±1500kV特高压直流输电线路电磁环境指标计算

随着"一带一路"倡议的实施,未来电网将向跨国、跨洲联网方向发展,超远距离输电和超大容量输电亟需更高电压等级的直流输电技术.该文选取±1500 kV直流输电电压等级,按照基本计算条件,采用模拟电荷法、有限元法、CISPR经验公式和EPRI经验公式等方法,计算合成电场强度、地面离子流密度、磁感应强度、无线电干扰以及可听噪声...     

±1100 kV特高压直流输电线路电磁环境研究

研究特高压直流输电电磁环境问题对我国特高压工程建设具有重要意义.根据±1 100 kV特高压直流输电线路电磁环境限值,按照给定的初始条件,采用模拟电荷法、有限元法、CISPR、EPRI经验公式等方法计算合成场强电场、地面离子流密度、磁场强度、无线电干扰和可听噪声等电磁环境参数.研究表明,可听噪声是导线选型的控制因素.根据不同的极间距和海拔高度情况,推荐相应的导线型式,并给出不同导线型式推荐的导线最小对地距离.     

±800kV特高压直流输电线路极间距优化

目前,我国已(在)建的±800 kV特高压直流输电线路的极间距离均按不小于22 m设计.综合考虑电磁环境、合成绝缘子串长、空气间隙、V型绝缘子串夹角等因素,探讨极间距进一步缩小的可能性,并对其经济效益进行分析,为后续特高压直流输电线路的设计提供参考.     

±1500 kV特高压直流输电线路导线选型研究

在我国成功突破±1100kV直流输电技术的基础上,为实现±1500kV电压等级的全新跨越,文章从导线的电气特性和机械特性对±1500kV特高压直流输电线路导线截面及分裂数形式进行研究,并运用年费用最小法推荐经济性最优的导线型号。通过对不同分裂数及截面导线的计算和比较,充分考虑±1500kV输电线路输送容量大,输送距离长,损耗小时数与电价预计也较高的特点,推荐±1500kV特高压直流输电线路工程采用电磁环境和年费用均较优的10×JL1/G3A-1250/70导线型式,为实现电压等级跨越提供借鉴。     

±800 kV特高压直流输电线路极间距离优化研究

对±800 kV特高压直流输电线路的极间距离优化进行了研究,通过分析最大合成电场强度、最大离子流密度、无线电干扰、可听噪声等电磁环境参数随线路极间距离的变化规律,得出目前的±800 kV特高压直流输电线路22 m极间距离具备优化空间,然后基于电磁环境、空气间隙、V串夹角、塔头布置等多方面因素的优化,将极间距离由传统22 m优化至19 m,并论述了极间距离优化的巨大经济效益。     

±800 kV特高压直流线路电磁环境研究

扎鲁特—青州与锡盟—泰州两条±800 k V直流输电线路同走廊并行跨越小清河。梳理±800 k V直流线路跨越通航河流应满足的电磁环境限值要求,借助MATLAB编制有限差分法计算程序,按照工程实际参数,建立计算模型,详细计算了干、湿导线情况下通航水位处的合成场强、可听噪声及无线电干扰值。经计算,两条线路产生的电磁环境指标均满足国家标准要求,满足线下船只通航及船闸等通航设施正常运行的要求。     

±1500 kV特高压直流输电系统主回路设计

为满足超远距离大容量电力输送需求,研究更高电压等级的直流输电技术是可行方案之一。文章重点对±1 500 kV电压等级直流输电系统主回路进行概念设计,提出适应±1 500 kV电压等级直流输电需求的3个12脉动换流器分层接入的主接线型式,并结合该接线型式特点提出了包括双极混合电压、双极2/3（1/3）电压等方式在内的多种直流运行方式;提出±1 500 kV特高压直流输电工程换流变压器、平波电抗器、直流滤波器和无功补偿设备等关键设备参数的可行方案。     

±1500 kV特高压直流输电线路电磁环境及最小对地距离选择

为了增强电网长距离送电能力,以电磁环境计算数据为基础,结合已有1 000 kV、±800 kV、±1 100 kV等工程的设计运行经验及成果,给出±1 500 kV特高压直流输电线路电磁环境标准限值,分析空间电场及离子流,计算出居民区、非居民区和交通困难地区的最小对地距离,为后续±1 500 kV特高压直流输电线路提供依据。     

±800 kV特高压直流输电线路污秽绝缘设计及配置研究

对±800kV直流输电线路绝缘子串进行污秽绝缘设计时应该考虑现场污秽度(Sp)、现场等值附盐密度(Es)等因素校正,并提出采用污耐压方法进行污秽绝缘设计。根据瓷、玻璃绝缘子的污耐压曲线对±800kV直流输电线路"I"型绝缘子串进行了污秽外绝缘设计。结果表明,在轻污秽度等级下,采用210kN盘形悬式瓷绝缘子,按爬电距离等同原则换算需64片,按结构高度等同原则换算需67片。     

±660kV直流输电线路运行技术初探

结合我国的特高压直流输电线路运行经验,对±660 kV直流输电示范工程建成投运后山西段内的运行特性及其对自然环境的影响进行了分析,重点阐述了±660 kV直流输电线路的防雷、防污闪、防冰、防舞动、防鸟害、防外力等特性,并提出了事故预想及降低故障跳闸率的对策。     

ADSS光缆与输电线路同塔并架工程设计与开发

在已有输电杆塔上架设全介质自承式光缆(ADSS)，可以充分利用线路资源，节约投资，但还存在一定的问题。文章详细介绍了ADSS光缆与输电线路同塔并架工程设计与仿真系统集成用户界面、前后处理模块的主要功能，运用OpenGL的三维可视化和仿真功能，并采用Visual C 编写程序予以实现。该设计具有较强的理论和工程的实际指导意义。     

Digital distance protection of transmission lines

Experience with a digital distance relay algorithm, which also utilizes a digital low-pass filter, is presented. It is shown that the relay is capable of tracking the apparent impedance of a transmission line, as it experiences a short circuit, with a speed and accuracy which are competitive with existing distance relay hardware. The distance relay algorithm is feasible with current large-scale integration technology, although a specific micro-processor architecture has not yet been directed to this particular application.     

输电线路杆塔接地电阻的测量方法分析

文中分析接地电阻测量原理,详细介绍工程上应用较多的直线三极法,研究影响测量准确度的因素并给出相应的处理措施.通过实例证明,零电位参考点选取的正确与否以及对测量结果的判断是保证接地电阻测量准确的关键;基于GPS定位的直线三极法,可有效提高测量准确度.     

A novel fast distance relay for long transmission lines

The measuring accuracy and the measurement stability of conventional distance relay will be influenced by complex and remarkable harmonic components due to the large capacitance of the line when it is used for a long line. Correspondingly, the tripping speed will be delayed to some extent. To solve this problem, a fast distance relay for long transmission lines is presented, which is on the basis of the differential equation algorithm using π transmission line model and the theory of Equal Transfer Process of Transmission Lines (ETPTL). The shortcomings of π model differential equation algorithm due to the impact of high frequency components can be overcome by using a low-pass filter. The problem resulting from the difference between the transfer feature of the voltages used by the distance protection and that of the currents due to the transient characteristic of coupling capacitor voltage transformers (CCVT) can be solved by using virtual digital CCVT. Then, the new distance relay can trip quickly by re-structuring the voltage at the fault point and iterative calculations. A variety of ATP simulation tests show that the new relay has fast tripping speed and high reliability when applied to the long transmission lines.     

一种同杆并架双回线接地距离保护方案

距离保护应用于同杆并架双回线时其动作性能受零序互感的影响.通过对同杆并架双回线接地故障时零序电流特点以及零序互感对接地距离保护影响的分析,指出两回线零序电流反向是同杆并架双回线接地距离保护误动的主要原因,根据两回线零序电流反向时,故障线路的零序电流大于非故障线路,提出了一种逻辑判断的零序电流补偿方法.数字仿真的结果表明,该方法提高了同杆并架双回线距离保护的性能.     

Fast orthogonal search approach for distance protection of transmission lines

A distance protection scheme for transmission lines based on analyzing the measured voltage and current signals at the relay location using fast orthogonal search (FOS) is presented in this paper. FOS has the ability to accurately provide fast estimate of the voltage and current fundamental frequency phasors that are required for a digital distance relay. Compared to the conventional FFT, FOS can estimate the fundamental phasors with higher accuracy and less number of samples. The proposed scheme has been tested on a transmission line model to verify the merit of this approach. The tests presented include solid ground faults, phase faults, and high impedance faults at different fault locations and loading conditions. The proposed scheme can classify all fault cases in less than one cycle after the inception of the faults.     

A novel fast distance relay for series compensated transmission lines

This paper presents a fast distance relay for series compensated transmission lines based on the R–L differential-equation algorithm using the theory of equal transfer process of transmission lines. The measuring distances based on the proposed algorithm can fast approach the actual value of fault distance when a fault occurs in front of the series capacitor. When a fault occurs behind of the series capacitor, the fault loop, including the series capacitor, does not match the R–L transmission line model, so the measuring distances fluctuate severely. Based on this, the relative position of the fault with respect to the series capacitor can be judged effectively according to the fluctuation range of the measuring distances, and the accurate fault location can be obtained fast. A variety of PSCAD/EMTDC simulation tests show that the new relay has fast operating speed and high accuracy when applied to the long series compensated transmission lines.     

Performance of distance relays on shunt-FACTS compensated transmission lines

This paper presents a study of the performance of distance protection relays when applied to protect shunt Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) compensated transmission lines. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of distance relays on transmission lines with FACTS devices applied for mid point voltage control. Effect of two types of shunt FACTS devices, Static Var Compensators (SVC) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) are studied. The study is conducted in three stages. First the situation is studied analytically, where the errors introduced in the impedance measurement due to the presence of shunt FACTS devices on the line are analyzed. In the second stage, the situation is simulated using transient simulation software, EMTDC. In this method, the response of FACTS devices for different fault conditions and system conditions is also modeled. This method brings out some unique problems that would be experienced by the distance relays due to some specific characteristics of the FACTS devices. Finally, the findings are confirmed by testing a commercial distance relay using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The results obtained by testing the commercial relay validate the analytical and simulation studies.     

架空输电线路杆塔承受的导线覆冰冰重的研究

对无冰状态下导线的各个参量以及最大弧垂和悬挂点倾角的进行计算,得出在覆冰条件下垂直线路的竖向垂直比载,分析悬挂点导线施加到杆塔上的张力,得出导线覆冰的截面积,进而得出作用于杆塔的导线垂直荷载和杆塔所承受的导线覆冰冰重以及导线覆冰标准冰厚.该算法所需测量数据少,可为输电线路覆冰分析提供数据.     

特高压直流输电线路直线塔重覆冰不平衡张力计算

首先针对不平衡张力经典算法中存在的收敛速度慢、收敛于非正确解等问题提出解决办法,然后计算某实际±800 kV特高压直流输电工程中的某一实际耐张段在不同覆冰厚度情况下的不平衡张力,并与规程中的不平衡张力取值进行比较。结果表明,在重冰区直线塔两侧存在大档距、大高差或者直线塔靠近水汽丰富的地区时,应在规程取值的基础上适当提高不平衡张力系数,增强线路抗冰能力。最后给出了适用于该工程的不平衡张力系数。