植物类复方化妆品

由于人们希望更多地回归自然，日益注重化妆品的安全性，在这一趋势下，天然和绿色逐渐成为化妆品的主旋律，由于植物化妆品性质缓和、美容、保健，毒副作用小，越来越受到人们的青睐，逐渐在化妆品中占据重要地位。天然化妆品以功效成分的来源不同，主要分为三种：植物类、动物类、生物工程类三种。植物类化妆品是以植物的提取物和纯化物质为主要功效成分，植物类复方化妆品则包括两种或两种以上的植物来源的化妆品功效成分，在皮肤生物学上，有效成分之间相互作用，协同完成一个或几个美容目的。     

药用植物亲缘学在我国化妆品植物原料开发中的应用前景展望

从我国化妆品产业及原料开发现状出发，分析了我国化妆品产业发展尤其是原料的开发创新与发达国家之间存在的差距和潜在优势。基于药用植物亲缘学理论在中药及传统药物资源开发中的成功应用实践，提出以药用植物亲缘学理论为指导，充分利用我国丰富的植物资源和传统医药优势，积极开发化妆品植物新原料的新思路和实施路径，对于扩大已使用化妆品植物原料资源来源、指导化妆品新植物原料的寻找和开发、寻找国外原料的替代品和帮助警示有潜在风险的植物原料具有重要价值，可为快速提高我国化妆品科技创新实力，实现产业高质量发展提供有效支撑。     

植物型添加剂在化妆品中的应用前景

本文通过对化妆品产业现状和天然植物资源的来源和功效的简要介绍，分析了天然植物化妆品的市场前景和技术发展概况，并对植物新原料的开发进行了预测。     

纳米脂质体在包裹植物化学提取物技术中的应用

现如今，随着生活水平得到了提高，女性对化妆品的需求量越来越多，对化妆品品质的要求已从单一护理性化妆品转向具有高保湿、抗衰老、防晒、美白和祛斑等功能性护肤品。本文着重对植物化学提取物、植物化学提取物的功效作用、纳米脂质体的结构功能和载植物化学提取物纳米脂质体作为功能性成分的载体在化妆品制剂中的作用进行阐述。     

我国植物性化妆品研究现状及发展趋势

为了满足消费者不断提高的护肤需求,化妆品生产商对化妆品功能进行完善和强化的同时,开始大量使用天然活性物。分析了植物化妆品的市场状况及其发展趋势,阐述了植物化妆品研究中需要关注的问题。指出植物化妆品将成为未来化妆品的主流。     

浅谈国内儿童化妆品中的常见植物提取物及其质量管控

随着植物提取物在儿童化妆品中的应用日益广泛，其功效、安全性和稳定性等成为公众关注的焦点。保障儿童化妆品中植物提取物的合理使用和质量安全已刻不容缓。从国内儿童普通化妆品的备案情况和品牌特色，简述紫草、金盏花、白池花、积雪草和山茶等常见植物提取物的功效与应用。结合植物提取物质量问题和监管中潜在的风险点，建议从植物原料质量、标签管理、产品中植物提取物的检验标准等三个方面，推进儿童化妆品中植物提取物质量管控逐步规范化、科学化。     

中草药保湿成分在肤用化妆品中的应用和研究进展

随着人们对天然护肤品的需求日益增长，中草药成分以其独特的天然温和、安全低敏等特点，在化妆品配方中应用的比例也越来越高。与使用现代化学成分的化妆品相比，中草药成分化妆品具有显著的特点及优势。文中将中草药中的保湿成分分为四大类，分别为植物多糖类、植物黄酮及多酚类、植物油类、植物多肽及游离氨基酸类，从作用机理出发，综述了中草药保湿成分的研究现状，并对中草药保湿成分在国内化妆品中的应用情况进行探讨。     

化妆品原料标准现状及缺失分析

化妆品的质量很大程度上取决于所用原料，通过分析和整理化妆品原料标准，发现目前国家和行业化妆品原料标准主要包括《化妆品安全技术规范》限用、准用物质，可能含有害杂质的原料、基础原料和功效成分这几类，团体标准更侧重于制订基础成分的原料标准和植物提取物的原料标准。有不少常用原料虽然没有化妆品专用的标准，但是可以参考、借鉴其他行业的标准。总体而言，有质量标准的原料仅占《已使用化妆品原料目录》中的小部分，热门的纳米成分标准缺失，植物提取物原料标准中的特征性指标设定也有所欠缺。缺乏统一的化妆品原料标准给企业的质量控制、政府部门的监督带来了不小的困难，今后建议加强可能含有害杂质的化妆品原料、功效性成分、纳米成分和植物提取物的原料标准制订，完善化妆品原料标准化体系。     

天然植物及其护肤功效

回归自然是当今化妆品的发展趋势,越来越多的天然植物原料被应用到化妆品中。介绍了一些天然植物原料的护肤功效,探讨了天然植物化妆品的研发可能存在的问题,展望了天然植物在化妆品中的应用前景。     

UPLC-MS/MS法测定化妆品常用植物提取物中16种香豆素类化合物

建立了同时测定常用化妆品植物提取物原料中16种香豆素类化合物的UPLC-MS/MS法，为评估植物提取物作为化妆品原料的安全性和规范植物提取物在化妆品中的应用提供理论依据。采用液质联用法，应用Waters ACQUITY HPLC BEH C18柱，以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱分离，质谱采用正离子模式，多反应监测，流速为0.3 mL/min。16种香豆素类化合物在各自质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数均大于0.995。在低、中、高3个加标水平的平均回收率为85.7%～108.6%，相对标准偏差为1.5%～5.8%,16种香豆素类化合物检出限为0.3～28.0μg/kg，定量限为1.0～93.0μg/kg，收集的14批植物提取物中，4批检出香豆素类化合物。该方法准确、分析速度快、操作简便、灵敏度高，能满足化妆品植物提取物原料中16种香豆素类化合物的定性筛查和定量检测要求，为探究植物提取物致敏风险物质基础提供一种思路，建议关注化妆品植物提取物原料带入致敏成分的安全风险情况，建立化妆品植物提取物原料质量控制和使用规范。     

Fish oil fatty acid esters of phytosterols alter plasma lipids but not red blood cell fragility in hamsters

In an attempt to combine the hypocholesterolemic properties of plant sterols with the hypotriglyceridemic action of fish oil FA, plant sterols have recently been esterified to fish oil n−3 PUFA. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of plant sterols esterified to n−3 PUFA on plasma lipid levels and erythrocyte fragility. For 5 wk, male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets varying in cholesterol and plant sterol content: (i) Noncholesterol (semipurified diet with no added cholesterol or plant sterols) (ii), Cholesterol (0.25% cholesterol) (iii), Sterols (0.25% cholesterol plus 1% nonesterified plant sterols), or (iv) Fish oil esters of plant sterols (0.25% cholesterol plus 1.76% EPA and DHA sterol esters, providing 1% plant sterols). The addition of fish oil esters of plant sterols to the cholesterol diet decreased (P=0.001) plasma total cholesterol levels by 20%, but nonesterified plant sterols did not have such a beneficial impact. In addition, non-HDL cholesterol concentrations were 29% lower in hamsters fed fish oil esters of plant sterols than in hamsters fed nonesterified plant sterols (P<0.0001). Despite higher (P<0.0001) plant sterol levels in whole erythrocytes of hamsters fed nonesterified plant sterols and fish oil esters of plant sterols compared with hamsters fed no plant sterols, no difference was observed in erythrocyte fragility. The present results show that EPA and DHA esters of plant sterols have a hypocholesterolemic effect in hamsters, and that these new esters of plant sterols exert no detrimental effect on erythrocyte fragility.     

Comparative health effects of margarines fortified with plant sterols and stanols on a rat model for hemorrhagic stroke

There is increased acceptance of fortifying habitual foods with plant sterols and their saturated derivatives, stanols, at levels that are considered safe. These sterols and stanols are recognized as potentially effective dietary components for lowering plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Our previous studies have shown that daily consumption of plant sterols promotes strokes and shortens the life span of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats. These studies question the safety of plant sterol additives. The present study was performed to determine whether a large intake of plant stanols would cause nutritional effects similar to those seen with plant sterols in SHRSP rats. Young SHRSP rats (aged 26–29 d) were fed semipurified diets containing commercial margarines fortified with either plant stanols (1.1 g/100 g diet) or plant sterols (1.4 g/100 g diet). A reference group of SHRSP rats was fed a soybean oil diet (0.02 g plant sterols/100 g diet and no plant stanols). Compared to soybean oil, both plant stanol and plant sterol margarines significantly (P<0.05) reduced the life span of SHRSP rats. At the initial stages of feeding, there was no difference in the survival rates between the two margarine groups, but after approximately 50 d of feeding, the plant stanol group had a slightly, but significantly (P<0.05), lower survival rate. Blood and tissue (plasma, red blood cells, liver, and kidney) concentrations of plant sterols in the plant sterol margarine group were three to four times higher than the corresponding tissue concentrations of plant stanols in the plant stanol group. The deformability of red blood cells and the platelet count of SHRSP rats fed, the plant sterol margarine were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the plant stanol margarine and soybean oil groups at the end of the study. These parameters did not differ between the soybean oil and plant stanol margarine groups. These results suggest that, at the levels tested in the present study, plant stanols provoke hemorrhagic stroke in SHRSP rats to a slightly greater extent than plant sterols. The results also suggest that the mechanism by which plant stanols shorten the life span of SHRSP rat might differ from that of plant sterols.     

生物质电厂废弃物草木灰成分分析及成形

生物质热电厂焚烧废弃物的主要成分是草木灰，其产生量大、密度小。大量草木灰不经处理会造成环境污染问题。本文首先分析草木灰的化学成分，确定草木灰的肥料特征，通过添加NH₄H₂PO₄使草木灰的pH达到国家复合肥的相关标准。选用聚天冬氨酸（30%水溶液）作为复合肥的黏结剂，应用于草木灰复合肥的成形造粒，以增加其抗压强度和肥效。研究不同烘干时间、烘干温度、聚天冬氨酸添加量对草木灰复合肥抗压强度的影响规律，通过分析植物的形态及生理指标，进而研究草木灰复合肥的肥效。结果表明：最佳烘干条件为10h、140℃，聚天冬氨酸对草木灰的抗压强度有明显的增强作用，并且草木灰与聚天冬氨酸的复配比为6g∶1mL时肥效最好。此方法解决了元素循环中断、草木灰环境污染，在运输过程中草木灰复合肥易碎，纯草木灰肥效低等问题。     

高压法三聚氰胺装置与二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置联产利弊浅析

中国石油乌鲁木齐石化分公司化工厂高压法三胺装置由于配套小尿素装置甲铵预热器爆管损坏无法开车,且装置原设计运行不平稳、检修频率高、能耗高。鉴于这些原因,三胺装置和化肥尿素装置同时改造,两套装置原料互供,实现了高压法三胺装置和二氧化碳汽提法大尿素联产,大大降低运行能耗和原料损耗。     

三聚氰胺装置与大尿素装置联产改造

河南煤业化工集团中原大化公司的尿素装置与三聚氰胺装置联产后,由于大量甲铵返回,造成系统的能耗和物耗大幅上涨。经过对系统进行分析和计算,制定了改造方案,进而实现了尿素装置高负荷、安全和经济的运行。     

芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践

精油与油脂分别是芳香油植物和油脂植物提取的天然产品.通过芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践,探求植物资源学课程适宜的教学内容与方法.从专业特色角度出发,除了讲授常规植物资源总论和植物资源各论,增加了森林植物资源学和植物资源学课内实践（实验）等相关内容,加强学生实践技能培养,提升本科生综合素质.     

Cholesterol-lowering activity of plant sterol-egg yolk lipoprotein complex in rats

Free plant sterols cannot be dissolved in oil or water. Using free plant sterols and egg yolks, we developed a plant sterol-egg yolk lipoprotein complex (PSY) that can be dispersed in water and considered suitable for use in processed foods. The cholesterol-lowering activity of PSY was equal to that of free plant sterols and plant sterol esters. Consumption of a freeze-dried PSY-containing omelet reduced serum and hepatic cholesterol concentrations. The results suggest that PSY has cholesterol-lowering activity equivalent to that of free plant sterols and plant sterol esters. Moreover, the cholesterol-lowering activity of PSY was maintained in processed foods.     

尿素装置低负荷运行工况下的节汽对策

实行油化联合后,化肥装置向炼油装置供氢,导致尿素装置低负荷运行,其自产低压蒸汽不能满足自身需要,尿素单位蒸汽消耗大幅度上升,通过技术改造,回收热量,降低尿素生产成本.     

Profit optimization for chemical process plant based on a probabilistic approach by incorporating material flow uncertainties

This paper reports how the economic performance of a chemical process plant is affected by material flow uncertainties from the plant inlet and outlet. Two chance-constrained optimization models were proposed. The models were tested using case studies of an existing gas processing plant. Profit optimization for the case studies was made with respect to the reliability of holding the process constraints at a certain confidence level [0.5, 1]. The optimal profit change for uncertainty from the plant inlet within the confidence interval [0.96, 1] was 86%. On the other hand, the optimal profit change for uncertainty from the plant outlet was only 2% for the same confidence level interval considered. This suggests that the uncertainty from the plant inlet has a major impact on the overall economic performance of the plant. Sensitivity analysis showed how uncertain parameters from both plant sides can affect the overall profit significantly.     

植物染发剂的发展

简单介绍了染发剂产品的市场需求和发展现状；比较了植物染发剂与化学染发剂的功能特点；并阐述了植物染发剂的历史发展趋势以及最新研究进展；综述了色素吸附型植物染发剂和植物活性成分与金属盐络合型植物染发剂的国内外最新研究现状；提出了发展植物型染发剂的重要意义和广阔前景。