空分设备冷箱鼓胀变形的发生和预防

空分设备冷箱漏液,必须扒砂。介绍了扒砂过程中发生的冷箱鼓胀变形事故,分析了事故的原因和今后的防范措施,提出了安全扒砂的建议。     

杭钢6500m~3/h空分设备冷箱跑冷原因分析及处理

杭钢6500 m3/h空分设备在运行8年后出现了冷箱跑冷结冰现象,采取临时措施后,空分设备又维持运行了4年。随着冷箱跑冷结冰和冷箱钢板的裂纹面积越来越大,空分设备无法维持正常运行,对空分设备进行了扒砂检修处理。介绍冷箱跑冷的现象和危害以及采取的临时措施,分析跑冷原因,阐述扒砂检修过程和从中获得的经验、体会。     

煤化工配套空分设备安全技术的研究(三)——大型特大型空分设备扒砂安全及高标准设计制作空分冷箱

4大型特大型空分设备扒砂安全及高标准设计制作空分冷箱4.1大型特大型空分设备扒砂安全4.1.1"砂爆"与"喷砂"事故频繁,损失惊人由于生产检修需要,空分冷箱扒除珠光砂时,打开人孔放砂,大量空气涌入冷箱,与冷箱内因设备、管道泄漏或气体凝结形成的低温液体进行剧烈的热交换,加上珠光砂的流动、摩擦、撞击,低温液体迅速汽化,体积数百倍增长(液氧800倍、液氮643倍、液氩780倍、液空约680倍),造成     

砂爆事故的原因及预防

分析了空分设备冷箱排放珠光砂时发生砂爆事故的原因,简介了扒砂前的准备工作,详细介绍了扒砂过程中应注意的事项以及空分设备在设计时为防止砂爆事故的发生应采取的预防措施。     

一起大型空分设备冷箱内泄漏事故的分析及处理

介绍48000 m3/h空分设备冷箱基础温度降低的现象,分析冷箱内部的泄漏点位置和泄漏原因。对冷箱进行扒砂处理后,整改冷箱内的仪表管和支架,空分设备恢复正常运行。     

30000m~3/h空分设备冷箱内泄漏的扒砂检修

30000 m~3/h空分设备冷箱内管线泄漏,导致冷箱壁结霜和冷箱基础温度下降。简介冷箱壁结霜现象和维持空分设备运行的监护措施。详细介绍扒砂检修的方案和具体情况,阐述检修过程中的质量控制措施和检修效果。     

KDON-4000/1800型空分设备低温液体泄漏检修分析

KDON-4000/1800型空分设备冷箱内低温液体泄漏,冷箱基础温度降低,下端结冰严重,冷箱板焊缝出现裂纹。当生产允许空分设备停车时,对冷箱系统进行了查漏检修处理。详细叙述冷箱系统加温、扒砂、以及查漏、管架修复、搭架和阀门垫片更换等检修工作;分析低压系统和中压系统的保压情况以及检修效果。     

空分装置热虹吸蒸发器爆炸后的检修与改造

介绍热虹吸蒸发器爆炸引起的冷箱扒砂事故,分析事故发生的原因,并对热虹吸蒸发器的取舍加以分析。提出技术解决方案,解决了空分装置负荷无法提升的问题。     

KFS-860-Ⅱ型空分设备中乙炔吸附器的改装

<正>KFS-860-Ⅱ型空分设备中的主冷箱内装有硅胶乙炔吸附器,当它发生故障或定期检修时,都必须把主冷箱下部的后盖板打开,扒净箱内的珠光砂才行,这样耗工费时,十分不便。为此我们进行了改装,将乙炔吸附器移到主冷箱外,另置一保冷箱(如图所示),简便易     

扒珠光砂引起空分冷箱严重受损

<正>一、事故经过1991年6月7日晚,扬子石化公司A#10000m3/h空分设备按检修计划停车,排液后加温8小时,于8日晨6:30开始扒珠光砂。先打开了南面膨胀机保温箱上部入孔,接着打开冷箱东面底部入孔,砂开始从北面     

氧氮液化设备低温液体泄漏的原因分析与处理

简介3000m3/h氧氮液化设备低温液体泄漏的现象,介绍了低温液体泄漏后从扒砂到漏点查找和处理的全过程,提出了预防低温液体泄漏和检修时发生"喷砂"事故的措施。     

An Ecologically Oriented Operation Strategy for a Multi-Reservoir System: A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Han River Basin,China

Constructing and operating a multi-reservoir system changes the natural flow regime of rivers, and thus imposes adverse impacts on riverine ecosystems. To balance human needs with ecosystem needs, this study proposes an ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that integrates environmental flow requirements into the joint operation of a multi-reservoir system in order to maintain different ecological functions throughout the river. This strategy is a combination of a regular optimal operation scheme and a series of real-time ecological operation schemes. During time periods when the incompatibilities between human water needs and ecosystem needs for environmental flows are relatively small, the regular optimal operation scheme is implemented in order to maximize multiple human water-use benefits under the constraints of a minimum water-release policy. During time periods when reservoir-induced hydrological alteration imposes significant negative impacts on the river’s key ecological functions, real-time ecological operation schemes are implemented in order to modify the outflow from reservoirs to meet the environmental flow requirements of these functions. The practical use of this strategy is demonstrated for the simulation operation of a large-scale multi-reservoir system which located in the middle and lower Han River Basin in China. The results indicate that the real-time ecological operation schemes ensure the environmental flow requirements of the river’s key ecological functions, and that adverse impacts on human water-use benefits can be compensated for by the regular optimal operation scheme. The ecologically oriented operation strategy for a multi-reservoir system that is proposed in this study enriches the theoretical application of the multi-reservoir system joint operation which considers environmental flow requirements.     

家用空调系统冷热源的特殊要求探讨

本文讨论了家用空调系统冷热源的特点,为满足家用和类似用途电器产品的安全要求,以及适应以直接膨胀运行机组为主要类型的设备特点,同时,满足系统应用方面的一些特殊需要,提出了在设计、选型以及安装和运行等方面一些特殊要求.并讨论了房间空调器和单元式空调机,以及燃气空调机的应用问题.     

Formation of independent flow-line cells based on operation requirements and machine capabilities

In this paper we study the generalized grouping problem of cellular manufacturing. We propose an operation-sequence-based method for forming flow-line manufacturing cells. Process planning in the form of selection of the machine for each operation is included in the problem formulation. Input requirements include the set of operation requirements for each part type, and operation capabilities for all available machine types. The objective is to find the minimum-cost set of flow-line cells that is capable of producing the desired part mix. A similarity coefficient based on the longest common operation subsequence between part types is defined and used to group parts into independent, flow-line families. An algorithm is developed for finding a composite operation supersequence for each family. Given machine options for each operation in this sequence, the optimal machine sequence and capacity for each cell is then found by solving a shortest path problem on an augmented graph. The method is shown to be efficient and computational results are reported.     

汽轮机凝结水系统技术改造和操作优化

介绍48000 m3/h空分设备配套汽轮机凝结水系统的工艺流程,分析在凝结水系统调试过程中发生的凝结水泵过载、管线振动、凝结水温度上升的现象和原因,阐述为使其满足运行需求而实施的技术改造和操作优化。     

基于数字孪生的高动态生产系统联动决策方法

个性化需求引发的随机高动态干扰加大了生产系统高效运作的难度。如何面向随机高动态干扰,构建在线联动决策方法,实现对生产系统的精准决策以支持各生产单元的高效协同成为关键挑战。以模块化生产的多单元联动运作为研究对象,基于数字孪生构建多单元联动决策架构、机制和模型。通过实时精准映像与动态虚拟仿真,实现高动态生产系统的在线协同运作和自主联动决策。最后以某大型化工企业的多单元联动运作为例,验证所提方法可以显著降低系统运作总成本,实现复杂多单元生产系统在高动态干扰下的最优化运作。     

Design of an efficient broadband far-infrared Fourier-transform spectrometer

As part of a feasibility study for a far-infrared Fourier-transform spaceborne spectrometer, the criteria that drive the choice of the instrument configuration have been identified as broadband operation, dual input and output ports, optics of the interferometer with full tilt compensation, and measurement of both planes of polarization of the source on a single detector. Despite the fact that some of these requirements are apparently difficult to reconcile, a new configuration of the polarizing interferometer that meets all the above requirements has been identified. The considerations that led to the design of this new configuration are discussed.     

基于情感化交互的家用扫地机器人故障表达

目的针对现有的家用扫地机器人的故障报错策略,探讨情感化故障表达在家用扫地机器人中的设计需求。方法通过用户访谈获取他们对家用扫地机器人在故障表达方面的情感化设计需求,利用Kano模型进行分析,根据相关结果展开相应的分析讨论。对家用扫地机器人在框架结构、功能服务、操作反馈和视觉效果这4个方面,进行交互设计需求的研究,并对其进行用户满意度指数和四象限分析。结论通过以上方法,获得用户对家用扫地机器人在故障表达中的期望与需求。用户对家用扫地机器人在故障表达中的诉求集中在可靠性和易用性上,同时希望有适当的交互引导和情感化表达,并对界面视觉的统一和操作流程的便捷等方面有着较大的期待。     

Formal verification of functional properties of a SCR-style software requirements specification using PVS

Industrial software companies developing safety-critical systems are required to use rigorous safety analysis techniques to demonstrate compliance to regulatory bodies. In this paper, we describe an approach to formal verification of functional properties of requirements for an embedded real-time software written in software cost reduction (SCR)-style language using PVS specification and verification system. Key contributions of the paper include development of an automated method of translating SCR-style requirements into PVS input language as well as identification of property templates often needed in verification. Using specification for a nuclear power plant system, currently in operation, we demonstrate how safety demonstration on requirements can be accomplished while taking advantage of assurance provided by formal methods.