双气头多联产系统的Aspen Plus实现及工艺过程优化(Ⅰ) 模拟流程的建立及验证

通过流程模拟对煤基多联产系统进行过程优化是一种低成本、高效率的研究方法。通过稳态流程模拟软件Aspen Plus建立了二甲醚和电力为主要目标产品并副产甲醇的煤基多联产系统流程。采用气化煤气与焦炉煤气混合气作为气头,以达到利用焦炉煤气中高浓度甲烷、下一步工艺调整氢碳比并实现温室气体减排的目的。模拟流程中包括了空分、煤气化及净化、CH4/CO2重整、产品合成、燃气轮机联合循环发电等多联产系统中的5个主要工艺单元,涉及化学反应的CH4/CO2重整单元和二甲醚合成单元通过嵌入包含特定反应动力学参数的动力学子程序进行模拟。多联产系统综合考虑了化学反应的动力学和热力学,系统总体及各工艺单元物料、能量衡算一致,各个单元模拟数据与文献实验数据吻合。在建立流程的基础上,计算比较了热值加和效率与当量发电效率,发现考虑能量品质的当量发电效率更适合联产液体燃料和电能的多联产系统的评价。     

焦炉煤气资源及利用系统

估算了我国的焦炉煤气资源量,按照等热值比较,接近于我国2003年天然气的产量。将焦炉煤气分为已利用资源和待利用资源,分别讨论了三类机焦企业的利用状况。分析、比较了各种焦炉煤气利用系统,提出了钢铁联合企业以焦炉煤气作还原剂直接还原炼铁的多联产系统。     

双气头多联产中试装置的流程设计研究

为了综合利用气化煤气与焦炉煤气,拟建一座"双气头"多联产中试装置以进行研究.分析了多联产系统研究的特殊需求,由此产生了中试装置设计的主要原则;探讨了中试装置的单元技术方案,并在此基础上设计了一套中试规模的"双气头"多联产系统工艺流程;最后借助ASPENplus模拟软件对年产597 t甲醇的中试装置进行了计算,得到了系统的特性参数.设计方案和数据将为中试装置提供初步参考依据.     

焦炉煤气高附加值化利用新途径研究

我国每年产生1000亿Nm3左右的焦炉煤气.传统利用途径没有实现资源价值最优化利用.文章介绍了三种新利用途径,分别为生产SNG、DMM3～4和烯烃,对其效益进行了研究.三种新途径可比焦炉煤气直接销售效益提升3～12倍,最优化利用方式为生产DM3～8.     

焦炉煤气综合利用技术研究进展

为了更好地利用焦炉煤气,实现资源综合利用、节能减排、保护环境,本文分析了焦炉煤气的组成及其综合利用的可行性,介绍了其用于发电、燃料、制氢、制甲醇、制天然气、生产海绵铁的还原剂等技术的进展,并提出了焦炉煤气应向着清洁化、化工、多联产系统等新的利用方向发展的观点,这将有助于提高焦炉煤气的综合利用效率,促进我国焦化产业的可持续发展。     

基于焦炉煤气的联产制氢工艺技术研究

针对焦炉煤气中含氢量大、处理流程复杂、浪费量大的问题,提出了一种新的基于焦炉煤气的联产制氢工艺技术。对联产制氢的原理及反应流程等进行了分析,证明了焦炉煤气联产制氢的可靠性。根据实际应用表明,该工艺能够实现将焦炉煤气转换为具有高附加值的甲醇、氢等化工产品,极大地提升了焦化工厂的市场竞争力。     

焦炉煤气高效多联产利用技术

焦炉煤气是重要的能源和化工原料,介绍了当前焦炉煤气的基本利用方式,指出焦炉煤气多联产是焦炉煤气资源充分利用,实现效益最大化的方式之一。     

焦炉煤气在焦化循环经济中的多联产利用

为充分利用焦炉煤气生产各种高附加值化工产品,黑猫焦化进行了利用焦炉煤气发展循环经济的实践:包括焦炉煤气作燃料,回收焦油、硫磺、硫铵、粗苯等化工产品,制甲醇等;重点介绍了焦炉煤气制液氨联产甲醇、焦炉煤气制液化天然气联产甲醇、液氨、尿素的关键技术和工艺流程。利用这些技术可获得附加值较高的甲醇、液氨、LNG、尿素等化工产品,具有较好的经济效益。     

焦炉气的循环利用

详细论述了焦炉煤气作为燃料、钢铁企业还原气及提供氢源、生产天然气、制合成气、合成油和以焦炉气为龙头的多联产等化工方面的使用现状,并指出了其中存在的不足.     

焦炉煤气提纯制H2联产LNG技术

介绍了焦化行业对焦炉煤气的利用现状。以焦炉煤气提纯制H₂联产LNG为例,阐述了焦炉煤气提纯制H₂联产LNG技术的原理及简要流程,探讨了焦炉煤气中的杂质对生产的影响,并对不同工艺流程进行了分析比较。     

焦炉煤气掺烧驰放气的生产实践

对焦炉煤气掺烧驰放气的工艺进行了介绍,并考察分析了掺烧驰放气的影响,结果表明,掺烧驰放气后,焦炉的高向加热得到改善,燃烧室温度波动减小,劳动强度降低,地下室主管压力提高,直行温度符合规定的标准温度,对烟道吸力、石墨的生成、推焦基本没有影响,经济效益显著。     

柱塞气举排水采气工艺在苏里格气田的应用研究

柱塞气举排水采气工艺具有能够减少气体"滑脱"效应,增加间歇气举效率、单井增产效果显著等优点.柱塞气举工艺曹经在长庆气田的靖边气田少数单并上得到应用,取得一定效果.该工艺自去年以来在长庆气田的苏里格气田的部分气井上得到应用,使气井实现自动化启停,排水采气效果明显,柱塞气举工艺可进一步在苏里格气田推广使用.     

13C NMR analysis and gas uptake measurements of pure and mixed gas hydrates: Development of natural gas transport and storage method using gas hydrate

¹³C NMR spectra were obtained for pure CH₄, mixed CH₄+THF, and mixed CH₄+Neohexane hydrates in order to identify hydrate structure and cage occupancy of guest molecules. In contrast to the pure CH₄ hydrates, the NMR spectra of the mixed CH₄+THF hydrate verified that methane molecules could occupy only the small portion of 5¹² cages because the addition of THF, water-soluble guest component, to aqueous solution prevents the complete filling of methane molecules into small cages. Furthermore, from these NMR results one important conclusion can be made that methane molecules can’t be enclathrated at all in the large 5¹²6⁴ cages of structure II. In addition, gas uptake measurements were carried out to determine methane amount consumed during pure and mixed hydrate formation process. The moles of methane captured into pure CH₄ hydrate per mole of water were found to be similar to the full occupancy value, while the moles of methane captured into the mixed CH₄+THF hydrate per moles of water were much lower than the ideal value. The overall results drawn from this study can be usefully applied to storage and transportation of natural gas.     

Mixed gas and pure gas transport properties of copolyimide membranes

Copolyimides were synthesized from dianhydride of 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) with various diamine contents of 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) and 2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine (TeMPD) by chemical imidization in a two‐step procedure. Polyimides (PIs) were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, as well as specific volume and free volume. The gas transport properties for pure gas and blends of CO₂ and CH₄ for the homopolymers and 6FDA‐ODA/TeMPD copolymers were investigated at 35°C and 150 psi pressure. In pure gas permeation, permeability of CO₂ and CH₄ increased with increasing TeMPD content in the diamine moiety, whereas the ideal selectivity decreased with increasing TeMPD content. In the mixed gas permeation, permeabilities and separation factor were measured as a function of CO₂ feed molar fraction for five PI membranes. The behavior of pure gas and mixed gas permeabilities and separation factor of CO₂/CH₄ mixtures as the chemical nature of the diamine and the CO₂ molar fraction in the feed gas were varied and are discussed in detail. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2013     

焦炉煤气配加转炉煤气生产甲醇工艺介绍

介绍了焦炉煤气配加转炉煤气生产甲醇的工艺流程及主要技术特点。该工艺开辟了利用转炉煤气的新方法,可充分利用新鲜气的有用成分,具有增产甲醇和降低消耗等优点。     

天然气催化燃烧在燃气轮机和锅炉中的应用

综述了天然气催化燃烧技术在燃气轮机和热水锅炉中的应用和研究现状及其发展方向,介绍了几种不同形式的催化燃烧器和一些典型的设计实例,指出催化燃烧技术仍存在的问题。     

利用热导检测器实时检测混合气体组分含量的方法及装置

化工生产过程中,经常需要对混合气体中某一组分的含量进行实时检测。本文提出了一种利用热导检测器实时检测混合气体中某一组分浓度变化的方法及装置,详细介绍了该新型检测系统的原理、构造和使用方法。采用该装置对某流化床冷态模型中示踪气体的浓度进行了检测验证,实验结果表明,该套装置操作简单,通用性强,准确度较高。     

低成本合成气与合成气转化新技术

现有工艺和技术对合成气原料要求较高,造成了下游产品的成本偏高。研究了低成本合成气尤其是含氮合成气的利用技术,并对合成气制二甲醚、F-T合成、低温液相甲醇合成等新技术进行了介绍,指出了利用含氮合成气等低成本合成气存在的问题,并展望了其应用前景。     

A new process for synthesis gas by co-gasifying coal and natural gas

Production of synthesis gas with coal and natural gas co-gasification is a new process based on coupling of methane steam-reforming and coal gasification. The process concept is discussed in this paper. Experiments are carried out in a laboratory fixed-bed gasifying reactor to investigate the effect of feedstock on composition, ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide, concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the produced raw synthesis gas. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the effect of steam flow rate on component, ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide and concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide of the raw synthesis gas is slight, while the effect of oxygen flow rate is pronounced. When the ratio of oxygen to methane in feedstock is below 1, the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is greater than 1 and the total concentration of hydrogen and carbon monoxide is above 90%. Comparison of experimental results with calculated results shows that the composition of raw synthesis gas is near equilibrium.