Nonlinear static cyclic pushover analysis for flexural failure of reinforced concrete bridge columns with combined damage mechanisms

In a fixed connection of a reinforced concrete bridge column, experiments have shown that the longitudinal reinforcing bars slip at the interface of the connection under cyclic seismic loading. The bond-slip (or strain penetration) of the longitudinal reinforcing bars causes a pinching effect in the column’s hysteresis curve. The bond-slip (or strain penetration) reduces the column’s stiffness and increases its deformations during an earthquake event, significantly affecting the performance of the column. Significant strength degradation has also been observed after the column reaches its ultimate strength. This study is to model a reinforced concrete column’s performance under cyclic pushover analysis with combined damage mechanisms including concrete cracking, concrete strength degradation due to concrete spalling, longitudinal reinforcing bars buckling, and bond-slip between longitudinal reinforcing bars and concrete. Two multi-scale nonlinear finite element models with and without the bond-slip (or strain penetration) of a reinforced concrete bridge column are proposed. The simulated column’s hysteresis curves under nonlinear cyclic pushover are compared with available experimental data. The results show that the proposed models with bond-slip together with combined damage mechanisms can effectively predict the seismically induced flexural failure behavior of the reinforced concrete bridge columns.     

FRP筋-钢筋增强ECC-混凝土组合柱抗震性能研究

提出一种在塑性铰区域采用高延性纤维增强水泥基复合材料(ECC)替代混凝土来改善FRP筋-钢筋增强混凝土柱抗震性能的新方法。对FRP筋-钢筋增强ECC-混凝土构件进行了低周往复荷载试验,系统地考察了基体材料、筋材种类、轴压比对构件破坏模态、裂缝模式、承载力、残余变形、延性和耗能能力的影响。结果表明,将ECC替代塑性铰区域混凝土能够有效避免FRP筋的受压屈曲,进而显著提升组合柱的抗震性能。与钢筋增强ECC-混凝土组合柱相比,复合筋增强ECC-混凝土组合柱的残余变形明显更小,且屈服后的刚度更高。随着轴压比的增大,构件极限强度升高但变形能力降低。通过有限元参数分析可知,组合柱的承载力和变形能力均随着ECC抗压强度及总配筋率的增大而增大;在总配筋率不变的情况下,FRP筋占比越高,构件的延性越好。     

Flexural fatigue analysis of a CFRP form reinforced concrete bridge deck

Concrete bridge decks reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite panels have recently been used where the FRP panels also serve as the permanent formwork for concrete. Comparing to their short-term behavior, their long-term performance especially under repeated traffic loads (fatigue) has not yet been widely known. This paper presents a fatigue analysis tool developed for a new steel-free concrete bridge deck reinforced with carbon FRP stay-in-place form. The developed model takes into account the cyclic creep of concrete in compression, the reduction in flexural stiffness due to fatigue tensile cracking and the reduction in modulus of rupture under cyclic loading. Comparisons with experimental data show reasonable agreement where a full-size 2-span deck specimen was subjected to millions of fatigue cycles. The parametric study recommends reducing the amount of FRP reinforcement and concrete strength of the current design, and lower loading rate may introduce more stiffness degradation in the system.     

型钢混凝土异形柱框架滞回性能分析

为研究型钢混凝土(SRC)异形柱框架的滞回性能,对3榀框架模型进行低周反复加载试验,结果表明:SRC异形柱框架的滞回曲线饱满对称,耗能能力较强;实腹式配钢框架的抗震性能比空腹式更为优越。基于OpenSees系统对SRC异形柱框架的滞回性能进行有限元分析,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。根据试验及有限元模拟结果,得到SRC异形柱框架的骨架曲线模型和卸载刚度退化规律,进而建立其恢复力模型,为该新型结构体系的弹塑性分析提供参考。     

碳纤维布加固复合受力钢筋混凝土箱梁抗扭性能的非线性有限元分析

采用有限元方法对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土构件进行非线性分析,是对有限的试验研究的有效补充和进一步深入探讨。根据4根碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁的试验研究结果,建立了合理的三维有限元模型,对碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁在弯剪扭复合受力下的抗扭性能进行了非线性有限元分析。计算得到的扭矩-扭转角关系曲线、钢筋和碳纤维布的应变曲线以及界面粘接单元的恢复力曲线等与试验结果吻合较好,可以较好地模拟碳纤维布加固箱梁的受扭性能。进一步通过对7根数值梁的计算结果分析,提出碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土箱梁在复合受力下的剪扭相关性符合直线方程。     

Nonlinear failure prediction of concrete composite columns by a mixed finite element formulation

This study focuses on developing a mixed frame finite element formulation of reinforced concrete and FRP composite columns in order to give more accuracy not only to predict the global behavior of the structural system but also to predict the local damage in the cross-section. A hypo-elastic constitutive law of concrete is presented under the basis of a three-dimensional stress state in order to model the compressive behavior of confined concrete wrapped with FRP jackets. To predict the nonlinear load path-dependent confinement model of FRP-confined concrete, the strength enhancement of concrete was determined by the failure surface of concrete in a tri-axial stress state, and its corresponding peak strain was computed by the strain-enhancement factor proposed in this study. The behavior of FRP jacket was modeled using the two-dimensional classical lamination theory. The flexural behavior of concrete and composite members was defined using a nonlinear fiber cross-sectional approach. The results obtained by developed mixed finite element formulation were verified with the experiments of concrete composite columns and also were compared with a displacement-based finite element formulation. It is shown that the proposed formulation gives e more accurate results in the global behavior of the column system as well as in the local damage in the column sections.     

组合FRP技术加固混凝土矩形柱的抗震性能试验研究

研究了一种利用植筋及纤维增强复合材料(FRP)布横向包裹钢筋混凝土柱来改善其抗震性能的新型加固技术.通过5个钢筋混凝土方柱的模型试验,分别研究了植玻璃纤维(GFRP)筋、横向包裹碳纤维(CFRP)布及两者组合的加固技术对提高混凝土柱抗震性能的作用,分析讨论了不同加固方法对混凝土柱位移延性系数的提高、刚度退化及能量耗散能力的影响.试验结果表明,采用植GFRP筋和包裹CFRP布的组合加固技术较前两种加固方法能更加有效地改善钢筋混凝土柱的抗震性能.     

纤维增强混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究及数值模拟

为了改善钢筋混凝土（RC）柱的抗震性能和损伤容限,在柱端局部采用纤维增强混凝土（FRC）代替普通混凝土,考虑轴压比和剪跨比,设计了9根FRC柱以及1根RC对比柱试件。通过拟静力试验,观察试件在低周反复水平荷载作用下的裂缝开展过程和破坏形态,研究其滞回性能、变形和承载能力、耗能能力及刚度退化规律等。结果表明,与RC柱相比,剪跨比为2.0的FRC柱仍为压弯破坏,强度和刚度退化缓慢,具有较好的变形能力、耗能能力和损伤容限;轴压比及剪跨比对FRC柱的变形能力和耗能能力有明显影响;FRC柱仅需配置抗剪箍筋,不必另外配置约束箍筋,即可满足变形和耗能要求。基于OpenSees有限元软件,建立了多组FRC柱的有限元模型,在对有限元模型进行试验验证的基础上,进行参数分析。研究结果表明:模拟滞回曲线与试验滞回曲线总体上比较吻合;剪跨比、轴压比及FRC强度对FRC柱的承载能力均有一定影响。     

Cyclic modeling of FRP-confined concrete with improved ductility

Confinement by fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps can significantly enhance strength and ductility of concrete columns. Behavior of FRP-confined concrete in uniaxial compression can be characterized by its bilinear stress–strain and unique dilation properties. A number of models have in recent years been developed to capture these characteristics under monotonic loading. None, however, have addressed the cyclic response of FRP-confined concrete. A total of 24 FRP-confined concrete stub specimens were tested in uniaxial compression under different levels of loading and unloading, with different fiber type, wrap thickness, and loading patterns. Based on a regression analysis of test results, a constitutive model is developed that includes cyclic rules for loading and unloading, plastic strains, and stiffness and strength degradations. The proposed model is validated by comparing analytical predictions with experimental results of an independent test series. Good agreement was shown between the analysis and experiments, confirming the ability of the model to predict the cyclic behavior of FRP-confined concrete. The model could be easily implemented in a fiber element model for flexural analysis of cyclic loaded beam-columns in conjunction with a strain gradient approach.     

任意截面预应力混凝土细长柱的非线性分析

提出了轴力和双向弯曲作用下任意截面混凝土和预应力混凝土细长柱的非线性有限元计算模型。分析时既考虑了由单元变形和轴力二次矩引起的几何非线性效应,也考虑了由材料非线性应力应变关系和截面刚度矩阵引起的材料非线性效应。推导了非线性全过程分析的标准有限元公式,得到的单元刚度矩阵可分割成三个子矩阵,分别反映了材料非线性、材料非线性和单元大位移的耦合、轴力二次矩等三种不同的非线性作用效应。计算分析结果和试验结果吻合较好。     

Strength and stiffness of post-heated columns repaired with ferrocement and fibre reinforced polymer jackets

This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to compare the effectiveness of ferrocement and fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs) jackets for the repair of post-heated square and circular reinforced concrete columns. The suite of test specimens comprised (a) non-heated and non-repaired; (b) post-heated and non-repaired and (c) post-heated and repaired, columns. Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and ferrocement jackets were used to repair the heated columns. All the columns were tested under axial compression. The test results covering the axial compressive strength, stiffness (secant stiffness), ductility, deformation and energy dissipation for the non-heated and non-repaired, and post-heated and non-repaired columns, were explored and compared with those of the post-heated columns repaired with FRP and ferrocement jackets. The test results showed that the FRP jackets increased the compressive strength, ductility, deformation ability and energy dissipation capacity of post-heated columns but did not increase the stiffness. However, the ferrocement jackets enhanced both the strength and stiffness of the post-heated columns. It is concluded that a possible combination of ferrocement and FRP jackets is the optimum solution to restore the required strength, stiffness and ductility following structural damage from a fire.     

HPFL加固负载下有震损RC圆柱抗震性能的有限元分析

基于采用高性能水泥复合砂浆钢筋网薄层(HPFL)加固4根钢筋混凝土足尺圆柱在不变轴力和周期水平荷载作用下抗震性能的试验研究结果,该文对试件进行了数值模拟分析,研究被加固柱的抗震承载力、延性、刚度、耗能能力等的性能特征。同时,还提出了可用于负载下有震损RC柱的加固方法和该类结构的抗弯承载力简化计算方法。在此基础上,利用新加固方法和有限元分析手段,研究影响负载下有震损RC柱抗震性能的主要因素,包括轴压比、剪跨比、横向网筋配箍率和配筋形式,研究表明:有限元模拟值、理论值和试验值吻合良好;采用HPFL加固后,构件的承载力、延性、耗能能力均有明显改善,刚度的退化速率明显减小,加固层纵筋锚入基座后,抗震性能的提升改善更加优越;随着轴压比的增加,承载力有较大的增长,延性发挥不足;剪跨比增大时,试件的承载力和延性降低;负载级差越大,后期变形能力明显越弱;采取螺旋配筋形式与采取环形配筋形式相比,两者初始刚度相当,前者延性更好,后者承载能力更高。     

钢筋混凝土柱剪切粘结破坏影响因素分析

剪切粘结破坏是钢筋混凝土压弯构件一种常见的震害形式,剪切粘结破坏柱刚度退化快、延性差、滞回曲线#x0201c;捏拢#x0201d;现象明显、耗能能力差,因此,有必要进一步研究钢筋混凝土柱剪切粘结破坏的影响因素,以避免此类震害的发生。该文通过试验数据和有限元模拟分析了面积配箍率、混凝土强度、轴压比、剪跨比、纵筋直径及加载方式对钢筋混凝土柱破坏形态的影响,结果表明钢筋混凝土柱易于发生剪切粘结破坏的条件为:面积配箍率较大、混凝土强度等级较低、轴压比0.1#x02264;n#x02264;0.5、剪跨比1.25<#x003bb;<2.5、配筋率较大且纵筋直径较大、低周往复荷载作用。     

侵蚀环境下FRP条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压试验

通过侵蚀环境下碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)复合材料条带和玻璃纤维增强聚合物(GFRP)复合材料条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱试验,分析了侵蚀环境对混凝土强度、纤维增强聚合物基复合材料加固锈蚀柱的极限荷载和荷载-轴向位移曲线的影响。结果表明,混凝土强度受冻融环境影响较大,受干湿环境影响较小;纤维增强聚合物(FRP)复合材料加固锈蚀柱的轴向极限荷载与冻融循环次数、钢筋锈蚀率及FRP复合材料种类有关,随冻融循环次数分别增加到25次、50次、75次,GFRP复合材料条带和CFRP复合材料条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱的轴向极限荷载分别降低了10.97%、13.37%、16.04%和5.95%、4.66%、4.33%;FRP复合材料加固锈蚀柱的刚度和耗能受侵蚀环境种类、侵蚀环境作用次数、锈蚀率及FRP复合材料种类的影响。在试验研究的基础上,通过理论分析侵蚀环境下混凝土强度损伤系数和锈蚀钢筋强度退化方程,提出了侵蚀环境下FRP复合材料条带加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压承载力计算方法。      

FRP confined concrete columns: Behaviour under extreme conditions

The behaviour of concrete columns wrapped with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials when exposed to several extreme conditions is evaluated. Cold regions environments, FRP repair of corroding reinforced concrete columns, and fire resistance are all considered. For the cold regions exposure, FRP wrapped cylinders (152 × 305 mm) are exposed to temperatures as low as −40 °C or to up to 300 cycles of freeze-thaw (−18 °C to +15 °C). The combination of freeze-thaw exposure with sustained loading is also examined. For FRP wrapping of corroding reinforced concrete columns, the results of tests on cylinders and larger-scale circular columns (300 × 1200 mm) are presented. The specimens are corroded and then wrapped with FRP sheets. The rate of corrosion is monitored both before and after wrapping. The final extreme condition that is considered is fire exposure. Tests on full-scale reinforced concrete columns (400 × 3800 mm) exposed to a standard fire are described and discussed. Overall, the results demonstrate that FRP confined concrete columns tested in concentric axial compression have adequate performance under several extreme conditions such as low temperature, freeze-thaw action, corrosion of internal reinforcement, and fire exposure.     

实腹式型钢混凝土异形柱框架刚度与承载力试验研究

通过2榀实腹式配钢的型钢混凝土(SRC)异形柱框架的低周反复加载试验,获得其破坏特征和荷载-位移滞回曲线,分析其刚度和承载力。结果表明,实腹式配钢的SRC异形柱框架具有良好的抗震性能,破坏机制为梁铰机制;刚度退化由快到慢,呈现出较好的规律性;对SRC异形柱框架的弹性层刚度进行计算,结果与试验结果符合较好;承载力衰减随加载位移的增加而增大,但当位移小于5#x00394;_y时,同级位移下承载力衰减较小;实腹式SRC异形柱框架的层间受剪承载力可采用柱底塑性铰法进行计算。     

纤维增强聚合物基复合材料加固锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压性能

为了给纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（FRP）加固腐蚀环境下钢筋混凝土圆柱的设计和施工提供参考,促进FRP加固钢筋混凝土圆柱的应用,本文通过加速腐蚀得到类似实际环境中已锈损钢筋混凝土圆柱,采用碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（CFRP）条带和玻璃纤维增强聚合物基复合材料（GFRP）条带分别对锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱进行加固,最后对加固后圆柱进行轴心受压试验,重点研究钢筋锈蚀率、FRP层数和种类对钢筋混凝土圆柱受压承载力的影响;基于对FRP条带间隔约束效应、钢筋锈蚀对混凝土截面及钢筋力学性能影响的研究与分析,提出FRP条带间隔约束锈蚀钢筋混凝土圆柱轴心受压承载力计算模型。试验实测值与模型计算值之比的平均值为1.020,变异系数为0.063,二者符合较好。     

考虑反复加载时混凝土损伤积累的RC平板及剪力墙的有限元分析模型的开发

反复荷载作用下的混凝土、钢筋的本构模型是评价和分析钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的承载力-变形特性关键,旨在开发适用于反复荷载作用下RC平板、剪力墙的2维非线性有限元分析的材料本构模型,探讨并推出了反复荷载作用下在混凝土的本构模型中考虑混凝土损伤积累的方法;并对RC平板和剪力墙进行了反复加载的2维有限元模拟。分析结果与实验结果的比较表明,采用所建议的考虑损伤积累的2维非线性有限元分析模型由加载至最大承载力前能很好的模拟反复加载时RC平板、剪力墙的非线性特性。     

Effects of wrap thickness and ply configuration on composite-confined concrete cylinders

The behavior of small-scale fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapped concrete cylinders under uniaxial compressive loading was investigated through nonlinear finite element analysis. Two parameters were considered for this numerical study: the FRP wrap thickness, and the ply configuration. Performances of numerical models with “hoop-angle-hoop” and “angle-hoop-angle” ply configurations were compared, where the terms “hoop” and “angle” indicate that wraps were oriented at an angle of 0° and 45° in reference to circumferential direction, respectively. The finite element analysis results showed substantial increase in the axial compressive strength and ductility of the FRP confined concrete cylinders as compared to the unconfined ones. The cylinders with “hoop-angle-hoop” ply configuration in general exhibited higher axial stress and strain capacities as compared to the cylinders with the “angle-hoop-angle” ply configuration. The increase in wrap thickness also resulted in enhancement of axial strength and ductility of the concrete cylinders.     

基于改进Ibarra-Medina-Krawinkler材料模型的RC圆柱恢复力模型参数识别

该文基于美国太平洋地震工程研究中心结构性能数据库中的76根弯曲破坏及弯剪破坏的钢筋混凝土(Reinforced concrete, RC)圆柱试验数据,以峰值指向型改进Ibarra-Medina-Krawinkler (I-M-K)材料模型作为恢复力模型,采用OpenSEES有限元平台对所选择的RC圆柱试验数据进行数值模拟,识别得到了每一RC圆柱的恢复力模型参数。选取RC圆柱的15个基本设计参数为基本变量,采用多元线性回归和分步拟合,获得了RC圆柱恢复力模型参数的经验预测公式(值)。通过对试验验证组中3根RC圆柱的滞回试验数据进行模拟,对该文提出的RC圆柱恢复力模型参数的经验预测公式(值)的合理性进行了验证。结果表明:该文获得的经验预测公式(值)可以较为准确地预测RC圆柱的恢复力模型参数,可以较合理地反映RC圆柱在循环加载过程中的强度及刚度的退化特征。