3D金属打印天线技术研究综述

近年来, 随着通信用户量的迅速增加和通信设备市场的快速发展, 数据速率高于10 Gbit/s的高速通信系统要求多种功能集成在天线上, 天线的制造要求趋于高精度、低成本和微型化. 3D打印或增材制造(additive manufacturing, AM)是一种直接从数字模型到零件制造的新兴产业技术, 可在短时间内生产出高精度和复杂的天线零件, 该技术已经成为了当前天线设计的研究热点.制造天线的AM技术主要有粉床熔合、材料挤压和材料喷射.文章首先简要介绍3D金属打印技术的基本原理、操作流程和分类, 接着重点分析几种3D金属打印天线技术的研究成果, 然后浅析3D金属打印天线技术的发展趋势, 最后对3D金属打印天线技术做了总结.     

3D打印扬声器令人震惊的科技发展

几年前我开始关注3D打印机。3D打印机,即快速成形技术的一种机器,它是一种以数字模型文件为基础,运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料,通过逐层打印的方式来构造物体的技术。它的原理是：把数据和原料放进3D打印机中,机器会按照程序把产品一层层造出来。打印出的产品,可以即时使用。3D打印带来了世界性制造业革命,以前是部件设计完全依赖于生产工艺能否实现,而3D打印机的出现,将会颠覆这一生产思路,这使得企业在生产部件的时候无需机械加工或模具,就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成任何形状,然后再考虑生产工艺问题。任何复杂形状的设计均可以通过3D打印机来实现,从而极大地缩短了产品的生产周期,提高了生产率。     

巴塞罗那初创公司推出无人机“蚊子” 可3D打印

巴塞罗那Bonadrone初创公司通过3D打印机DIY了新型无人机,并起名"蚊子"。通过3D打印技术可以打印、组装并遥控无人机飞行。无人机"蚊子"采用模块化设计的四轴飞行器,除马达、电池和控制电路外,其他部件几乎均由3D打印机制造。报道称,如果你的无人机底盘毁坏或你只想更新无人机设计,只要你有一个     

深圳3D打印产业:完善的产业链是最大优势

<正>什么是3D打印?3D打印和我们平时讲的添加制造其实是同义词,应该说,添加制造或者增材制造是更专业的叫法,只是媒体对"3D打印"的叫法更广泛一些。根据美国材料与实验协会国际委员会(ASTM)F42添加材料技术委员会对3D打印的定义,3D打印是用打印头、喷嘴或者其他打印技术通过材料的     

基于STM32的木塑颗粒3D打印机系统设计

随着3D打印技术的快速发展,木塑材料已成为新型打印材料。因此设计一款基于STM32的木塑颗粒3D打印机系统。该系统以STM32单片机为控制核心,控制螺杆挤出、挤出温度、底板加热温度以及步进电机运动等实现3D打印。实验结果表明,采用螺杆挤出的设计思路,保留FDM打印机的三维运动机构,木塑颗粒3D打印机能够大幅度地提高打印效率;而且使用木塑颗粒材料降低了打印材料成本,也拓展了木塑材料在增材制造技术的应用范围。     

基于Arduino单片机的舞蹈机器人系统的设计与实现

介绍了一款基于Arduino单片机的小型舞蹈机器人系统的设计与实现,介绍硬件系统的机械结构、控制电路设计和程序设计方案,该系统利用PWM信号实现对伺服舵机的控制,利用红外测距技术实现交互功能,并利用3D打印技术对机器人支撑部件、外观部件进行设计和制造。     

英国科研机构合作开发3D打印RFID

<正>近日,由于英国两家科研机构——工艺创新中心(CPI)和肯特大学(University Of Kent)的携手合作,使我们在实现3D打印电子产品的道路上又前进了一步。这两家机构的研究人员使用最先进的3D打印技术打印出了一个集成了先进的天线和RFID技术的手镯。在这个项目中,肯特大学负责手镯的设计和3D打印,而其天线部件的制造同样使用了3D打印技术,不过是在CPI的英国国家可打印电子中心里完成的。     

3D打印:喧嚣与浮华

中国光伏产业和LED产业曾经在极度炽热中以冷清收场,而今概念性火热的3D打印产业,如何避免讲述相似的故事5月4日,非营利组织DefenseDistributed宣布制造出了世界首款3D打印手枪,16个部件制造采用3D打印技术,《福布斯》全程见证了这款手枪的实弹射击过程,在全球引发轰动。尽管几天后,美国政府颁布禁     

美军方考虑使用3D打印技术制造各种弹头

正三维制造,俗称3D打印,是一种与生俱来的创新技术。各种材料汇聚在一起,形成一堆,就能够打印出包括从粉末至高热物体在内的一切物体。如今,美国军方也希望将来能将这种创新型的3D打印技术应用到更多、更具破坏性的生产之中,例如:打印各种弹头等。如今看来,对3D技术而言,设计新型的弹头将是     

3D打印的原理及应用

3D打印将变革制造所有产品的方式,被誉为“第三次工业革命”。3D打印实质为增材制造技术,即逐层叠加的方法直接制造零件原型。本文对3D打印技术流程概述,对打印原理做了详细说明,介绍了3D打印在航空航天、体育、医疗和教育方面的具体应用。     

太赫兹3D打印透镜综述

太赫兹波由于其独特的电磁特性可应用于超高速率无线通信、生物化学物质检测以及高分辨率成像等领域。但由于太赫兹波的物理波长小,传统适用于低频的加工工艺难以满足其加工精度的要求;而微纳米加工工艺又具有加工复杂、成本高等缺点。3D打印技术的发展为太赫兹器件的加工提供了新的选择和更多的设计灵活度。文章介绍了香港城市大学太赫兹与毫米波国家重点实验室在3D打印太赫兹透镜方面的最新研究动态和实验研究新成果,包括基于3D打印的太赫兹高增益圆极化透镜、近场聚焦圆极化透镜、贝塞尔波束生成透镜的设计,高精度3D打印方法的探索以及太赫兹天线测试方法等。太赫兹3D打印透镜天线具有低成本、低损耗、能快速成型等特点,可应用于不同的太赫兹场景中。     

3D Printing of Hydrogels for Stretchable Ionotronic Devices

In the booming development of flexible electronics represented by electronic skins, soft robots, and human–machine interfaces, 3D printing of hydrogels, an approach used by the biofabrication community, is drawing attention from researchers working on hydrogel-based stretchable ionotronic devices. Such devices can greatly benefit from the excellent patterning capability of 3D printing in three dimensions, as well as the free design complexity and easy upscale potential. Compared to the advanced stage of 3D bioprinting, 3D printing of hydrogel ionotronic devices is in its infancy due to the difficulty in balancing printability, ionic conductivity, shape fidelity, stretchability, and other functionalities. In this review, a guideline is provided on how to utilize the power of 3D printing in building high-performance hydrogel-based stretchable ionotronic devices mainly from a materials’ point of view, highlighting the systematic approach to balancing the printability, printing quality, and performance of printed devices. Various 3D printing methods for hydrogels are introduced, and then the ink design principles, balancing printing quality, printed functions, such as elastic conductivity, self-healing ability, and device (e.g., flexible sensors, shape-morphing actuators, soft robots, electroluminescent devices, and electrochemical biosensors) performances are discussed. In conclusion, perspectives on the future directions of this exciting field are presented.     

3D Printing of Multifunctional Hydrogels

3D printing technology has been widely explored for the rapid design and fabrication of hydrogels, as required by complicated soft structures and devices. Here, a new 3D printing method is presented based on the rheology modifier of Carbomer for direct ink writing of various functional hydrogels. Carbomer is shown to be highly efficient in providing ideal rheological behaviors for multifunctional hydrogel inks, including double network hydrogels, magnetic hydrogels, temperature‐sensitive hydrogels, and biogels, with a low dosage (at least 0.5% w/v) recorded. Besides the excellent printing performance, mechanical behaviors, and biocompatibility, the 3D printed multifunctional hydrogels enable various soft devices, including loadable webs, soft robots, 4D printed leaves, and hydrogel Petri dishes. Moreover, with its unprecedented capability, the Carbomer‐based 3D printing method opens new avenues for bioprinting manufacturing and integrated hydrogel devices.     

Conformal Printing of Graphene for Single‐ and Multilayered Devices onto Arbitrarily Shaped 3D Surfaces

Printing has drawn a lot of attention as a means of low per‐unit cost and high throughput patterning of graphene inks for scaled‐up thin‐form factor device manufacturing. However, traditional printing processes require a flat surface and are incapable of achieving patterning onto 3D objects. Here, a conformal printing method is presented to achieve functional graphene‐based patterns onto arbitrarily shaped surfaces. Using experimental design, a water‐insoluble graphene ink with optimum conductivity is formulated. Then single‐ and multilayered electrically functional structures are printed onto a sacrificial layer using conventional screen printing. The print is then floated on water, allowing the dissolution of the sacrificial layer, while retaining the functional patterns. The single‐ and multilayer patterns can then be directly transferred onto arbitrarily shaped 3D objects without requiring any postdeposition processing. Using this technique, conformal printing of single‐ and multilayer functional devices that include joule heaters, resistive deformation sensors, and proximity sensors on hard, flexible, and soft substrates, such as glass, latex, thermoplastics, textiles, and even candies and marshmallows, is demonstrated. This simple strategy promises to add new device and sensing functionalities to previously inert 3D surfaces.     

Liquid Droplet Stamp Transfer Printing

Despite the increasingly significant role of flexible electronics in information, energy, and medical treatment, their integration with a special-shaped interface remains an unresolved challenge. The traditional transfer method, as a core technology of device integration, is still unsuitable for thinned chips and 3D sensors. Solid-contact elastomer stamp sometimes causes cracks while non-contact method such as sacrificial layer method fails to achieve precise positioning transfer. Herein, the authors present liquid droplet stamp transfer printing (LSTP) with a high yield ratio which allows flexible devices to be transferred form silicon wafer to complex special-shaped interfaces. Following the transfer scheme, the regulation of interface force is demonstrated with different thin-film patterns. Besides, the liquid droplet stamp is designed as an efficient tool to transfer thinned inorganic flexible chips. A thinned micro light emitting diode, extensively used in large-scale manufacturing of flexible circuits, is transferred and lighted successfully. In addition, a new method to fabricate 3D sensors is proposed with the liquid droplet stamp, which provides a new way of manufacturing wearable antenna and reconfigurable devices. Consequently, the LSTP has great potential for future sophisticated and system-level flexible devices transfer printing and plays a vital role in the research of 3D flexible electronics.     

基于 3D 打印的THz 波导成型技术研究进展

本文首先介绍了太赫兹波导和3D 打印技术的发展现状。3D 打印作为一项新兴的技术,以数字模型文件为基础, 运用粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料通过逐层打印的方法构造实体,打破了传统THz 波导技术的局限性。本文介绍的3D 打印THz 波导利用聚合树脂作为打印材料,打印完成的THz 波导在其传输通路上镀500nm 的金,金的厚度足以支持THz 传播。利用这种方法可以打印出直波导、三维弯曲面、三维Y 劈和U 型波导等多种结构。3D 打印THz 波导除传输损耗 略高外,其传输模式及其特性与传统的金属波导基本一致,这种额外的传输损耗归咎于商业3D 打印机的精度。     

Additive Manufacturing of Batteries

Additive manufacturing, i.e., 3D printing, is being increasingly utilized to fabricate a variety of complex‐shaped electronics and energy devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells) due to its excellent process flexibility, good geometry controllability, as well as cost and material waste reduction. In this review, the recent advances in 3D printing of emerging batteries are emphasized and discussed. The recent progress in fabricating 3D‐printed batteries through the major 3D‐printing methods, including lithography‐based 3D printing, template‐assisted electrodeposition‐based 3D printing, inkjet printing, direct ink writing, fused deposition modeling, and aerosol jet printing, are first summarized. Then, the significant achievements made in the development and printing of battery electrodes and electrolytes are highlighted. Finally, major challenges are discussed and potential research frontiers in developing 3D‐printed batteries are proposed. It is expected that with the continuous development of printing techniques and materials, 3D‐printed batteries with long‐term durability, favorable safety as well as high energy and power density will eventually be widely used in many fields.     

Three-Dimensional Printed Mechanically Compliant Supercapacitor with Exceptional Areal Capacitance from a Self-Healable Ink

Known for its capability to architect tailored structures for the scaling of active materials in energy storage devices that cater for future electronics having stringent requirements on areal performance, 3D printing is receiving serious attention. However, lingering challenges originating from the notorious interfacial issue and weak component interaction restrain current devices from making a breakthrough in deliverable capacity and structural flexibility. In this work, the printed electrode delivers a record-breaking electrical double layer (EDL) areal capacitance of 27.1 F cm⁻² under an extremely large loading density of 134 mg cm⁻². This translates to a deliverable record-high EDL energy density of 1.26 mWh cm⁻² for device performance, which even rivals the highest value reported from highly loaded pseudocapacitors. The bespoke devices are enabled by a strategically formulated 3D printable ink that initiates efficient autonomous room-temperature self-healing and strong interplay between constituting ink components. These contribute to interlayer coalescing for eliminated interlayer resistance for a solid electrochemical performance and printed electrodes of great mechanical compliance. By tapping into the huge potential of 3D printing, this work lays a solid foundation on which flexible devices with customized geometry, functionality, and outstanding performance for a broad range of applications can be readily realized.     

Shape-Memory Balloon Structures by Pneumatic Multi-material 4D Printing

4D printing is an attractive approach for manufacturing structures that can adopt new shapes or functionalities after printing. However, 4D printing methods and materials that can be used to achieve structures with complex shapes and excellent mechanical properties simultaneously are still lacking. Here, a novel 4D printing is developed where multi-material digital light process 3D printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs) fabricates a structure that is later transformed into a complex 3D shape with robust mechanical properties by pneumatic manipulation. In this method, the shape change is controlled by the spatial distributions of SMPs, which is designed by finite element analysis. Experimental investigations are carried out to print various structured balloons with predefined intricate shapes, including a structure in dog-like shape and a surface with the human face contour. These structures are also endowed with robust mechanical stiffness and lightweight features, which allow this new 4D printing approach for potential applications in biomedical devices, reconfigurable structures, and metamaterials.     

3D Printing of Functional Magnetic Materials: From Design to Applications

The research of functional magnetic materials has become a hot topic in the past few years due to their fast, long-range, and precise response in diverse environments. Functional magnetic devices using different magnetic materials and structure designs have been developed and demonstrated good advantages to enable various applications. However, the required magnetic materials and structure designs for diverse functions also increase the fabrication difficulties while developing such devices. 3D printing technology presents a powerful and promising manufacturing approach to rapidly fabricate functional magnetic devices of complex geometries in multiple materials and scales. Here, various 3D printing strategies and the underlying mechanisms of functional magnetic materials for several primary applications are systematically reviewed, including, magnetic anisotropy for property enhancement, magnetic robots, magnetic components in electronics, and magneto-thermal devices. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in engineering 3D printed functional magnetic devices are discussed.