喷丸处理EA4T车轴钢疲劳性能和残余应力松弛行为研究

目的 研究不同喷丸工艺处理EA4T车轴钢的疲劳性能和破坏行为,并分析表面影响层性能,尤其是表面残余应力对疲劳强度的影响机理。方法 采用传统喷丸（CSP）和微粒子喷丸（MSP）工艺分别对EA4T车轴钢进行处理,对不同喷丸处理后的试样进行表面性能分析,然后采用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机进行疲劳试验,获得疲劳S-N曲线和残余应力松弛过程,并通过扫描电镜对发生疲劳失效的断口进行观察。结果 与CSP相比,MSP可以引入更高的表面硬度和残余压应力,同时又可以有效地减小表面粗糙度。喷丸可以有效地提高试样的疲劳性能,CSP和MSP分别提升了试样疲劳极限的25%和33%。所有喷丸试样残余应力松弛与循环次数（10≤N≤107）之间存在线性关系,这个线性关系可以用经验公式定量描述。在相同加载应力下,CSP试样的残余应力松弛过程比MSP试样更快,当试样在疲劳加载过程中发生残余应力松弛后,剩余的残余压应力高于初始值的80%时,疲劳失效不会发生。所有试样的疲劳裂纹均萌生于表面,喷丸没有改变试样的疲劳断裂机制。结论 与CSP相比,MSP可以引入更优的表面影响层,在相同加载应力下有更加缓慢的残余应力松弛过程,从而可以进一步提高试样的疲劳性能。另外,残余压应力、表面完整性是影响疲劳极限提升的主要因素。     

表面喷丸强化处理对TC11钛合金疲劳性能的影响

目的改善TC11钛合金的抗疲劳性能。方法采用喷丸表面强化工艺对TC11钛合金进行了表面强化处理,研究了喷丸强化处理、喷丸+二次喷丸强化处理对TC11钛合金试样表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微组织及疲劳性能的影响。结果喷丸处理能够在试样表层引入厚度约230?m的残余压应力场,但同时导致试样表面粗糙度值增加。喷丸后进行表面二次喷丸,试样表面残余压应力值和残余压应力峰值提高,但残余压应力峰值的位置和残余压应力层的厚度变化不大。二次喷丸对试样表面起到一定程度的修复作用,使试样表面粗糙度值降低。喷丸后试样表层组织发生明显的塑性变形,晶粒变细,而喷丸+二次喷丸处理可使试样表层组织得到进一步细化。喷丸处理后,试样的疲劳强度由480 MPa提高至540 MPa,提高了12.5%,二次喷丸使试样的疲劳强度提高至570 MPa,在喷丸的基础上继续提高了5.5%。结论喷丸后对试样表面进行二次喷丸对表层残余应力场的影响不大,二次喷丸主要通过降低试样表面粗糙度值和细化试样表层组织,使试样的疲劳强度得到进一步提高。     

喷丸强化对20CrMnTi渗碳齿轮组织和性能影响

采用强力喷丸工艺对20Cr Mn Ti钢渗碳齿轮试样进行了表面强化处理。利用硬度仪、X射线应力分析仪、表面粗糙度仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜,分别测试分析了试样处理前后的显微硬度、残余应力、表面粗糙度、残余奥氏体含量、接触疲劳强度和疲劳断口形貌。结果表明:喷丸强化可显著提高试样表面的残余压应力,残余奥氏体量减少,表层显微硬度增加,表面粗糙度有不同程度增大,接触疲劳强度明显提高。     

喷丸结合振动光整加工工艺对钛合金疲劳性能的影响

目的提高钛合金的疲劳性能。方法采用喷丸结合振动光整加工工艺对TC4钛合金进行了表面加工处理。对未加工试样、经过喷丸处理后的试样和经过喷丸与振动光整加工工艺处理后的试样,分别进行了表面粗糙度、表面层残余应力测试,并对三种状态下的试样进行了旋转弯曲疲劳试验。对比了不同工艺处理后试样的表面粗糙度、表层残余应力及疲劳强度。结果与喷丸工艺相比,采用喷丸结合振动光整加工工艺对试样进行处理后,试样的表面残余压应力值提高了39 MPa,残余压应力峰值、残余压应力层的厚度略有降低。喷丸结合振动光整加工工艺在不明显改变试样残余压应力场的条件下,使试样的表面粗糙度得到大幅降低。疲劳试验结果表明,喷丸工艺使TC4钛合金的疲劳强度提高了16.3%,喷丸结合振动光整加工工艺使TC4的疲劳强度提高了23.8%,比喷丸后TC4钛合金的疲劳强度高出7.5%。结论在喷丸工艺的基础上,喷丸结合振动光整加工工艺通过改善TC4钛合金的表面完整性,使TC4钛合金的疲劳强度得到进一步提高。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金陶瓷湿喷丸表面强化微观组织与疲劳性能

采用陶瓷湿喷丸强化工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行表面处理。结果表明:经湿喷丸后,材料表面硬度由330HV提高到416HV;表面粗糙度由原始的0.35μm增大到0.48μm,较传统的干喷丸相比,粗糙度值小一个数量级;表面残余应力达-749 MPa,且最大压应力位于最表层,残余压应力层深度约为120μm;拉-拉疲劳强度由605 MPa提高到680 MPa。微观组织分析表明:喷丸处理后钛合金表层位错密度显著增加,晶粒细化,基面织构由(100)向(101)转变。陶瓷湿喷丸强化处理可提高Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳强度。     

表面超声滚压处理工艺对高速列车车轴钢表面状态的影响

为提高高速列车车轴钢的疲劳性能,对车轴钢EA4T进行了表面超声滚压处理(SURP)。综合运用了粗糙度测量仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射应力分析仪、显微硬度仪以及金相显微镜研究了表面超声滚压处理工艺参数中静压力和进给速度对高速列车车轴钢表面粗糙度、表面残余应力状态、表层显微硬度及微观组织的影响规律。结果表明:在试验参数范围内,静压力和进给速度越低,车轴钢的表面粗糙度越低;SURP后,试样表面轴向残余压应力得到大幅度提高,并且随着静压力的增加而增加,随着进给速度的增加而减小;表面硬度以及塑性变形层厚度随两参数的变化规律与残余应力的变化规律相似。     

喷丸强化对渗氮40Cr和30CrMo钢疲劳性能的影响

对40Cr和30CrMo钢进行渗氮、喷丸等单一强化和渗氮后喷丸的复合强化处理,测定了钢件表层的残余应力与显微硬度,采用升降法确定了1×10 7循环周次下的疲劳强度.结果表明,渗氮、喷丸和渗氮 喷丸表面强化均可提高40Cr和30CrMo钢疲劳强度,但渗氮后喷丸复合强化的效果最佳.对疲劳试样的断口分析表明,调质未表面强化试样的疲劳裂纹源于表面,而强化试样的疲劳裂纹源于强化层下的次表层.     

喷丸对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢 表面性能的影响

针对23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo超高强度钢材料，研究喷丸强化对其表面性能的影响。采用扫描电镜、白光干涉仪等设备，分析喷丸强化对试样表面形貌、粗糙度、硬度、残余应力、元素含量等的影响。结果表明:喷丸强化后，试样表面留有大量弹坑，产生明显塑性变形；表面粗糙度增大，算术平均粗糙度为1.33 μm；硬度显著增大，最表层硬度由喷丸前的HV 476增加至HV 497，硬化层深度约150 μm；试样表层的残余压应力值由375 MPa增加至475 MPa，最大残余压应力值约518 MPa，位于距表面50 μm深度处，喷丸形成的残余压应力层深度约为134 μm；喷丸后试样中C、Si、Cr等各元素的质量分数均略有增加。喷丸在一定程度上改善了23Co14Ni12Cr3Mo钢材料的表面性能，有利于提高其疲劳抗力和耐腐蚀性。     

喷丸强度对316不锈钢表面完整性及疲劳寿命的影响

目的阐明喷丸强度对316不锈钢疲劳寿命的影响机制。方法不同喷丸强度处理的316不锈钢试样经化学腐蚀后,利用光学显微镜观察其微观结构的变化。采用白光干涉仪、维氏显微硬度测量系统、X射线应力分析仪等,分析喷丸处理前后316不锈钢试样的表面轮廓、表面粗糙度、显微硬度以及残余应力等的变化。利用疲劳试验机测得喷丸处理前后316不锈钢试样的拉伸性能和疲劳寿命。结果喷丸处理后,试样表面粗糙度明显增加,随着喷丸强度的增大,表面粗糙度S_a由0.04μm增至6.73μm。此外,喷丸处理后,产生了从表层到材料基体的微结构梯度,随着喷丸强度的变化,表面变形层的厚度位于110～290μm之间。喷丸过程中产生了加工硬化现象,并且引入了一定深度的残余压应力层。随着喷丸强度的增大,喷丸处理试样显微硬度的最大值由356HV_(0.1)增至435HV_(0.1),残余压应力的最大值由-633 MPa增至-750 MPa。与未喷丸试样相比,喷丸处理改善了材料的力学性能和疲劳特性,喷丸试样的塑性应变幅值降低,疲劳寿命明显增加。结论喷丸处理能够有效地改善316不锈钢的综合力学性能,增加其疲劳寿命。不同强度的喷丸处理效果差异明显,在喷丸强度为0.35 mmA时,达到最优喷丸效果。     

喷丸与振动光饰复合处理对GH4169高温合金疲劳性能的影响

本文对比研究了喷丸和喷丸与振动光饰复合处理对GH4169高温合金疲劳性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜、粗糙度仪、显微硬度计、X射线应力测试仪分析和测试了试样的表面形貌、表层组织、粗糙度、显微硬度、残余应力场,探讨了表面完整性与疲劳性能的内在联系及作用机制。结果表明复合处理对GH4169合金疲劳性能的改善效果比单独喷丸强化处理更好;复合处理使GH4169高温合金的常温疲劳强度提高了21.6％;500℃预加热100h处理使复合强化GH4169高温合金疲劳强度降低了6％,但仍较未喷丸处理状态提高了14.29％,即复合处理能够有效改善GH4169高温合金常温～500℃高温工况下的抗疲劳性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。