基于CATIA二次开发的发动机活塞参数化设计

介绍了CATIA二次开发技术和参数化技术.为提高产品设计效率,以发动机活塞作为研究对象、三维软件CATIA为平台、CAA为开发工具,研究了发动机活塞的参数化建模方法.简要分析发动机活塞的主要结构参数.用CAA和面向对象的程序语言来设计参数化程序,实现活塞的快速建模,使产品设计效率有很大提高.     

活塞二阶运动对非道路高压共轨柴油机振动及噪声影响分析

活塞敲击是柴油机主要的振动和噪声源,其主要原因是活塞在其与缸套的间隙中做横向和偏摆的二阶运动,因此研究活塞设计参数对活塞二阶运动的影响,优化活塞动力学特性,对于发动机减振降噪具有重要意义。以某非道路四缸高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,建立活塞动力学计算模型以及整机多体动力学计算模型,通过机体和曲轴的模态试验,验证了有限元模型的准确性;采用正交设计方法,研究了活塞销偏置量、活塞裙部中凸点位置、配缸间隙对活塞动力学、整机振动与噪声的影响。研究结果表明:活塞配缸间隙对活塞敲击能量、活塞敲击力、活塞所受力矩影响最大;对发动机振动噪声敏感性分析显示,活塞销偏置是影响发动机振动与噪声性能的关键因素。     

颗粒阻尼减振性能的试验研究

利用回归设计的方法,进行二次回归正交组合试验,建立颗粒阻尼减振特性的非线性回归模型.将该模型应用于预测,并通过试验验证该回归模型的正确性.最后通过分析得到颗粒阻尼减振特性与主要参数之间的变化规律,并利用非线性优化的方法对颗粒阻尼的参数进行优化设计.     

活塞销失效原因分析

某发动机活塞销失效导致发动机损毁.采用磁粉探伤、宏微观断口分析、化学成分、金相组织及硬度分析等方法对失效的活塞销进行了分析,同时还对活塞销在服役过程中的应力状态进行了有限元模拟计算.结果表明,导致活塞销疲劳断裂的原因是活塞销端面存在磨削裂纹.     

自由活塞斯特林发动机Re-1000的模拟研究

为了掌握自由活塞斯特林发动机的设计方法,采用Sage软件建立了自由活塞斯特林发动机Re-1000的一维模型。模拟结果和实验结果比较显示,输出功率、热效率的模拟值和实验值呈相同的变化趋势。输出功率模拟值与实验值误差约为15%,热效率模拟值比实验值大4%。证明了Sage软件模拟自由活塞斯特林发动机具有较好的准确性,对优化自由活塞斯特林发动机性能有一定意义。     

考虑发动机系统动力学与动力润滑耦合的活塞拍击分析

为降低活塞拍击、改善发动机振动噪声性能,考虑活塞-缸套表面粗糙度对润滑状态、活塞运动及活塞拍击影响,基于膜厚比建立活塞缸套动力学分析模型。结合考虑活塞、连杆、曲轴及缸体耦合振动的发动机系统动力学分析模型,建立考虑发动机系统动力学与动力润滑的活塞拍击分析模型,探讨活塞拍击现象。与传统的活塞-缸套非线性动力学分析模型进行对比分析,并结合缸体振动响应实验数据,讨论理论模型误差原因。     

某活塞发动机临界转速的计算

在分析轴承支承刚度等因素的基础上，建立了某活塞发动机临界转速的有限元计算模型，利用有限元方法计算了发动机的临界转速等重要参数，为发动机的设计和优化提供了必要的数据，对发动机的起动和运行有一定的指导意义。     

自由活塞斯特林发动机的响应面法设计

以自由活塞斯特林发动机为研究对象,采用响应面优化法(RSM)研究各因素及其交互作用对响应值的影响规律。以输出功率和热效率作为响应值,选取活塞杆直径、加热器、回热器以及冷却器长度作为因变量,建立了二次回归模型。通过对回归方程的ANOVA分析和模型诊断,检验因变参数对斯特林发动机性能是否具有显著影响。此外,利用RSM的二维等高线图和三维表面图,揭示了斯特林发动机输出功率、热效率与各因素之间的相互作用关系。结果显示:发动机输出功率随加热器、回热器以及冷却器长度的增加而降低,而热效率随加热器和回热器长度的增加而增加,随冷却器的变化有最佳值。因此,需综合考虑各因素的影响关系再选取合适的结构参数。     

基于ANSYS Workbench的活塞静力学与热力学分析

汽车发动机是汽车整车的核心组成部分，发动机的好坏直接影响一辆汽车的各项使用性能。而活塞又是汽车发动机的“心脏”，那么，研究活塞的受力与受热情况就显得十分重要。本文通过运用三维设计软件CATIA建立活塞几何模型，利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYSWorkbench对活塞顶部和整个活塞进行静力学和热力学分析，来模拟活塞在实际运转情况下所受的应力、应变等。希望能为国产发动机活塞的优化设计提供一些参考。     

基于RBF神经网络的飞参数据预处理

由于存在干扰,飞参系统记录的发动机参数中,经常会有不少间断点和奇异值.为了利用数据对发动机性能趋势进行预测,必须对数据进行预处理.发动机作为一个系统,其各主要输入和输出参数之间必然存在着一定的函数关系.本文研究了利用RBF神经网络和参数之间的关系对数据进行预处理,得到了较为正常的数据,结果表明该方法是有效的.     

Efficient robust design via Monte Carlo sample reweighting

A novel probabilistic method for the optimization of robust design problems is presented. The approach is based on an efficient variation of the Monte Carlo simulation method. By shifting most of the computational burden to outside of the optimization loop, optimum designs can be achieved efficiently and accurately. Furthermore by reweighting an initial set of samples the objective function and constraints become smooth functions of changes in the probability distribution of the parameters, rather than the stochastic functions obtained using a standard Monte Carlo method. The approach is demonstrated on a beam truss example, and the optimum designs are verified with regular Monte Carlo simulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于组合目标函数的磁流变减振器优化设计

以线圈消耗功率和活塞体积为目标函数,以可调阻尼力和时间响应常数为约束条件,以几何及线圈参数为设计变量,研究使目标函数最小化的磁流变减振器结构优化设计方法.推导了流动模式磁流变减振器的阻尼力计算公式,建立了磁流变减振器时间响应常数和线圈功率表达式.以有限元分析软件ANSYS的参数化设计语言(APDL)为优化工具,对磁流变减振器进行了结构优化设计.优化结果表明:优化后磁流变减振器体积明显降低,线圈功率减小,时间常数缩短,达到了优化目的.     

Single and multiobjective structural optimization in discrete-continuous variables using simulated annealing

A multivariable optimization technique based on the Monte-Carlo method used in statistical mechanics studies of condensed systems is adapted for solving single and multiobjective structural optimization problems. This procedure, known as simulated annealing, draws an analogy between energy minimization in physical systems and objective function minimization in structural systems. The search for a minimum is simulated by a relaxation of the statistical mechanical system where a probabilistic acceptance criterion is used to accept or reject candidate designs. To model the multiple objective functions in the problem formulation, a cooperative game theoretic approach is used. Numerical results obtained using three different annealing strategies for the single and multiobjective design of structures with discrete-continuous variables are presented. The influence of cooling schedule parameters on the optimum solutions obtained is discussed. Simulation results indicate that, in several instances, the optimum solutions obtained using simulated annealing outperform the optimum solutions obtained using some gradient-based and discrete optimization techniques. The results also indicate that simulated annealing has substantial potential for additional applications in optimization, especially for problems with mixed discrete-continuous variables.     

基于遗传算法的高耸结构环形TLD满意优化设计

针对高耸结构环形TLD的多目标优化设计开展研究。首先,建立了高耸结构环形TLD控制的动力学模型,并编制了其求解程序。随后,提出了采用Sigmoid函数作为独立满意度函数,并通过线性加权建立了复合满意度函数。进而,基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA),选取环形TLD的几何参数作为设计变量,结构响应和阻尼器行程的复合满意度作为优化目标,建立了高耸结构环形TLD控制的满意优化设计方法。最后,针对某自立式钢烟囱,编制程序开展了其在风荷载作用下环形TLD减振的优化设计。研究表明,该方法能够快速有效地得到一组满足工程需要且较为经济的设计参数,同时该方法对权重系数的敏感度较低,降低了多目标优化设计时权重系数选择的难度。     

行波型杆式超声电机定子的参数化有限元法优化设计

摘要：利用参数化有限元优化方法,对行波型杆式超声电机定子进行优化设计。首先,在确定电机定子初始结构的基础上,建立其参数化有限元模型。其次,对定子有限元模型进行模态分析,求解工作模态频率对各结构参数的灵敏度,选取灵敏度高的结构参数为设计变量,并以反映电机输出性能的重要参数作为目标函数。同时,设计了定子结构的优化方案,采用了零阶优化方法,对其结构进行优化设计。最后,根据优化结果,制作了定子样机。试验表明：定子工作模态和端面质点的振幅都满足了预期的设计要求,试验结果与优化设计结果相符。研究表明,利用该优化设计方法能有效地缩短超声电机设计周期。     

FITTING OF TABU SEARCH TO OPTIMIZE FUNCTIONS OF CONTINUOUS VARIABLES

Tabu Search (TS) is a stochastic global optimization procedure which proved efficient to solve various combinatorial optimization problems. However, very few works deal with its application to global minimization of functions depending on continuous variables. The aim of this paper is to propose an adaptation of TS to the optimization of continuous functions, and to study the influence of the main algorithm parameters on the convergence towards the optimum. In particular, the application of TS to function optimization involves the definition of the current solution neighbourhood and the management of the tabu list. The efficiency of TS applied to continuous global optimization has been tested in detail by using classical multimodal functions for which minima are known. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

温冷复合成形参数稳健设计优化研究

针对汽车杯形类活塞产品高品质、低成本的生产要求,提出了温冷复合成形参数多响应稳健设计方法,构建了基于信噪比的二阶满意度函数和质量损失函数关系式。结合正交试验,优化出最佳工艺参数组合,温成形温度为(795±5)℃,温锻制坯变形程度为0.45,冷挤压模具工作带为2.5mm,冷挤压模具圆角为7mm。经小批量试验考核表明,优化出的温冷复合成形工艺参数对活塞产品质量稳定性控制能力强,具备工程生产能力。     

Parameter effect analysis for a Stirling cryocooler

In this paper, an isothermal model is used for modeling the Stirling cryocooler. Various losses including regenerator imperfection thermal loss, piston finite speed loss, gas spring hysteresis loss, displacer shuttle heat loss, clearance heat pump loss, heat conduction loss, and flow viscosity loss are taken into consideration at the same time step, as they could interact with each other. Energy and exergy balance analysis of the cryocooler shows that the mechanical friction loss is the biggest mechanical loss; conduction loss is the biggest heat loss. Effects of parameters consisting of cold end temperature, hot end temperature, average pressure, rotation speed, displacer clearance size, phase shift between piston and displacer, and ratio between diameter and stroke of piston on the cryocooler's performance are investigated. It shows that, there is optimum displacer clearance size, optimum phase shift between piston and displacer, and optimum ratio between diameter and stroke of piston for the studied cryocooler. The isothermal model was verified by the PPC-102 Stirling cryocooler.     

Automated design methodology for automobile side panel die using an effective optimization approach

In this study, two approaches are proposed to improve formability of an automobile side panel. In the first approach, the effect of using double binder on springback, wrinkling and thickness reduction is studied. In the second approach, the use of optimization method in further improving formability of the automobile panel is investigated. With the optimization method, the most appropriate values of forming process parameters are calculated for optimum formability characteristics. Positions of the upper die and draw-bead, draw-bead radius, forces applied on the upper die surface and double binder surfaces are considered as process parameters. In finding optimum values, finite element analysis, response surface methodology and genetic algorithm are integrated. To achieve efficient and effective integration, a computer program is written. From this study it is observed that double binder with an appropriate stamping force improves formability significantly. Application of optimization method also improves further formability characteristics of the automobile panel.     

Sensitivity analysis of a comprehensive model for a miniature-scale linear compressor for electronics cooling

A comprehensive model of a linear compressor for electronics cooling was previously presented by Bradshaw et al. (2011). The current study expands upon this work by first developing methods for predicting the resonant frequency of a linear compressor and for controlling its piston stroke. Key parameters governing compressor performance – leakage gap, eccentricity, and piston geometry – are explored using a sensitivity analysis. It is demonstrated that for optimum performance, the leakage gap and frictional parameters should be minimized. In addition, the ratio of piston stroke to diameter should not exceed a value of one to minimize friction and leakage losses, but should be large enough to preclude the need for an oversized motor. An improved linear compressor design is proposed for an electronics cooling application, with a predicted cooling capacity of 200 W a cylindrical compressor package size of diameter 50.3 mm and length 102 mm.