量系统,对比分析室温、风量、风机频率、最大阀位、设定静压值与风机能耗的关系。结果表明:变风量箱在设计控制阀门的算法中除设定温度之外还需要考虑IAQ、相对湿度等因素;使用变风量空调之前应将室温降至设定温度后再打开自动控制系统,避免受到算法的延迟影响;定静压输送单位冷负荷需要消耗的电量,比测点靠近风机的变静压控制策略多7.8%,且降温效果较差;外界环境几乎相同的情况下,变静压策略中,静压基础点远离风机的控制策略较靠近风机的控制策略降温效果好,速度至少快14%,消耗电量几乎相同。     

Energy efficient control of variable speed pumps in complex building central air-conditioning systems

This paper presents the optimal control strategies for variable speed pumps with different configurations in complex building air-conditioning systems to enhance their energy efficiencies. Through a detailed analysis of the system characteristics, the pressure drop models for different water networks in complex air-conditioning systems are developed and then used to formulate an optimal pump sequence control strategy. This sequence control strategy determines the optimal number of pumps in operation taking into account their power consumptions and maintenance costs. The variable speed pumps in complex air-conditioning systems can be classified into two groups: the pumps distributing water to terminal units and pumps distributing water to heat exchanges. The speeds of pumps distributing water to terminal units are controlled by resetting the pressure differential set-point using the online opening signals of water control valves. The speeds of pumps distributing water to heat exchanges are controlled using a water flow controller. The performances of these strategies are tested and evaluated in a simulated virtual environment representing the complex air-conditioning system in a super high-rise building by comparing with that of other reference strategies. The results showed that about 12-32% of pump energy could be saved by using these optimal control strategies.     

智能控制技术在中央空调系统节能中的应用

由于中央空调系统的能耗高,系统比较复杂,传统的控制技术达不到有效的节能控制,从而引进了智能控制技术.运用智能控制理论中的模糊控制及神经网络控制原理,探讨研究智能控制技术在中央空调系统运行节能中的应用,并具体分析了模糊控制在定风量和变风量空调系统中的应用情况.     

地板空调系统和顶置空调系统控制策略的对比

介绍了地板送风空调系统的特性,分析比较了地板送风空调系统与常规顶置空调系统在控制策略上的相同和不同之处,并结合工程实际介绍了一种可靠的控制策略,以推广地板送风空调系统的应用。     

空调系统能效提升及运行管理系统技术集成与示范应用

重庆某商场全年能耗较高,中央空调设备运行效率低,缺少智能调节手段,具有很大的节能潜力。该文根据商场能耗特点和运行模式制定了空调控制系统节能改造方案,应用适宜的节能产品和实际运行效率优化控制策略,包括中央空调节能专家群控、水泵变频、风机变频等策略。在同样的工况下,分别进行常规模式运行和节能模式运行,实测数据表明,空调系统单项节能率达到30%。     

Dynamic and real-time simulation of BMS and air-conditioning system as a ‘living’ environment for learning/training

Dynamic and real-time simulation models are developed to simulate the thermal, hydraulic, mechanical, environmental and energy performance of building a variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning system and its building management system (BMS). On-line direct digital control (DDC) and supervisory strategies of the BMS controlling the dynamic air-conditioning system are simulated. A window-based users interface is developed to simulate the man–machine interface of a BMS, through which users can monitor the on-line operation, tune the local control loops, and reset the supervisory control strategies. This paper presents models, simulation software, and examples that users practice on the simulated on-line BMS and air-conditioning system using the software.     

太原阳光城国际广场空调防排烟设计

以阳光城国际广场空调防排烟设计为研究对象,介绍了空调冷热负荷及冷热源的选择,对空调风系统与水系统的设计策略进行了探讨,并分析了防排烟的设计方式,得到了一些新的设计理念,以供参考。     

机场航站楼空调系统节能控制技术研究与实施

空调系统作为机场建筑中的能耗大户之一,其节能控制技术的研究具有较高的应用价值.节能技术的成功实施可以很大程度上节省机场的运行费用,还可以大幅度地降低其对外部环境的影响.本文通过对上海浦东国际机场二期航站楼空调系统节能控制技术研究的介绍,阐述了空调节能控制的重要意义和具体实施策略.     

An optimal control strategy for complex building central chilled water systems for practical and real-time applications

This paper presents an optimal control strategy for online control of central chilled water systems in complex building air-conditioning systems to enhance their energy efficiency. The optimal control strategy is formulated using a systematic approach by considering the system level and subsystem level characteristics and interactions among the overall system. The requirements and constraints of practical applications are also carefully considered during the development of this strategy. This optimal control strategy consists of the model-based performance predictor (i.e., simplified models), cost estimator (i.e., cost function), optimization technique, supervisory strategy and a number of local control strategies. The local control strategies are used to ensure the robust operation and keep track of control settings considering the dynamic characteristics of the local process environment. The performance of this strategy is tested and evaluated in a simulated virtual environment representing the complex central chilling system in a super high-rise building by comparing it with that of other control strategies. The results showed that this strategy is more energy efficient and cost effective than the other strategies for online applications. This strategy is being implemented in the super high-rise building under study for field application and validation.     

舒适性空调系统全年节能运行控制研究

介绍了舒适性空调基于负荷分析的全牟多工况分区节能运行方法,提出了一种全年运行的多工况分区策略,并详细分析了各工况区的空气处理过程.该分区运行方法具有分区合理、控制简便、经济节能等特点.     

Field experiments on energy consumption and thermal comfort in the office environment controlled by occupants’ requirements from PC terminal

The thermal environment in an office is not always optimal from the viewpoint of energy-conservation and occupants’ comfort. The main reason is that air-conditioning systems are controlled without taking the occupants’ needs into account. In this study, we would like to propose a new system to control air-conditioning systems, lighting systems, etc. via occupants’ requests. This system collects occupants’ requests from their own personal computers and controls the air-conditioning system with logic that balances the needs of occupants and energy consumption. The control logic is referred to as “Logic for Building a Consensus” and can be adjusted according to operating strategies such as energy-saving or occupants’ satisfaction with their environment. Moreover, the variety of feedback motivates occupants to cooperate with energy-saving efforts.

An interactive system to use occupants’ requests for controlling the air-conditioning system and providing a variety of feedback was developed. A series of cooling experiments were conducted in an open-plan office where about 50 people worked. The results show that this interactive system could save 20% more energy compared with controlling an air-conditioning system at a constant 26 °C.