基于T(0,1)扭转波的管道纵向裂纹定位方法

针对平行于管道轴线的纵向裂纹缺陷检测,分析导波激励信号的中心频率、缺陷轴向长度等因素对反射系数的综合影响。首先,建立带裂纹缺陷管道的有限元模型;根据频散曲线特征,确定形成T(0,1)扭转模态波的激励频率;其次,在低频段取3种不同的激励信号中心频率,对纵向裂纹缺陷模拟检测的数值仿真,通过改变裂纹的轴向长度,分析其对缺陷回波特征的影响。结果表明:T(0,1)扭转波检测纵向裂纹的轴向定位误差约为5%;周向反射系数最大值出现在裂纹对应的周向位置;设置中心频率为27 k Hz时,回波反射系数随裂纹长度的增大,先增大后减小。通过以上分析可以得出T(0,1)扭转波对纵向裂纹轴向定位和周向定位的方法。     

悬索桥缆索钢丝损伤超声导波检测数值模拟

为了实现对大跨悬索桥缆索钢丝损伤的有效检测,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,对超声导波无损检测技术进行研究。通过理论求解钢丝中导波的频散曲线,分析频散特性和波结构,选取中心频率为200 kHz的L(0,1)模态进行钢丝断丝损伤检测;利用有限元软件,研究了钢丝中导波的频散特性和波结构,通过二维傅里叶变换技术对钢丝中的低阶导波模态进行识别,进一步分析了缺陷尺寸和角度对L(0,1)模态缺陷反射系数的影响;最后,对L(0,1)模态在两根钢丝和七根钢丝的断丝处的缺陷回波进行了数值模拟。数值模拟与理论分析结果相吻合,说明低频L(0,1)模态可以有效地对缆索钢丝断丝损伤进行远距离检测。     

基于神经网络的超声导波钢杆缺陷识别

利用基于BP神经网络的缺陷识别算法,从不同实验条件下获得的信号样本中抽取特征量,对钢杆中不同深度和位置的径向裂纹进行了识别。首先,采用频率为235kHz激励轴对称纵向模态导波对钢杆中的径向裂纹进行了检测。实验表明,在235kHz时获得的超声导波信号含较单一的L(0,2)模态,避免了用L(0,1)模态检测小尺寸缺陷时检测能力较弱的问题,又减少了用轴对称纵向高阶模态检测缺陷时模态较多不易分辨缺陷回波的现象。其次,利用算法对钢杆中的径向裂纹进行识别。结果表明,在已有实验样本数下,缺陷识别算法从整体上很好地识别不同深度和位置的裂纹,识别正确率稳定在87%。     

有机热载体炉积碳层导波检测模态识别研究

针对有机热载体炉火灾的关键因素积碳层,提出利用超声导波对其厚度进行定量检测的方法。阐述了超声导波检测原理和检测系统。然而,由于管道超声导波具有多模态和频散特性,利用时频分析对炉管积碳检测的超声导波模态进行识别。接收信号的时频分析结果与L(0,2)模态的理论频散曲线较为拟合。并且通过时差法确定接收信号的实验群速度与理论群速度相对误差仅为1.88%~3.48%。从而确定接收信号主要为L(0,2)模态。该研究结果为基于超声导波的有机热载体炉积碳检测技术奠定了基础。（蓝色部分为修改意见1的修改）     

钢花管中低频纵向超声导波传播特性的试验研究

钢花管是管棚支护结构中的核心承力构件。将超声导波技术应用于钢花管的无损检测显得十分重要。首先优化选取了适用于钢花管检测的压电陶瓷片尺寸以及激励频率为30kHz的L(0,2)模态。为研究钢花管管体上的孔对低频纵向超声导波检测能力的影响,试验研究了钢花管孔数与检测信号特征之间的变化关系。结果表明:钢花管孔数的增加对频率为30kHz的L(0,2)模态回波信号幅值几乎没有影响,表明低频纵向超声导波具有对长距离钢花管无损检测的潜力;而频率为30kHz的L(0,2)模态的群速度随钢花管管体中孔的增加呈线性下降的趋势。该研究结果为基于低频超声导波技术的钢花管无损检测奠定了一定的基础。     

高速公路护栏立柱导波相位特性分析与试验研究

为了实现对高速公路立柱端面导波信号的自动识别,进而实现立柱的埋深检测,对立柱端面处导波信号的相位特性进行了分析研究。通过推导计算反射系数得出端面回波信号与激励脉冲信号反相的相位特性。采用基于Gabor字典的匹配追踪算法分别对ABAQUS有限元仿真信号和实测导波信号进行了稀疏分解,通过所得匹配原子的相位参数验证了回波信号的相位特性,其中实测信号为分别用64 k Hz和128 k Hz的T(0,1)模态导波对埋地立柱和自由立柱进行检测所得。仿真与实测信号的试验结果与理论分析相吻合,回波信号的相位特性为导波检测中的信号处理技术提供了新的途径和方法。     

基于L(0,2)模态的身管损伤无损检测方法研究

火炮特别是新型火炮在现代战争中发挥巨大作用,身管是火炮的重要组成部分,其缺陷检测至关重要。利用Comsol有限元仿真软件模拟导波模态并与理论计算结果进行对比,验证有限元仿真的正确性和可行性。在对比研究L模态导波和T模态导波的基础上,给出一种基于L(0,2)模态导波的身管缺陷无损检测方法,并利用有限元仿真软件对L(0,2)模态在存在内表面非对称缺陷的身管中的传播过程进行仿真。理论研究和仿真结果表明,该方法可以用来识别不同种导波模态并对缺陷进行检测,为今后身管缺陷检测奠定基础。     

管结构导波频散曲线绘制与试验验证

从理论上分析了管道结构中三种模态簇导波的传播特性。根据推导出导波的频散方程,通过数值方法绘制出了导波的频散曲线。利用试验验证了所建立的频散曲线的有效性。在两种不同截面尺寸的管道中进行激励70kHz-200kHz范围内的纵向模态试验,结果表明L(0,2)在管结构中传播速度与理论值较吻合,对利用超声导波对管道进行无损检测具有一定实际指导意义。     

基于纵向超声导波管道非通透缺陷检测研究

管道经过长期服役后,由于磨损、腐蚀和意外损伤等原因,对管道正常运行产生危害。在实际工况中,小的腐蚀缺陷容易发展成腐蚀穿孔,浅层的小裂纹容易发展成穿透型裂纹,因此探究如何有效检测管道小宽度非通透缺陷是很有必要的。利用ANSYS有限元仿真软件模拟纵向模态导波对管道的周向和斜向非通透缺陷的检测,得到了周向非通透缺陷的反射系数曲线,并证实时间反转法可以显著提高导波对非通透斜裂纹的检测能力。还针对空管和充水管非通透斜裂纹的定位问题进行了研究,结果表明利用时间反转法可以得到缺陷较为精确的周向与轴向位置及大致形状。     

激光激发薄管中超声兰姆波的数值模拟

用有限元方法,对薄管中热弹机制产生的激光超声进行了研究。在考虑材料热物理参数随温度变化的前提下,得到了薄铝管中的温度场和表面的超声导波,描绘了薄铝管中的逆时针向不同接收点处表面导波的时域波形图。由波形图可知,薄圆管中的激光超声导波是典型的L(0,m)模态的超声Lamb波,同时数值结果验证了管道中L(0,2)模式是传播速度最快且频散较小的导波,为激光超声导波在管道无损检测中的应用打下了一定的基础。     

基于超声导波检测管道缺陷的数值模拟

为了研究扭转模态在不同形状管道中的传播特性和缺陷的检测能力,建立了带有缺陷的管道有限元模型,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对T(0, 1)模态导波在直管、弯管中的传播过程进行数值模拟研究。导波信号采用汉宁窗调制的正弦信号,激励T(0, 1)模态信号。结果表明:最低阶的扭转模态适合于管道的缺陷检测;50 kHz的T(0, 1)模态导波对直管、弯管上的缺陷敏感,在缺陷对应的位置上,导波的回波幅值最大,能量也较集中。     

CIRCUMFERENTIAL SHEAR HORIZONTAL WAVE AXIAL-CRACK SIZING IN PIPES

Circumferential shear horizontal (SH) waves are used for the inspection and sizing of axial cracks in pipelines. Experiments on two sample pipes having notches with different depths and lengths were carried out utilizing magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) technology for generating circumferential shear horizontal guided waves. A simplified two-dimensional model for crack sizing in pipes was studied through wave-reflection amplitude coefficients. The wave-reflection amplitudes are affected by both defect depths and lengths. To estimate the defect depth, which is critical, length compensation was taken for defects shorter than the beam width. An axial scan was carried out for the defect length estimations and the length compensation. Based on this axial scan, an approximate two-dimensional theory has been developed that has improved the defect depth estimation greatly. Two-dimensional boundary element modeling analysis and normal mode expansion technology are used to study defect sizing theoretically in a pipe-like structure by calculating reflection coefficients. The theoretical results agree with the experiments quite favorably.     

超声Lamb波在缺陷处的二维散射特性研究

利用散射系数周向分布图研究了超声Lamb波在缺陷处的二维散射特性。建立了超声Lamb波与缺陷交互作用的有限元仿真模型,采用双元激励法产生单一S0模态入射信号,利用吸收边界消除边界回波的影响,采集缺陷所有方向上的散射信号并产生散射系数周向分布图。此模型的计算结果与实验结果一致,证明了模型的正确性。研究了S0模态与通孔和通透裂纹两种缺陷的交互作用,并测量了S0模态以零度角入射缺陷时的周向散射系数分布图,利用其图形特征可以进行缺陷种类识别。分析了散射场中多模态信号的能量分布,指出检测中若激励单一模态,而接收多模态信号,可以防止漏检,更有效地检测缺陷。     

The application of synthetic focusing for imaging crack-like defects in pipelines using guided waves

This paper deals with quantifying the performance of a technique for detection, location, and sizing of circumferential crack-like defects in pipelines using synthetically focused guided waves. The system employs a circumferential array of piezoelectric transducer elements. A torsional probing guided wave is excited using the array, which subsequently interacts with the reflecting features of the pipe, such as defects or weld caps. The recorded backscattered signals are synthetically focused to every point of interest in the pipe wall, to form an image of the reflecting features of the pipe. The defect image amplitude is used to estimate the defect depth, and the full width at half maximum of the defect image circumferential profile is used to estimate the circumferential extent of the defect. The imaging system is tested with data from finite element simulations and from laboratory experiments. It is found that reliable sizing of circumferential cracks in finite element simulations and experiments can be achieved if the circumferential extent of the defect is greater than 1.5 lambda_S, where lambda_S is the shear wavelength at the frequency of inspection. This result is theoretically valid for any pipe size, any axial defect location, and any inspection frequency. Amplitude gains of around 18 dB over an unfocused system have been observed experimentally in an 8-inch pipe with a 9 dB SNR improvement.     

兰姆波在裂纹处的模态转换及散射特性研究

该文采用散射矩阵表征兰姆波在缺陷处的模态转换和散射特性, 研究了S₀模态兰姆波与亚波长级槽形裂纹的交互作用. 由板中导波模态位移场的特性, 提出了只存在零阶模态时的模态分离方法. 求解了S₀模态在不同尺寸裂纹处的多模态散射矩阵. 结果表明, S₀模态入射到裂纹时, 散射波动场周向分布不均, 与入射角度相关;散射特征的强弱由裂纹长度决定, 长度越短, 散射特征越明显;各散射模态的能量分配由裂纹的深度决定, 随着裂纹深度增加, 散射的S₀和SH₀模态能量增加, 而A₀模态先增加后急剧减小.     

基于超声导波技术对钢杆表面缺陷的无损检测研究

研究了圆柱钢杆内导波的传播及其频散特性。通过实验验证了杆中“直达纵波”这一现象并对其进行了分析,同时利用所建立的实验系统,对2320mm长圆柱钢杆表面的人工缺陷进行了检测。结果表明,在特定频率处,选择L(0,1)模态的超声导波检测钢杆中的缺陷是可行的。     

Correlation between defect depth and defect length through a reliability index when evaluating of the remaining life of steel pipeline under corrosion and crack defects

Despite the various engineering models existing for lifetime investigation of hydrocarbon steel pipelines under localized corrosion and crack defects there is still a lack of information about the correlation between the two main parameters characterizing the geometrical defect model, depth and length. So the aim of the present work is a contribution in evaluating the remaining life of the pipeline using reliability analysis in order to correlate the two parameters through one common parameter, the reliability index. As a first step, the investigation is carried out on four standard and well established engineering models; Irwin, SINTAP, ASME B31G and Modified ASME B31G methods, aiming to coordinate results given by each of the four models. The potential defect depth and length correlation through a reliability index can be used as a decision-making tool to give realistic answers for replacing and/or repairing a tube subjected to internal pressure and on which flaws of different depths and lengths have been detected from inspection of a pipeline after few years of service.