Mechanical properties of Pt-Ir and Ni-Ir binary alloys for glass-molding dies coating

In this study, the different compositions of Pt-Ir and Ni-Ir alloys were deposited by utilizing ion source assisted magnetron sputtering system (ISAMSS). The surface roughness and crystallite size of the Pt-Ir and Ni-Ir coatings were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. In addition, coatings were soaked at 700 degrees and maintained 10 min under N2 atmosphere using a glass-molding machine. The annealed coatings for oxidation test were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and for microhardness and reduced modulus test were evaluated by nanoindentation instrucment. The cross-sectional structures between the Pt-Ir and Ni-Ir coating layer and substrates were also examined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results show that surface roughness Ra from 1.25 nm to 3.426 nm was observed with increasing the Ni elements. However, the Ra is less than 2 nm measured in Ir-based coatings doped with Pt concentrations under this study. With increasing Pt and Ni doping, the microhardness of both coatings decreased significantly and the values of reduced modulus of Pt-Ir alloys are larger than that of Ni-Ir alloys. After oxidation process, the oxygen concentration of Pt-Ir coatings is less than that of Ni-Ir coatings and the Pt-Ir coatings exhibit superior properties including oxidation resistance, low surface roughness and high reduced modulus over Ni-Ir coatings, especially for the high Pt concentration coatings such as Pt-Ir 2 (55.25 at.% Pt) and Pt-Ir 3 (79.42 at.% Pt) coatings. The surface roughnesses of all specimens annealed at 700 degrees C were slightly larger than as-deposited coatings. Moreover, due to the serious oxidation occurred in Ni-Ir 3 (73.45 at.% Ni) coatings, the value of reduced modulus of this specimen coating is the lowest and the corrsponding Ra value is the largest compared with the rest of Ir-based coatings in the oxidation testing.     

An investigation into the mechanical and tribological properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation and hard-anodized coatings on 6082 aluminum alloy

A ceramic coating on AA6082 aluminum alloy prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) has been studied and compared against a sulphuric acid hard-anodized coating on the same alloy. Surface morphology and microstructures of the coatings have been examined by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction is used to determine the phase composition of the coatings. The adhesion strength of the coatings has been evaluated using a scratch test method. The coating's mechanical properties such elastic modulus and hardness data have been generated using a dynamic ultra-microhardness tester. Sliding wear tests with different loading rates are performed on the coatings in order to assess their wear resistance. Test results show that the PEO treated samples exhibit significantly better mechanical properties compared to hard anodized samples. The elastic modulus and hardness of the PEO coating are 2-3 times greater than of the hard anodized coating and subsequently, an improved wear resistance of the PEO coating has been achieved. The mechanical properties of the coatings and their relations to their tribological performance are discussed.     

Tribological Properties of Mo-N Hard Coatings on Ti6Al4V by Double Glow Discharge Technique

Mo-N hard coatings on Ti6Al4V were formed using double glow discharge technique. The fundamental coating properties, such as the phase, hardness and elastic modulus were investigated. The tribological performances of the coatings in dry wear condition were studied by means of ball-on-disc wear machine. The experimental results showed that the thickness of the Mo-N hard coating was about 10 µm. The coating was single fcc γ-Mo2N phase with (200) preferred orientation. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the coating was 13.80 GPa and 261.65 GPa respectively. The surface treatment enhanced the hardness and elastic modulus of the surface of Ti6Al4V base greatly. With GCr15 slider ball, the friction coefficient of the Mo-N hard coating was in the range of 0.56~0.65 at the steady state. Though the coating did not show friction reducing effect, it improved the wear resistance of Ti6Al4V greatly.     

Microstructure and properties of zirconia-alumina nanolaminate sol-gel coatings

Zirconia-alumina multilayer nanolaminate coatings were applied on stainless steel 316 substrates by a sol-gel dipping method. The coatings were characterised using X-ray diffraction, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The hardness and elastic modulus, the wear resistance and the oxidation resistance of the coatings were measured and assessed. It was observed that the coatings possessed fine grains, fine pores and high retention of tetragonal zirconia phase. The coatings exhibited high hardness and elastic modulus as well as good resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. However, these properties may be influenced by the interactions at the coating/substrate interface.     

Micromechanical properties of amorphous carbon coatings deposited by different deposition techniques

Amorphous carbon coatings about 20 nm thick are commonly used as an overcoat on magnetic thin-film rigid disks and tape and disk head surfaces to improve their wear performance. In this study, we deposited amorphous carbon coatings with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 400 nm on single-crystal silicon substrates by four deposition processes: cathodic arc, ion beam deposition, r.f.-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, and r.f. sputtering. R.f.-sputtered SiC coatings were also deposited for comparison. The hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance of these coatings were measured by nanoindentation and microscratching using a nanoindenter. The cathodic arc carbon coatings followed by sputtered SiC coatings exhibited the highest hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance/adhesion, and residual compressive stresses. The critical load, a measure of the scratch resistance/adhesion of the coating, increases with thickness. The cathodic arc coatings of lower thicknesses (˜ 30 nm) exhibited instant damage when the normal load exceeded the critical load, whereas thick coatings (greater than or equal to 100 nm) exhibited gradual damage through the formation of tensile cracks. The sputtered carbon coatings exhibited damage to the coating at very low loads and ploughing of the tip into the coating occurred right from the beginning of the scratch.     

微弧氧化处理对钛铌合金力学及摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用微弧氧化的方法于磷酸盐电解液中在二元β型TiNbx(x=5,10,15,20,25)合金表面制备了微弧氧化涂层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征各合金表面微弧氧化涂层的物相组成和微观形貌。采用纳米压痕仪、球-盘摩擦磨损实验仪分析了微弧氧化处理对钛铌合金力学性能、耐磨性的影响。结果表明,通过微弧氧化处理可以有效的在各基体表面制备出氧化涂层,表面微孔数目及大小无明显差别,拥有相似的致密度,氧化涂层主要由TiO₂相组成。随着基体Nb含量的增加,各基体表面微弧氧化涂层的硬度值与弹性模量表现出相同的变化趋势,Ti-15Nb合金表面微弧氧化涂层的硬度值和弹性模量值最大。经过微弧氧化处理后,Ti-5Nb和Ti-15Nb表面摩擦系数与基体相近,并无减摩效果;Ti-10Nb、Ti-20Nb和Ti-25Nb表面摩擦系数下降了55%以上,主要磨损机制由磨粒磨损变为粘着磨损,改善了合金的耐磨性能。     

Characterization of WC/Co coatings on metal substrates

In the present work, WC/Co coatings were obtained by electro-thermal explosion directional spraying technology. The performances including microstructure, elements distribution, hardness, elastic modulus and wear resistance of the coatings were investigated by means of SEM, EDAX, nano-indentation test, friction and wear test, respectively. Results show that WC/Co coatings are characterized by compact construction, good bond, high hardness and elastic modulus. The WC/Co coatings also have outstanding wear resistance.     

射频反应溅射(Al,Ti)N涂层的微结构与力学性能

采用Al-Ti镶嵌复合靶在不同氮分压下制备了一系列(Al,Ti)N涂层,并采用EDS,AFM,XRD,TEM和微力学探针表征了涂层的沉积速率、化学成分、微结构和力学性能,研究了氮分压对涂层的影响.结果表明,氮分压对(Al,Ti)N涂层影响显著:合适的氮分压可以得到化学计量比的(Al,Ti)N涂层,涂层为单相组织,并呈现(111)择优取向,最高硬度和弹性模量分别达到36.9GPa和476GPa.过低的氮分压不但会造成涂层贫氮,而且涂层中的Al含量偏低,硬度不高.氮分压过高,由于存在"靶中毒"现象,尽管涂层的成分无明显变化,但会大大降低其沉积速率,并使涂层形成纳米晶或非晶态结构,涂层的硬度也较低.     

WC/Co含量对Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层摩擦学性能的影响

为了探究Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层对材料表面摩擦学性能的影响,采用脉冲电沉积制备出Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层,研究镀液中WC/Co含量对复合镀层晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和硬度的影响;室温下,在MM-W1B立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上测试复合镀层的摩擦学性能,分析其磨损机理。结果表明:随着镀液中加入WC/Co颗粒含量的增加,复合镀层平均晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,硬度则是先增大后减小,镀层的摩擦系数和磨损速率都是先降低后升高;当WC/Co含量为30.0 g/L时,复合镀层的平均晶粒尺寸最小,硬度最高,摩擦系数和磨损速率最低,耐磨性能最佳,复合镀层表面只呈现出轻微划痕,是由磨料磨损造成的,没有犁削和黏着磨损的特征。     

Indentation modulus extrapolation and thickness estimation of ta-C coatings from nanoindentation

Coatings used in tribological applications often exhibit high hardness and stiffness to achieve high wear resistance. One coating characterization method frequently used is nanoindentation which allows the determination of indentation hardness and indentation modulus among other material properties. The indentation modulus describes the elastic surface behavior during indentation and is, among hardness, a direct indicator for wear resistance. To obtain the true indentation modulus of a coating, it must be measured with varying loads and then extrapolated to zero load. Current recommendation of the standard ISO 14577-4:2016 is a linear extrapolation which fits poorly for nonlinear curves. Such nonlinear curves are commonly found for high hardness mismatches between coating and substrate, for example, superhard tetrahedral amorphous carbon coatings (ta-C) on a steel substrate. In this study, we present a new empirical fit model, henceforth named sigmoid. This fit model is compared to several existing fit models described in the literature using a large number of nanoindentation measurements on ta-C coatings with wide ranges of indentation modulus and coating thickness. This is done by employing a user-independent and model agnostic fitting methodology. It is shown that the sigmoid model outperforms all other models in the combination of goodness of fit and stability of fit. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sigmoid model’s fit parameter directly correlates with coating thickness and thus allows for a new approach of determining ta-C coating thickness from nanoindentation.

     

Characterization of mechanical properties of FeCrBSiMnNbY metallic glass coatings

This article investigates mechanical characteristics of Fe-based metallic glass coatings. A series of the coatings were fabricated by conventional wire-arc spray process. The microstructure of the coating was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning election microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimeter. The coating is very dense smooth, adhering well and with no cracking. The microstructure of the coating consists of amorphous phase and α(Fe,Cr) nanocrystalline phase. The nanocrystalline grains with a size of 30 to 60 nm are homogenously dispersed in the amorphous phase matrix. The crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase is about 545 °C. The mechanical properties, such as porosity, adhesive strength, microhardness, elastic modulus, and abrasive wear resistance, were analyzed in detail. The experimental results indicate that the coating has high microhardness (15.74 GPa), high elastic modulus (216.97 GPa), and low porosity (1.7%). The average adhesive strength value of the coating is 53.6 MPa. The relationship between abrasive wear behavior and structure of the coating is discussed. The relatively wear resistance of metallic glass coating is about 7 and 2.3 times higher than that of AISI 1045 steel and 3Cr13 martensite stainless steel coating, respectively. The main failure mechanism of metallic glass coating is brittle failure and fracture. The Fe-based metallic glass coating has excellent wear resistance.     

脉冲电流密度对Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响

目前,通过脉冲电沉积制备Ni-WC/Co复合镀层的研究报道较少。为了探究Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层对材料表面摩擦性能的影响,采用脉冲电沉积制备Ni-WC/Co纳米复合镀层,研究脉冲峰值电流密度对复合镀层晶体结构、晶粒尺寸和硬度的影响;室温下,在MM-W1B立式万能摩擦磨损试验机上测试复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能,分析其磨损机理。结果表明:随着峰值电流密度的增加,复合镀层晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,硬度则是先增大后减小,复合镀层的摩擦系数和磨损量都是先降低后升高;当峰值电流密度为10 A/dm2时,复合镀层的平均晶粒尺寸最小,硬度最高,摩擦系数和磨损量最低,耐磨性能最佳,复合镀层表面主要呈现轻微的划痕,且磨痕较窄,无疲劳磨损。     

碳弧熔覆工艺对熔覆层组织及性能的影响

为获得高硬度、高耐磨性的表面合金层,将镍基自熔合金粉末预先涂覆在Q235钢表面,利用碳弧热源进行熔覆制备熔覆层。通过金相显微镜、硬度计及磨粒磨损试验机对熔覆层表面的组织及性能进行测试,研究焊接电流和涂覆层厚度对熔覆层组织和性能的影响。结果表明:焊接电流相同,增加涂覆层厚度,熔覆层的表面硬度和耐磨性呈现先增加后降低的趋势;涂覆层较薄时,熔覆层硬度、耐磨性随电流增大而下降,涂覆层较厚时,熔覆层硬度、耐磨性随电流增大而呈上升趋势;当涂覆层厚为4 mm,焊接电流为200 A时,组织为镍基固溶体加共晶物,共晶组织为镍基固溶体与多种碳化物、硼化物共晶,硬度最高,为54.3 HRC,耐磨性最好。     

轮胎模具无氢DLC涂层的制备及表征

为探究轮胎模具类金刚石(DLC)涂层的应用前景,提高模具表面的硬度和疏水性,按照模具加工工艺制备35钢基体试样,利用电弧离子镀在基体上沉积无氢DLC涂层,对涂层粗糙度、三维表面形貌、断面结构、元素组成及含量、Raman光谱、纳米硬度和疏水性进行了分析.结果表明:通过改变粗糙度可以改善涂层的疏水性,涂层疏水性随粗糙度增大而显著增加,水接触角最高可达96°,且涂层硬度可达30.3 GPa.无氢DLC涂层可满足轮胎模具耐磨性和易清洁的使用要求,为制造高性能轮胎模具提供了一种可行的工艺选择.     

Relative performance of hydrogenated, argon-incorporated and nitrogen-incorporated diamond-like carbon coated Ti-6Al-4V samples under fretting wear loading

Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (DLC) (H-DLC), argon-incorporated DLC (Ar-DLC) and nitrogen-incorporated DLC (N-DLC) coatings were deposited on flat rectangular Ti-6Al-4V samples. The DLC coatings were characterised by Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation. Fretting wear tests were conducted on uncoated and DLC coated samples with an alumina ball as the counterbody. As the Ar-DLC and N-DLC coatings had relatively more sp² network compared to the H-DLC coating, they exhibited lower values of hardness and elastic modulus. At both loads of 4.9 N and 14.7 N, all DLC coated specimens showed lower values of tangential force coefficient (TFC), wear volume and specific wear rate compared to the uncoated samples. While the Ar-DLC coated sample exhibited the lowest TFC, wear volume and specific wear rate at 4.9 N load, the N-DLC coated specimen exhibited the lowest TFC, wear volume and specific wear rate at 14.7 N load.     

A study on the abrasive and erosive wear behavior of arc-deposited Cr-N-O coatings on tool steel

In this study, the cathodic arc evaporation technique, by using the chromium target and controlling the flow rate of nitrogen/oxygen reactive gases, was utilized to deposit three different Cr-N-O coatings (CrN, CrN/Cr(N,O), CrN/Cr₂O₃) on AISI M2 tool steel. Two types of wear tests were applied to evaluate the abrasive and erosive wear behavior of the coated and uncoated specimens. One was the ball-on-disk abrasion test to measure the friction coefficient of these specimens. The other was the erosion test using Al₂O₃ particles (~ 177 µm in size and Mohr 7 scale) of about 5 g, and then the surface morphologies of the eroded specimens were observed. To further understand the coating effects on the two wear behaviors of M2 steel, coating structure, morphology, and adhesion were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and TEM, respectively. The results showed that surface roughness and adhesion of the double-layered coatings (CrN/Cr(N,O) and CrN/Cr₂O₃) were inferior to those of monolithic CrN, but their hardness and elastic modulus were superior to those of CrN. In the abrasive behavior, Cr-N-O coatings reduced the friction coefficient of M2 substrate. In particular, the CrN/Cr₂O₃ has the highest hardness/elastic (H/E) modulus ration, therefore the lowest friction coefficient, among all the coated-specimens tested. In the erosive behavior, the coated specimens exhibited better erosion resistance as compared to the uncoated ones, at the impingement angles of either 30^o or 90^o. Moreover, the erosion resistance of CrN/Cr(N,O) coatings was superior to that of CrN/Cr₂O₃ coatings due to its better adhesion.     

Mechanical,thermal and tribological properties of electro- and chemodeposited composite coatings

By means of chemical (autocatalytic) and electrolytic codeposition of nickel and silicon carbide particles it is possible to produce coatings with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance on metallic and plastic substrates.In the first part of the paper the basic plating technique in relation to the type, form, grain size and activation of the SiC particles will be described.The mechanical properties of the coatings depend on the amount of incorporated particles in the nickel matrix. By activation of the SiC powder the content of particles in the coating can be increased significantly. Mechanical properties such as hardness, strength and elastic modulus improve with increasing content of particles. It will be further shown that the negative influence of a pure nickel coating on fatigue is reduced with a coating of NiSiC. This result can be explained by the behaviour of the internal stresses in the coating as a function of the SiC content. The tribological properties of the coatings were tested by an abrasive wear mechanism under lubricated conditions combined with corrosion. The corrosive wear tests were performed under potentiostatically controlled conditions.The high temperature application of these coatings is limited by the thermal decomposition of the SiC particles in the nickel matrix at about 500 °C. The coatings were examined by various techniques such as differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and secondary ion mass spectrometry. The influence of different temperatures on the mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings will be described.     

Influence of composition and processing parameters on mechanical properties and erosion response of Ni–TiB2 coatings

Abstract

Sputtered Ni–TiB₂ coatings have been shown to protect Ti–6Al–4V and Inconel 718 substrates from solid particle erosion. However, before new erosion resistant coatings can be efficiently designed, it is essential that the role of mechanical properties in determining erosion resistance be fully understood. In this investigation, nanoindentation techniques were used to quantify the effects of substrate preparation, coating composition, and sputtering process parameters on the elastic moduli and indentation hardness of thin coatings deposited on Ti–6Al–4V and Inconel 718 substrates. The influence of these parameters on coating adhesion was determined using a conventional scratch test. Elastic moduli, indentation hardnesses, and coating adhesion were correlated with erosion behaviour. The erosion resistance of the coatings that exhibited microscopic ductility is dependent on the nodule diameter and coating properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness.

MST/1697     

水性自交联纳米复合道路标志涂料的研制

将水性聚氨酯弹性树脂2344用硅烷偶联剂改性，并与纳米二氧化硅、功能多胺聚合物、颜填料和助剂等复配，制得了性能优异的自交联环保型道路标志涂料。该水性纳米复合道路标志涂料具有干燥速度快、强耐磨、耐水和耐老化的特性。硅烷偶联剂改性后的弹性树脂，在涂料中能明显改善涂料的干燥速度、附着力和耐水性。纳米二氧化硅、云母和玻璃粉等功能填料与硅烷偶联剂改性后的弹性树脂和多胺聚合物发挥协同作用，能明显增强涂料的干燥速度、硬度、耐磨性和抗紫外线粉化性能，满足道路标线涂料的特殊性能要求。     

电沉积Co-Ni-Al2O3复合镀层微观结构及高温性能

在氨基磺酸盐电解液中,利用复合电沉积技术制备得到了Co-Ni合金基中弥散分布Al₂O₃颗粒的金属基复合镀层。通过SEM,AFM以及XRD等分析测试方法,研究了Co-Ni-Al₂O₃复合镀层的表面形貌和微观晶体结构。结果发现:Co-Ni-Al₂O₃的表面形貌和微观晶体结构主要受镀层中钴含量的影响。高钴含量复合镀层具有Hcp结构,其表面形貌比具有Fcc结构的低钴含量镀层的表面更加均匀细致。Al₂O₃颗粒在Co-Ni合金中的共沉积,没有改变合金固溶体的相组成,但却改变了各晶面的优势生长。通过研究复合镀层的硬度、高温耐磨性、高温抗氧化性、热膨胀系数和热导率表明:Co-Ni-Al₂O₃具有较好的高温耐磨性和高温抗氧化能力,并且高钴含量的复合镀层相对于低钴镀层具有较低的热膨胀系数和较高的热导率。