Numerical prediction of hydrodynamic forces on a ship passing through a lock with different configurations简

A CFD method is used to numerically predict the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a ship passing through a lock with a constant speed. By solving the RANS equations in combination with the RNG k-e turbulence model, the unsteady viscous flow around the ship is simulated and the hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated. UDF is com-piled to define the ship motion. Meanwhile, grid regeneration is dealt with by using the dynamic mesh method and sliding interface technique. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the effects of free surface elevation are neglected in the numerical simulation. A bulk carrier ship model is taken as an example for the numerical study. The numerical results are presented and compared with the available experimental results. By analyzing the numerical results obtained for locks with different configurations, the influences of approach wall configuration, lock configuration symmetry and lock chamber breadth on the hydrodynamic forces and moments are demonstrated. The numerical method applied in this paper can qualitatively predict the ship-lock hydrodynamic interaction and pro-vide certain guidance on lock design.     

An integral calculation approach for numerical simulation of cavitating flow around a marine propeller behind the ship hull

In this paper, the unsteady cavitating turbulent flow around a marine propeller is simulated based on the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS) with emphasis on the hull-propeller interaction by an integral calculation approach, which means the propeller and hull are treated as a whole when the cavitating flow is calculated. The whole calculational domain is split to an inner rotating domain containing a propeller and an outer domain containing a hull. And the two split sections are connected together in ANSYS CFX by using the GGI interfaces and the transient rotor stator frame change/mixing model. The alternate rotation model is employed for the advection term in the momentum equations in order to reduce the numerical error. Comparison of predictions with measurements shows that the propeller thrust coefficient can be predicted satisfactorily. The unsteady cavitating flow around the propeller behind the ship hull wake shows quasi-periodic features including cavity inception, growth and shrinking. These features are effectively reproduced in the simulations which compare well to available experimental data. In addition, significant pressure fluctuations on the ship hull surface induced by the unsteady propeller cavitation are compared with experimental data at monitoring points on the hull surface. The predicted amplitudes of the first components corresponding to the first blade passing frequencies match well with the experimental data. The maximum error between the predictions and the experimental data for the pressure pulsations is around 8%, which is acceptable in most engineering applications.     

浅窄航道会遇船舶水动力相互作用数值计算

该文应用CFD软件对两船在浅窄航道中会遇时的水动力相互作用进行数值研究,通过求解非定常RANS方程并结合RNG k-ε湍流模型,采用动网格技术及UDF进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,对两船沿平行直线航行时的三维非定常黏性流场进行数值模拟,并对其相互作用水动力进行了计算。首先通过计算结果与试验数据进行对比,验证了数值方法的可行性和有效性;随后对四种船型在不同水深、航道宽度、两船航速比和船-船横向间距下的水动力进行了系列计算,通过结果分析得出了以上因素对两船会遇水动力相互作用的影响规律。     

湍流模型在船舶计算流体力学中的适用性研究

采用CFD 技术研究船舶黏性流场,能提供迅速的、准确的和低成本的船舶水动力性能以及全面、精细的流场信息预报结果,将有望成为船舶航行性能预报和优化的主要手段之一.通过总结前人对各种湍流模型在流场计算中的应用研究,对船舶CFD中湍流模型的选择方法进行了讨论.并采用标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型、Realizable k-ε模型、标准k-ω模型及SST k-ω 模型分别对集装箱船、油船和散货船绕流流场进行了数值计算,通过对流场分析及与试验结果比较得到了一些有意义的结论.     

双线船闸引航道水力特性数值模拟

长沙综合枢纽双线船闸共用引航道,船闸引用流量大,在灌、泄水时引航道内形成非恒定流,水流十分复杂.为确保引航道内船舶航行和停泊安全,采用三维数学模型对船闸最不利运行工况下引航道内复杂非恒定流进行了深入研究,分析了复杂水流形成机理、发展和传播过程,获得了不利工况下的波高、波速、比降和系缆力等水力要素,提出并研究了双线船闸错峰运行和增加船闸旁侧泄水等改善措施,有效改善了引航道内水流条件.研究成果已应用于依托工程中,船闸试运行表明研究提出的改善措施十分有效,该成果可供类似工程参考借鉴.     

大藤峡水利枢纽船闸中间渠道非恒定流三维数值模拟研究

采用两相流模型,辅以RNGk-ε湍流模型来模拟双级船闸中间渠道的水力特性,对于自由水面的模拟采用了VOF法.通过对中间渠道中非恒定流的三维数值模拟,主要针对波速、振荡波高、局部水面比降、渠道流速等水力要素进行分析,给出了上、下级船闸不同运转方式下的水力特性,为工程设计提供依据,且可为今后类似工程提供参考和借鉴.     

船体各种剖面的横摇阻尼与旋涡的形状

本文运用求解N－S方程的手法研究船体的横摇阻尼问题。利用作者原先提出的计算方法，数值模拟船体各种二维横剖面在横摇时的粘性流场。计算结果表明涡的位置与实验结果相当吻合，同时给出了横摇时各种横剖面的剪切应力与压力分布，比较各种不同剖面的旋涡形状可以发现，对于船舯附近的剖面，船体周围有两个涡，而对于船首或船尾附近的剖面，船体周围只有一个涡。利用这一数值模拟结果计算了包括粘性影响的横摇阻尼，计算结果表明横摇阻尼中压力成分比剪切应力成分要大。     

驶经桥墩船体非定常水动力相互作用数值预报

应用CFD软件对船舶通过桥区时的船体-桥墩水动力相互作用进行数值研究,通过使用动网格技术及UDF进行船舶运动过程中的网格更新,对船舶沿直线航线匀速驶经桥墩时的非定常粘性流场进行数值模拟,对桥墩诱导的船体非定常水动力进行数值预报,其中假设船舶航速很小,因而自由面兴波的影响可以忽略。以一艘集装箱船和一个垂直柱体桥墩模型为例,选取不同的船体-桥墩横向距离进行了数值计算,得到了作用在船体上的横向力和转首力矩时历曲线,分析了船体-桥墩横向距离对船体非定常水动力的影响。     

Hydrodynamic interaction.among hull,rudder and bank for a ship sailing along a bank in restricted waters

By applying a CFD tool to solve the RANS equations, the viscous flow around a model of hull-rudder system towed along a bank in shallow water is numerically simulated. Hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on the ship are calculated for different ship-bank distances and rudder angles. A container ship, KCS, is taken as an example for the numerical study. Under the assumption of low ship speed, the influences of free surface elevation and ship squat are assumed to be negligible. Based on the calculation results, the hydrodynamic interaction among the hull, rudder and bank is analyzed.     

Iterative Rankine HOBEM analysis of hull-form effects in forward-speed diffraction problem

A time-domain numerical algorithm based on the higher-order boundary element method and the iterative time-marching scheme is proposed for seakeeping analysis. The ship waves generated by a hull advancing at a constant forward speed in incident waves and the resultant diffraction forces acting on the hull are computed to investigate the hull-form effects on the hydrodynamic forces. A rectangular computational domain travelling at ship's speed is considered. An artificial damping beach for satisfying the radiation condition is installed at the outer portion of the free surface except the downstream side. An iterative time-marching scheme is employed for updating both kinematic and dynamic free-surface boundary conditions for numerical accuracy and stability. The boundary integral equation is solved by distributing higher-order boundary elements over the wetted body surface and the free surface. The hull-form effects on the naval hydrodynamics are investigated by comparing three different Wigley models. Finally, the corresponding unsteady wave patterns and the wave profiles around the hulls are illustrated and discussed.     

Numerical estimation of bank-propeller-hull interaction effect on ship manoeuvring using CFD method

This paper presents a numerical investigation of ship manoeuvring under the combined effect of bank and propeller. The incompressible turbulent flow with free surface around the self-propelled hull form is simulated using a commercial CFD software(ANSYS-FLUENT). In order to estimate the influence of the bank-propeller effect on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the ship, volume forces representing the propeller are added to Navier-Stokes equations. The numerical simulations are carried out using the equivalent of experiment conditions. The validation of the CFD model is performed by comparing the numerical results to the available experimental data. For this investigation, the impact of Ship-Bank distance and ship speed on the bank effect are tested with and without propeller. An additional parameter concerning the advance ratio of the propeller is also tested.     

SIMULATION OF TANK SLOSHING BASED ON OPENFOAM AND COUPLING WITH SHIP MOTIONS IN TIME DOMAIN

Tank sloshing in ship cargo is excited by ship motions, which induces impact load on tank wall and then affects the ship motion. Wave forces acting on ship hull and the retardation function are solved by using three-dimensional frequency domain theory and an impulse response function method based on the potential flow theory, and global ship motion is examined coupling with nonlinear tank sloshing which is simulated by viscous flow theory. Based on the open source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) development platform Open Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM), numerical calculation of ship motion coupled with tank sloshing is achieved and the corresponding numerical simulation and validation are carried out. With this method, the interactions of wave, ship body and tank sloshing are completely taken into consideration. This method has quite high efficiency for it takes advantage of potential flow theory for outer flow field and viscous flow theory for inside tank sloshing respectively. The numerical and experimental results of the ship motion agree well with each other.     

计及自由面兴波和螺旋桨非定常旋转效应的集装箱船舶绕流场计算研究

该文以商用软件FLUENT为平台,以KCS算例为对象,进行了计及自由面和螺旋桨非定常旋转效应的计算。考察了时间步长、自由面是否固化、湍流模式和网格数量、计算策略对计算结果的影响,确定了工程适用的计算方法,并应用于9000TEU集装箱船舶,与试验结果比较,吻合良好。     

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性数值模拟与验证研究

带自由液面的艇/桨干扰特性研究是水动力学领域的重点与难点.此文采用数值模拟方法研究了潜艇近水面航行时的艇/桨干扰特性.首先介绍了计算方法:流场采用RANS方法结合RNGk -ε湍流模型求解;自由液面捕捉采用VOF方法;螺旋桨运转采用滑移网格方法;带螺旋桨潜艇表面与计算域内全部采用结构化网格进行离散.然后,对于SUBOFF潜艇模型在不同浸深下的阻力特性进行了数值模拟,分析了自由液面对于模型阻力的定量影响.最后,对于带螺旋桨的SUBOFF潜艇模型在深潜与近水面状态下的艇后推力、扭矩进行了数值模拟,分析了自航因子,研究了艇/桨干扰特性.计算结果与试验结果进行了详细的对比分析,验证了计算方法与计算结果的可靠性.本文的工作可为将来构建数值拖曳水池提供技术支撑.     

基于CFD的船-舵水动力干扰数值研究

该文采用基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法,对匀速直航的船-舵系统的黏性绕流场进行数值模拟,计算了不同船速和不同舵角下的船-舵水动力干扰系数,计算中忽略了自由面兴波及螺旋桨的影响。文中以KVLCC1船、舵模型为研究对象,首先将数值计算的船舶水动力及船-舵水动力干扰系数结果与模型试验数据进行比较,验证了所采用数值方法的有效性;随后,对船-舵系统、裸船体和敞水舵分别进行计算,通过水动力计算结果的比较以及流场分析,对船-舵水动力相互作用进行了数值研究。     

基于CFD方法的船/桨/舵干扰数值模拟

船/桨/舵相互干扰研究在传统船型优化设计和新船型的开发中具有重要意义。应用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对带桨的KCS集装箱船及带桨和舵的KVLCC2油船非稳态粘流场进行了数值模拟,其中船桨舵干扰计算分别采用动量源法、MRF法和滑移网格法,分析研究了各方法及其结果的异同。研究表明不同模拟计算方法均能合理预报出船/桨/舵相互干扰相互作用下速度场和压力场分布等详细流场信息,可用于计算船体阻力、表面压力和桨盘面伴流等。通过这种详细的数值模拟研究,可以更好地理解复杂流动干扰现象。     

Ship bow waves

The bow wave generated by a ship hull that advances at constant speed in calm water is considered. The bow wave only depends on the shape of the ship bow (not on the hull geometry aft of the bow wave). This basic property makes it possible to determine the bow waves generated by a canonical family of ship bows defined in terms of relatively few parameters. Fast ships with fine bows generate overturning bow waves that consist of detached thin sheets of water, which are mostly steady until they hit the main free surface and undergo turbulent breaking up and diffusion. However, slow ships with blunt bows create highly unsteady and turbulent breaking bow waves. These two alternative flow regimes are due to a nonlinear constraint related to the Bernoulli relation at the free surface. Recent results about the overturning and breaking bow wave regimes, and the boundary that divides these two basic flow regimes, are reviewed. Questions and conjectures about the energy of breaking ship bow waves, and free-surface effects on flow circulation, are also noted.     

STUDY OF TRIMARAN WAVEMAKING RESISTANCE WITH NUMERICAL CALCULATION AND EXPERIMENTS

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COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH ON WAVE MAKING OF MOVING WIGLEY HULL IN TIME DOMAIN

Based on Green＇s theorem, a time domain numerical model was constructed to simulate wave making phenomenon caused by a moving ship. In this article, the Rankine sources and dipoles were placed on boundary surfaces （i.e., the ship surface and free surface）, and a time-stepping scheme was employed. Its unique characteristic is that steady state can be realized from initial value by employing the time-stepping scheme and unsteady free surface conditions. In time domain, if the results of unsteady flow problem tend to data stabilization after many time steps of computation, they could be regarded as the data of steady ones. This model could be employed to steady or unsteady problems. Theoretical reasoning and computational process of this method was described in detail The linear and nonlinear boundary conditions on body surface were studied, and the relative means to realize these boundary conditions in iterative computation were also discussed. Some proper parameters about the model of the Wigley hull were determined by many numerical tests, and their influences on wave making resistance and wave pattern were discussed. According to the comparison between numerical results and data available in relative references, the method used in this work is proven to be a reliable method in time domain. And the lattice reorganization in every time step computation is a feasible numerical approach.     

An iterative Rankine boundary element method for wave diffraction of a ship with forward speed

A 3-D time-domain seakeeping analysis tool has been newly developed by using a higher-order boundary element method with the Rankine source as the kernel function. An iterative time-marching scheme for updating both kinematic and dynamic free-surface boundary conditions is adopted for achieving numerical accuracy and stability. A rectangular computational domain moving with the mean speed of ship is introduced. A damping beach at the outer portion of the truncated free surface is installed for satisfying the radiation condition. After numerical convergence checked, the diffraction unsteady problem of a Wigley hull traveling with a constant forward speed in waves is studied. Extensive results including wave exciting forces, wave patterns and pressure distributions on the hull are presented to validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed 3-D time-domain iterative Rankine BEM approach. Computed results are compared to be in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data and other published numerical solutions.