基于快速基追踪算法的图像去噪

基追踪方法是信号稀疏表示领域的一种新方法。基于基追踪方法的核心思想,并对基追踪求解算法进行改进,本文将基追踪方法的应用扩展到图像去噪问题上来。〖BP）〗针对基追踪方法中线性规划算法计算量大的难题,考虑了一类可分离的信号表示形式,分别在图像的行和列的方向上构造相应的字典,由此降低了字典的维数,并将一个二维问题转化为两个一维问题来处理,最后利用一种新的迭代算法进行求解,从而加快了计算速度。实验结果表明,改进的基追踪方法能够快速稳定实现,同时具有较好的去噪效果。     

基于自适应机制的多宇宙并行量子衍生进化算法

进化参量的选取对量子衍生进化算法(QEA)的优化性能有极大的影响,传统QEA在选择进化参量时并未考虑种群中个体间的差异,种群中所有个体采用相同的进化参量完成更新,导致算法在解决组合优化问题中存在收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优解等问题。针对这一问题,采用自适应机制调整QEA的旋转角步长和量子变异概率,算法中任意一代的任一个体的进化参量均由该个体自身适应度确定,从而保证尽可能多的进化个体能够朝着最优解方向不断靠近。此外,由于自适应量子进化算法需要评估个体的适应度,导致运算时间较长,针对这一问题则采用多宇宙机制将算法分布于多个宇宙中并行实现,从而提高算法的执行效率。通过搜索多峰函数最优解和求解背包问题测试算法性能,结果表明,与传统QEA相比,所提出算法在收敛速度、搜索全局最优解及执行速度方面具有较好的表现。     

基于MP算法的语音信号稀疏分解

语音信号稀疏分解是一种新的语音信号分解方法,可以将语音信号分解为很简洁的近似表达形式。在语音信号稀疏分解的基础上,可应用于语音处理的多个方面,如语音压缩、语音去噪和语音识别等。研究利用Matching Pursuit（MP）算法实现语音信号的稀疏分解,实验结果表明基于MP算法的语音信号稀疏分解具有较好的重建精度和较高的稀疏度。     

A self-adaptive linear evolutionary algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems

In many real-world applications of evolutionary algorithms, the fitness of an individual requires a quantitative measure. This paper proposes a self-adaptive linear evolutionary algorithm (ALEA) in which we introduce a novel strategy for evaluating individual’s relative strengths and weaknesses. Based on this strategy, searching space of constrained optimization problems with high dimensions for design variables is compressed into two-dimensional performance space in which it is possible to quickly identify ‘good’ individuals of the performance for a multiobjective optimization application, regardless of original space complexity. This is considered as our main contribution. In addition, the proposed new evolutionary algorithm combines two basic operators with modification in reproduction phase, namely, crossover and mutation. Simulation results over a comprehensive set of benchmark functions show that the proposed strategy is feasible and effective, and provides good performance in terms of uniformity and diversity of solutions.     

A simulated annealing method based on a specialised evolutionary algorithm

The flexible architecture of evolutionary algorithms allows specialised models to be obtained with the aim of performing as other search methods do, but more satisfactorily. In fact, there exist several evolutionary proposals in the literature that play the role of local search methods. In this paper, we make a step forward presenting a specialised evolutionary approach that carries out a search process equivalent to the one of simulated annealing. An empirical study comparing the new model with classic simulated annealing methods, hybrid algorithms and state-of-the-art optimisers concludes that the new alternative scheme for combining ideas from simulated annealing and evolutionary algorithms introduced by our proposal may outperform this kind of hybrid algorithms, and achieve competitive results with regard to proposals presented in the literature for binary-coded optimisation problems.     

基于AdaBoost和匹配追踪的选择性集成算法

为了平衡集成学习中差异性和准确性的关系并提高学习系统的泛化性能, 提出一种基于AdaBoost 和匹配追踪的选择性集成算法. 其基本思想是将匹配追踪理论融合于AdaBoost 的训练过程中, 利用匹配追踪贪婪迭代的思想来最小化目标函数与基分类器线性组合之间的冗余误差, 并根据冗余误差更新AdaBoost 已训练基分类器的权重, 进而根据权重大小选择集成分类器成员. 在公共数据集上的实验结果表明, 该算法能够获得较高的分类精度.     

A fuzzy clustering algorithm based on evolutionary programming

In this paper, a fuzzy clustering method based on evolutionary programming (EPFCM) is proposed. The algorithm benefits from the global search strategy of evolutionary programming, to improve fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM). The cluster validity can be measured by some cluster validity indices. To increase the convergence speed of the algorithm, we exploit the modified algorithm to change the number of cluster centers dynamically. Experiments demonstrate EPFCM can find the proper number of clusters, and the result of clustering does not depend critically on the choice of the initial cluster centers. The probability of trapping into the local optima will be very lower than FCM.     

A novel adaptive cuckoo search algorithm for intrinsic discriminant analysis based face recognition

This paper presents a novel adaptive cuckoo search (ACS) algorithm for optimization. The step size is made adaptive from the knowledge of its fitness function value and its current position in the search space. The other important feature of the ACS algorithm is its speed, which is faster than the CS algorithm. Here, an attempt is made to make the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm parameter free, without a Levy step. The proposed algorithm is validated using twenty three standard benchmark test functions. The second part of the paper proposes an efficient face recognition algorithm using ACS, principal component analysis (PCA) and intrinsic discriminant analysis (IDA). The proposed algorithms are named as PCA + IDA and ACS–IDA. Interestingly, PCA + IDA offers us a perturbation free algorithm for dimension reduction while ACS + IDA is used to find the optimal feature vectors for classification of the face images based on the IDA. For the performance analysis, we use three standard face databases—YALE, ORL, and FERET. A comparison of the proposed method with the state-of-the-art methods reveals the effectiveness of our algorithm.     

分段迭代匹配追踪图像重构算法

目的 压缩采样匹配追踪（CoSaMP）算法虽然引入回溯的思想,但其原子选择需要大量的观测值且在稀疏度估计不准确时,会降低信号重构精度,增加重构时间,降低重构效率。为提高CoSaMP算法的重构精度,改善算法的重构性能,提出了一种基于广义逆的分段迭代匹配追踪（StIMP）算法。方法 为保证迭代时挑选原子的精确性和快速性,对观测矩阵广义逆化,降低原子库中原子的相干性;原子更新结合正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法筛选原子的准确性与CoSaMP算法的回溯性,将迭代过程分为两个阶段：第1阶段利用OMP算法迭代K/2次;第2阶段以第1阶段OMP算法迭代所得的残差和原子为输入,并采用CoSaMP算法继续迭代,同时改变原子选择标准,从而精确快速地重构出稀疏信号。结果 对于1维的高斯随机信号,无论在不同的稀疏度还是观测值下,相比于OMP、CoSaMP、正则化正交匹配追踪（ROMP）算法和傅里叶类圆环压缩采样匹配追踪（FR-CoSaMP）算法,StIMP算法更加稳健,且具有更高重构成功率;对于2维图像信号,在各个采样率下,StIMP算法的峰值信噪比（PSNR）均高于其他重构算法,在采样率为0.7时,StIMP算法的平均PSNR值比OMP、CoSaMP、ROMP和FR-CoSaMP算法分别高2.14 dB、1.20 dB、3.67 dB和0.90 dB,平均重构时间也较OMP、CoSaMP和FR-CoSaMP算法短。结论 提出了一种改进的重构算法,对1维高斯随机信号和2维图像信号均有更好的重构效率和重构效果,与原算法和现有的主流图像重构方法相比,StIMP算法更具高效性和实用性。     

基于压缩感知的图像自适应子空间追踪算法

针对稀疏自适应匹配追踪（SAMP）算法中存在的运行速度慢、重建效果欠佳的问题,提出了一种新的自适应的子空间追踪算法（MASP）。采用SAMP算法中分段的思想,先对半减小预估稀疏度,再逐一增加,得到真实稀疏度后,再利用子空间追踪算法对原始信号进行重构。实验表明,相比于SAMP算法,该算法在相同观测数量的情况下,具有较快的运行时间和较好的重建效果,其中,在重构信噪比方面平均提高8.2%。     

A many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on a projection-assisted intra-family election

In recent years, many researchers have put emphasis on the study of how to keep a good balance between convergence and diversity in many-objective optimization. This paper proposes a new many-objective evolutionary algorithm based on a projection-assisted intra-family election. In the proposed algorithm, basic evolution directions are adaptively generated according to the current population and potential evolution directions are excavated in each individual's family. Based on these evolution directions, a strategy of intra-family election is performed in every family and elite individuals are elected as representatives of the specific family to join the next stage, which can enhance the convergence of the algorithm. Moreover, a selection procedure based on angles is used to maintain the diversity. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified and compared with several state-of-the-art many-objective evolutionary algorithms on a variety of well-known benchmark problems ranging from 5 to 20 objectives. Empirical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other peer algorithms in terms of both the diversity and the convergence of the final solutions set on most of the test instances. In particular, our proposed algorithm shows obvious superiority when handling the problems with larger number of objectives.     

A surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithm based on the genetic diversity objective

In this work, a novel surrogate-assisted memetic algorithm is proposed which is based on the preservation of genetic diversity within the population. The aim of the algorithm is to solve multi-objective optimization problems featuring computationally expensive fitness functions in an efficient manner. The main novelty is the use of an evolutionary algorithm as global searcher that treats the genetic diversity as an objective during the evolution and uses it, together with a non-dominated sorting approach, to assign the ranks. This algorithm, coupled with a gradient-based algorithm as local searcher and a back-propagation neural network as global surrogate model, demonstrates to provide a reliable and effective balance between exploration and exploitation. A detailed performance analysis has been conducted on five commonly used multi-objective problems, each one involving distinct features that can make the convergence difficult toward the Pareto-optimal front. In most cases, the proposed algorithm outperformed the other state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms considered in the comparison, assuring higher repeatability on the final non-dominated set, deeper convergence level and higher convergence rate. It also demonstrates a clear ability to widely cover the Pareto-optimal front with larger percentage of non-dominated solutions if compared to the total number of function evaluations.     

基于匹配追踪算法的汉语音节重叠声韵分割

为避免“绝对”声韵分割策略的主观性和随意性,结合语谱图以及匹配追踪算法,实现了一种对汉语孤立字进行重叠声韵分割的新的时频方法.以语谱图判决得到的浊音起点为声韵母过渡段的起点,以匹配追踪原子参数在浊音起点之后所达到的第一个极值的位置为过渡段终点.仿真实验结果表明,该方法的分割正确率可达87.5％;将分割后的声韵母单元分别送入语音识别系统,与以整个字节为识别单元相比识别率提高了1.33％.     

基于改进子空间追踪算法的稀疏信道估计

由于许多通信系统的信道具有稀疏多径的特性,因此可以将信道估计问题归结为稀疏信号的恢复问题,继而应用压缩感知理论(CS)的算法求解。针对CS中现存的信号重构方法——子空间追踪法(SP)需要对稀疏度有先验知识的缺点,提出一种改进的子空间追踪法(MSP)。该方法的反馈和精选过程与SP算法一致,不同之处是MSP算法每次迭代时向备选组合中反馈添加的向量个数是随着迭代次数而逐一增加的,而SP算法中备选组合被添加的向量个数与稀疏度相同。仿真结果表明,基于MSP方法所得到的稀疏多径信道估计结果优于基于传统SP的方法,且无需已知信道的多径个数。     

A study on a quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm based on pair swap

A quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA) is proposed as a stochastic algorithm to perform combinatorial optimization problems. The QEA is evolutionary computation that uses quantum bits and superposition states in quantum computation. Although the QEA is a coarse-grained parallel algorithm, it involves many parameters that must be adjusted manually. This paper proposes a new method, named pair swap, which exchanges each best solution information between two individuals instead of migration in the QEA. Experimental results show that our proposed method is a simpler algorithm and can find a high quality solution in the 0-1 knapsack problem. This work was presented in part at the 12th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 25–27, 2007     

A fast multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on a tree structure

This paper proposes a fast evolutionary algorithm based on a tree structure for multi-objective optimization. The tree structure, named dominating tree (DT), is able to preserve the necessary Pareto dominance relations among individuals effectively, contains the density information implicitly, and reduces the number of comparisons among individuals significantly. The evolutionary algorithm based on dominating tree (DTEA) integrates the convergence strategy and diversity strategy into the DT and employs a DT-based eliminating strategy that realizes elitism and preserves population diversity without extra time and space costs. Numerical experiments show that DTEA is much faster than SPEA2, NSGA-II and an improved version of NSGA-II, while its solution quality is competitive with those of SPEA2 and NSGA-II.     

基于博弈论及Q学习的多Agent协作追捕算法

多Agent协作追捕问题是多Agent协调与协作研究中的一个典型问题。针对具有学习能力的单逃跑者追捕问题，提出了一种基于博弈论及Q学习的多Agent协作追捕算法。首先,建立协作追捕团队，并构建协作追捕的博弈模型；其次,通过对逃跑者策略选择的学习，建立逃跑者有限的Step-T累积奖赏的运动轨迹，并把运动轨迹调整到追捕者的策略集中；最后,求解协作追捕博弈得到Nash均衡解，每个Agent执行均衡策略完成追捕任务。同时,针对在求解中可能存在多个均衡解的问题，加入了虚拟行动行为选择算法来选择最优的均衡策略。C#仿真实验表明，所提算法能够有效地解决障碍环境中单个具有学习能力的逃跑者的追捕问题，实验数据对比分析表明该算法在同等条件下的追捕效率要优于纯博弈或纯学习的追捕算法。     

Robust, accurate and efficient face recognition from a single training image: A uniform pursuit approach

Current face recognition techniques rely heavily on the large size and representativeness of the training sets, and most methods suffer degraded performance or fail to work if there is only one training sample per person available. This so-called “one sample problem” is a challenging issue in face recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel feature extraction method named uniform pursuit to address the one sample problem. The underlying idea is that most recognition errors are due to the confusions between faces that look very similar, and thus one can reduce the risk of recognition error by mapping the close class prototypes to be distant, i.e., uniforming the pairwise distances between different class prototypes. Specifically, the UP method pursues, in the whitened PCA space, the low dimensional projections that reduce the local confusion between the similar faces. The resulting low dimensional transformed features are robust against the complex image variations such as those caused by lighting and aging. A standardized procedure on the large-scale FERET and FRGC databases is applied to evaluate the one sample problem. Experimental results show that the robustness, accuracy and efficiency of the proposed UP method compare favorably to the state-of-the-art one sample based methods.     

基于子空间追踪的人脸识别

针对现有的基于稀疏表示的人脸识别方法没有更新优化选择的原子的问题,提出一种基于子空间追踪的人脸识别方法。在稀疏编码过程中的原子选择步骤中,引入回溯迭代优化思想和多原子选择方案,通过移除可信度较低的原子来更新优化候选支撑向量中选择的原子,使选择的原子与待识别人脸图像具有最相似的结构,从而在该原子上的稀疏编码系数具有较好的人脸重构能力。实验证明,与基于正交匹配追踪（OMP）算法和基于OMP-cholesky算法的人脸识别相比,该算法在ORL和Yale B人脸数据库上的算法复杂度较低且识别率均提高了约5%。     

通过网格改进的基于指标的进化算法

设计一种高效的演化多目标优化算法,使其能获得一组同时具有优异的收敛性和多样性的解集是一项很困难的任务。为了能高效求解多目标优化问题,在基于指标的进化算法(IBEA)的基础上：1)引入基于目标空间网格的多样性保持策略,保证算法近似前沿具有优异的分布性;2)引入反向学习机制,同时评估当前解和当前解的反向解,期望能找到一组较优的解从而加快算法收敛。通过6个标准测试函数对改进算法进行测试,其结果表明改进算法可以有效逼近真实Pareto前沿并且分布均匀。