溶胶凝胶法制备WO_3-MoO_3复合薄膜的气致变色性能(英文)

采用溶胶凝胶技术分别制备了 WO3 和 MoO3溶胶,PdCl2作为催化剂被掺入 WO3-MoO3复合溶胶中,然后采用提拉浸渍镀膜法成功制备了 WO3-MoO3复合薄膜。采用原子力显微镜和 X 射线衍射仪分别研究了薄膜的表面形貌和薄膜的晶态结构。采用紫外可见分光光度计原位测试了 WO3-MoO3复合薄膜的气致变色性能。研究表明,该法制备的非晶体的 WO3-MoO3复合薄膜也具有很好的气致变色性能。     

浸渍式提拉法制备TiO2薄膜的微观结构和润湿性

目的研究工艺参数与TiO_2薄膜的微观结构、光学性质及润湿性的关系。方法以钛酸四丁酯为原料,乙醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶浸渍式提拉法,改变工艺参数(提拉次数、提拉速度),在玻璃衬底上制备了TiO_2薄膜,并通过光学表面形貌仪、紫外可见分光光度计及接触角测试仪分析了不同参数下制备的TiO_2薄膜的微观结构、光学性质和润湿性。结果提拉次数和提拉速度都会影响薄膜的微观结构,提拉2次,提拉速度在3~7 cm/min之间制备的TiO_2薄膜表面平整、致密。在提拉方向上,存在厚度梯度,厚度梯度为1 nm/μm。透射光谱显示TiO_2薄膜在可见光区透明,吸收边与提拉工艺有关,提拉速度为7 cm/min,提拉2次制备的TiO_2薄膜,禁带宽度为3.57 e V,此时,接触角为14.8°。结论提拉速度、提拉次数影响TiO_2薄膜的微观结构、光学性质和润湿性。通过提拉工艺参数的调整,可以制备均匀致密、具有亲水性的半导体TiO_2薄膜。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2减反射薄膜及其耐久性

目的 增加太阳光在太阳能电池玻璃盖板的透过率,以期提高太阳能电池的转换效率。方法 以正硅酸乙酯为原料、乙醇为溶剂、氨水为催化剂,采用碱催化溶胶-凝胶浸渍提拉法,在玻璃表面制备了SiO2减反射薄膜,研究了溶胶中正硅酸乙酯与乙醇物质的量比和提拉镀膜速度对SiO2薄膜光学性质的影响,分析了减反射薄膜的耐久性。结果 碱性溶胶制备的SiO2为非晶相,采用浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面制备的薄膜结构疏松,且存在微裂纹。采用正硅酸乙酯与乙醇物质的量比为1∶20、提拉速度为500 μm/s及正硅酸乙酯与乙醇物质的量比为1∶30、提拉速度为1 000 μm/s制备的SiO2薄膜,折射率分别为1.35和1.33,厚度分别为101.11、102.63 nm,最大透过率分别高于未镀膜玻璃6.57%和6.94%,在400~1 100 nm波长范围内的平均透过率分别高于未镀膜玻璃5.01%和5.34%,表明该薄膜具有优异的减反射性能。玻璃表面制备SiO2薄膜后,水接触角约为5°,具有超亲水性。将未镀膜玻璃及镀膜样品在实验室放置5个月后,采用正硅酸乙酯与乙醇物质的量比为1∶20、提拉速度为500 μm/s及正硅酸乙酯与乙醇物质的量比为1∶30、提拉速度为1 000 μm/s的制备SiO2薄膜的最大透过率分别高于未镀膜玻璃7.50%和6.71%,在400~1 100 nm波长范围内的平均透过率分别高于未镀膜玻璃5.94%和5.59%,表明SiO2薄膜的减反射性能具有较好的耐久性。结论 采用碱催化溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃上制备的SiO2减反射薄膜具有超亲水性及优异的减反射耐久性,在太阳能电池玻璃盖板上具有潜在的应用价值。     

溶胶复合提高WO3气致变色薄膜氢敏特性

本文制备了一种WO3-TiO2-SiO2溶胶,通过浸渍提拉法制备了适用于室温下的光学氢敏薄膜。采用FT-IR, SEM, TEM, AFM,XPS以及紫外-可见-近红外光谱对复合薄膜的结构及气致变色性能进行了表征。尽管TiO2并没有复合到薄膜中,但其在溶胶中引导了新的WO3颗粒的生成。这种颗粒分布在薄膜表面使得其表面粗糙度得到提高。气敏测试显示复合薄膜较未复合薄膜拥有更好的气敏性能。这种提升应当来源于WO3颗粒带来的更高的表面粗糙度。     

溶胶内甲基改性法和表面气相处理法制备的SiO_2减反射薄膜疏水性的比较（英文）

基于溶胶-凝胶过程采用2种方法制备具有疏水性能的SiO_2减反射薄膜。在室温下,以六甲基二硅氮烷作为甲基改性剂制备改性SiO_2溶胶,并以此溶胶提拉镀膜。另外,采用对标准TEOS基溶胶-凝胶SiO_2薄膜进行表面气相硅烷化后处理法,获得了疏水性能、激光损伤阈值均高于普通未经后处理薄膜的SiO_2减反射薄膜。比较研究了2种方法获得的减反膜在真空环境下的稳定性,以及抗激光损伤性能。实验发现,表面气相硅烷化后处理更适合制备具有优异光学性能的疏水减反射薄膜。     

脉冲激光沉积镀膜工艺中不同靶材制备方法对La_(0.72)Ca_(0.28)MnO_3薄膜电学性能和激光感生电压的影响（英文）

采用脉冲激光沉积方法在单晶LaAlO3(100)平衬底和15°倾斜衬底上制备La0.72Ca0.28MnO3薄膜。在镀膜过程中分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和共沉淀法制备靶材。研究不同方法制备的靶材和相应的薄膜的结构、电输运性能和表面形貌。与共沉淀法相比,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的靶材具有更加均匀的组分和更大的致密度以及晶粒尺寸,因此具有更高的绝缘体-金属转变温度和更大的电阻温度系数。采用溶胶-凝胶靶材制备的薄膜,其晶粒尺寸更均匀、生长质量更好,绝缘体-金属转变温度高20 K,激光感生电压也更大。因此,使用溶胶-凝胶方法制备靶材可以大幅提高脉冲激光沉积方法中薄膜的性能。     

镀膜方法对氧化硅介孔薄膜的微观结构和光学性能的影响（英文）

以CTAB为模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO_2介孔薄膜,探究了浸渍-提拉法和旋涂法对其微观结构和光学性能的影响。用小角X射线散射(SAXS)和透射电镜(TEM)分析薄膜内部孔道排列方式,发现采用旋涂法镀膜更易得到较为有序的介孔阵列,其孔道周期参数a为3.76nm。用扫描电镜(SEM)观察样品发现通过两种镀膜方法制备得到的薄膜表面均平整无裂纹。紫外-可见光谱表明,采用两种镀膜方法均能得到可见光透过性良好的镀膜玻璃,其中通过旋涂法制得的薄膜厚度非常均一。     

制备工艺对WO3/TiO2薄膜可见光催化活性的影响

采用磁控溅射技术在浸渍提拉法制得的TiO2 薄膜上溅射WO3 层 ,通过不同制备工艺控制W在TiO2晶体中的分布。UV VIS透射光谱表明 ,在可见光范围内溅射有WO3 层的薄膜有不同程度的吸收光谱红移现象。并理论计算出带隙能 ,溅射WO3 层使薄膜的带隙能变小。甲基橙光催化降解实验表明 ,以焙烧—溅射—热处理 5h工艺制备的WO3 /TiO2 薄膜可见光活性最佳 ,W从薄膜表面到内层的浓度递减分布。讨论了不同制备工艺引起的W在薄膜内部的不同分布对光催化活性的影响。     

PEG模板组装纳米TiO2多孔薄膜的制备

以钛酸丁酯为无机原料,加入高分子表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG)作模板剂,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺和浸渍-提拉技术在玻璃基片上制备了孔径在10 nm～1 000 nm范围内可调的纳米TiO2多孔薄膜.通过SEM,AFM,UV-VIS和N2吸附等测试手段对薄膜的多孔结构进行了表征.结果表明,通过调节溶胶中PEG的分子量和浓度,可以控制薄膜中孔的孔径及孔分布密度,有效提高薄膜的比表面积.此外还考察了提拉速度和焙烧制度对薄膜多孔结构的影响.     

TiSiO非晶结构光学薄膜的性能调控机理研究进展

TiSiO复合薄膜的制备方法主要包括溶胶-凝胶、物理气相沉积和化学气相沉积等,针对不同制备工艺条件下SiO2改性TiO2的微观结构与光学参量的调控机理的研究,仍处于探索阶段。综述了近年来国内外在不同工艺条件下沉积的TiSiO薄膜的结构和光学性质,从溶胶体系和热处理工艺两方面,对溶胶-凝胶工艺制备的TiSiO薄膜展开论述,分别归纳了溶胶体系和热处理工艺调控TiSiO薄膜的结构和光学性质的一般规律;从溅射工艺和蒸发工艺两方面对物理气相沉积工艺制备的TiSiO薄膜展开论述,分别阐述了在溅射工艺和蒸发工艺过程中,调控TiSiO薄膜的结构和光学性质的一般规律;从低（常）压化学气相沉积和等离子增强化学气相沉积等方面,对化学气相沉积工艺制备的TiSiO薄膜展开论述,分别阐述了在不同化学气相沉积技术中,通过调节一些重要参数调控薄膜结构和性能的一般规律。总结了不同工艺制备并调控TiSiO薄膜的一般规律的内在联系,并指出了这类薄膜制备工艺存在的问题和后续的研究方向。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.