HVOF 制备的微纳米 WC-CoCr 涂层抗空蚀性能及数学模型

采用不同的超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备了6种微纳米WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,测量了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率及断裂韧性,采用超声振动空蚀装置研究了涂层在淡水介质中的抗空蚀性能,探讨了涂层显微硬度、孔隙率及断裂韧性与空蚀量的规律和影响程度。结果表明:液体燃料HVOF喷涂的WC-10Co4Cr涂层的抗空蚀性能明显优于气体燃料HVOF喷涂的WC-10Co4Cr涂层;喷涂工艺相同时,多峰WC-10Co4Cr涂层表现出最优良的抗空蚀性能,纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层抗空蚀性能最差;涂层断裂韧性对HVOF喷涂的WC-10Co4Cr涂层的抗空蚀性能的影响程度最大。     

HVOF制备方法对纳米结构WC-10Co-4Cr涂层抗空蚀性能的影响

采用液体燃料和气体燃料超音速火焰喷涂工艺(HVOF)分别制备了纳米结构WC-10Co-4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的组织结构,并比较涂层的显微硬度与开裂韧性。在清水介质中进行了涂层的振动空蚀试验(CE),探讨了不同HVOF工艺方法对涂层抗空蚀性能的影响。结果表明:两种HVOF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层主要由WC相和少量的W2C相组成,气体燃料HVOF制备的WC-10Co-4Cr涂层含有微量金属W;相比于气体燃料HVOF制备的涂层,液体燃料HVOF制备的涂层孔隙率降低了大约75%,显微硬度提高了20%以上;液体燃料HVOF制备的涂层具有更优异的抗空蚀性能,其空蚀率仅为气体燃料HVOF工艺制备的涂层的28%,其主要原因是喷涂过程中粒子速度更快,温度更低。     

微纳米 涂层在 介质中的抗泥沙冲蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂 (HVOF) 工艺制备了微纳米、 纳米和普通结构 WC-10Co4Cr 金属陶瓷涂层， 测量了涂层的显微硬度、 孔隙率和开裂韧性， 分析了三种 WC-10Co4Cr 涂层在 3.5wt% NaCl 溶液中的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度， 研究了喷涂层在 NaCl 介质中的抗泥沙冲蚀性能， 并探讨了涂层在 NaCl 介质中的泥沙冲蚀机理。 结果表明： 微纳米 WC-10Co4Cr 涂层具有最优异的电化学性能； 相比于纳米、 微米涂层， 微纳米涂层的抗泥沙冲蚀磨损性能分别提高了 38% 和 78%。 微纳米 WC-10Co4Cr 涂层致密的组织结构、 高显微硬度 (1126HV0.3) 和高开裂韧性 (4.66MPa·m1/2) 有效减弱了泥沙冲蚀过程中的机械冲刷作用和电化学腐蚀作用。     

微纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层在NaCl介质中的抗泥沙冲蚀性能研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备了微纳米、纳米和普通结构WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,测量了涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率和开裂韧性,分析了三种WC-10Co4Cr涂层在3.5wt%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度,研究了喷涂层在NaCl介质中的抗泥沙冲蚀性能,并探讨了涂层在NaCl介质中的泥沙冲蚀机理。结果表明:微纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层具有最优异的电化学性能;相比于纳米、微米涂层,微纳米涂层的抗泥沙冲蚀磨损性能分别提高了38%和78%。微纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层致密的组织结构、高显微硬度(1126HV_(0.3))和高开裂韧性(4.66MPa·m~(1/2))有效减弱了泥沙冲蚀过程中的机械冲刷作用和电化学腐蚀作用。     

HVOF制备纳米WC-10Co4Cr涂层的微观组织及抗冲蚀性能

为提高水轮机表面抗泥沙冲蚀性能,本实验采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(HVOF)在不锈钢(0Cr13Ni5Mo)基体上分别制备微米和纳米结构的WC-10Co4Cr涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析不同结构WC-10Co4Cr粉末和涂层的微观组织结构,并对涂层的显微硬度、结合强度和抗冲蚀性能进行对比,探讨涂层泥沙冲蚀机理。结果表明:HVOF制备的纳米结构WC-10Co4Cr涂层组织致密,涂层的显微硬度、结合强度高于微米涂层,冲蚀质量损失远小于微米涂层;纳米结构可细化涂层晶粒,增强涂层的显微硬度和韧性,提高涂层的抗微切削和抗疲劳剥落性能,有利于涂层的抗泥沙冲蚀性能。     

WC尺度对HVOF制备的WC-CoCr涂层抗冲蚀磨损性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)工艺制备了多峰和纳米结构WC-10Co4Cr金属陶瓷涂层,采用OM、SEM和XRD方法分析了二种不同结构涂层的组织,测量了涂层的力学性能。研究了多峰和纳米结构涂层的干砂冲蚀磨损试验性能,并探讨了涂层的冲蚀磨损机理。结果表明:在HVOF喷涂过程中多峰WC-10Co4Cr粉末中的WC比纳米粉末脱碳程度低;相比于纳米涂层,多峰涂层在30(°)和90(°)冲蚀时抗干沙冲蚀磨损性能分别提高了35%和15%以上。多峰WC-10Co4C涂层具有优异的抗冲蚀磨损性能的主要原因是涂层具有多尺度组织结构、低孔隙率、高显微硬度和高开裂韧性。     

HVOF制备WC-12Co太阳能选择性吸收涂层性能的研究

本文选用微米、亚微米和纳米结构三种WC-12Co金属陶瓷复合材料,采用超音速火焰喷涂方法（HVOF）制备了金属陶瓷太阳能选择性吸收涂层,测量了WC-12Co太阳能选择性吸收涂层的吸收率和发射率,并探讨了制备工艺、粉末中WC颗粒尺寸和涂层厚度对涂层性能的影响。     

多尺度原料WC热喷涂粉末特性分析

采用不同粒度的原料WC,利用团聚烧结法制备了四种WC-10Co-4Cr粉末A、B、C、D,并使用超音速火焰喷涂工艺（HVOF）制备了四种粉末相对应的涂层,测试了涂层的显微硬度、开裂韧性、磨粒磨损性能.并利用扫描电子显微镜和金相显微镜对喷涂粉末的组织结构进行了观察分析.结果表明：不同WC原料生产的粉末具有很好的球形度和流动性;粉末涂层组织结构致密;WC原料较细其涂层硬度、耐磨性较好,韧性较低;反之成立.可见不同WC原料生产的粉末涂层各有其不同的性能特点.     

用于瓦楞辊防护的WC-12Co涂层组织和性能研究

采用团聚烧结法制备了一种含有纳米粒子的新型瓦楞辊专用WC-12Co喷涂粉末,并使用超音速火焰喷涂工艺（HVOF）制备了该粉末的两种涂层。测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度、气孔率、开裂韧性和单道次沉积厚度。并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜和金相显微镜对喷涂粉末、涂层的组织结构进行了观察,并与进...     

WC颗粒尺寸对超音速火焰喷涂WC–10Co4Cr涂层组织及力学性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术(high velocity oxygen-fuel, HVOF)制备了纳米结构、亚微米结构及常规结构的WC-10Co4Cr涂层, 研究了沉积过程中颗粒尺寸对WC脱碳行为的作用, 分析了WC颗粒尺寸对复合涂层微观组织、硬度、断裂韧性及界面结合强度的影响。结果表明: 随着WC颗粒尺寸的增大, WC脱碳率和涂层孔隙率先增大后减小, 而涂层硬度和断裂韧性先减小后增大, 界面结合强逐渐降低。在100 g压痕载荷下, 亚微米和常规结构涂层硬度的Weibull分布呈双峰特征, 而在300 g压痕载荷下, 3种结构涂层硬度的Weibull分布均呈单峰特征, 这是3种结构涂层的WC脱碳程度、层间结合力和孔隙率综合作用结果。WC-10Co4Cr纳米结构涂层呈现出低脱碳率、高硬度、高界面结合强度和适中断裂韧性的优异综合性能。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Conserving and retaining equalities and inequalities through observation and correction.

Investigated the effects of modeling and corrective feedback on the conservation of equalities and inequalities, with items spanning 3 stimulus dimensions (length, number, and 2-dimensional space). Ss were 48 kindergartners (24 boys, 24 girls). Brief observation of a model, briefer correction training (joining positive feedback with verbal rule provision), and the combination of observation and correction were all successful in producing learning and, without further training, transfer and retention of conservation. Unlike the controls (who also never correctly answered any equality items), the trained experimental Ss gave evidence of spontaneously generalizing their new learning to a task that required nonverbal behavior to manifest conservation. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reasoning and food and contamination.

Examines strategies that are used to reason about food and contamination. In Exp 1, Ss refrained from choosing a substance that had been given a "poison" label when the intent of the labeler was ambiguous or malicious but preferred this substance when a rationale was provided that dispelled the implication that there once might have been contaminants present. Exp 2 was designed to compare the effects of safety on conditional reasoning in food and food-irrelevant contexts. When the safety issue was relevant to food in the form of contamination, Ss were most likely to use formal logic in reasoning. A similar pattern of responses was found in Exp 3 on tasks for which Ss' ratings of their experience of contexts were matched for plausibility, experience, and danger. Results are discussed in terms of an adaptive constraint that facilitates rationality in reasoning within the food domain (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.