Microstrip bandpass filters on substrates with high permittivities

A new class of compact microstrip bandpass filters, the stepped-impedance resonators of which are located close together at a gap of 0.1–0.2 mm, is described. Basic two- and three-element sections of microstrip filters, which are designed around stepped-impedance impedance resonators used to implement tiny selective devices with overall sizes and characteristics comparable to those of microwave ceramic filters, are proposed. It is justified that the mentioned filters can be equipped with closely neighboring metallic shields whose heights are equal to the substrate thickness. As a consequence, these filters turn out to be thinner. The frequency responses of experimental microstrip filters operating at frequencies of 1.75–2 GHz and manufactured on the 1-mm-thick substrates with the permittivity ɛ _r = 100 have been analyzed. The three-pole microstrip filter with a shield (its operating frequency is 1.96 GHz, and sizes are 5 × 5 × 1.5 mm) has been simulated. It is demonstrated that new microstrip filters can be competitive with low-sized ceramic filters in certain applications.     

Expanding the rejection band of planar bandpass filters

Combined stripline and microstrip filters combining a bandpass filter with stepped-impedance resonators and one or two low-pass filters are considered. Special features of the frequency characteristics of these two kinds of filters, which form the basis of this combination, are revealed. It is confirmed experimentally that, in combined planar filters, wide rejection bands exceeding a decade are provided.     

A new compact microstrip two-layer bandpass filter using aperture-coupled SIR-hairpin resonators with transmission zeros

A new design of a compact two-layer bandpass filter using aperture-coupled microstrip stepped-impedance hairpin resonators is proposed and investigated in this paper. The proposed filter is composed of four stepped-impedance hairpin resonators located on two stacked microstrip layers, and the couplings between the resonators on the upper layer and those on the lower one are obtained by using three coupling apertures etched on a common ground plane placed between the two layers. In addition, the use of tapped input/output couplings allow this bandpass filter to generate two independent transmission zeros. A full-wave simulator is used to design the proposed structure and calculate the aperture coupling coefficients. With this two-layer configuration, the proposed filter becomes very compact and occupies a small space. To demonstrate the proposed design, a four-order bandpass-filter prototype was designed, fabricated, and tested at 2.14 GHz. Furthermore, a single-layer filter prototype was also designed and fabricated at the same frequency band and then compared to the first one. As a result, a significant reduction of approximately 50% was achieved. These features make the proposed structure suitable for compact and high-performance circuit component designs in microwave circuits.     

Compact Bandpass Filters Based on Dual-Plane Microstrip/Coplanar-Waveguide Structure With Quarter-Wavelength Resonators

Compact wideband bandpass filters are proposed based on the dual-metal-plane structure consisting of both microstrip and coplanar-waveguide (CPW) quarter-wavelength resonators. By combining the advantages of dual-plane microstrip/CPW structure and stepped-impedance resonators, strong couplings between resonators may be accomplished so that the fourth-order cross-coupled filter with compact size and wide bandwidth may be realized. To further improve the selectivity, the sixth-order cross-coupled filter composed of four microstrip and two CPW resonators is implemented. Specifically, the implemented filters have the merits of compact size, good insertion/return losses, wide fractional bandwidth, and better selectivity. Good agreement between simulated and measured responses of these filters is demonstrated     

Duplexer designed on the basis of microstrip filters using high dielectric constant substrates

A microstrip duplexer for a modification of a PCS communication system operating at frequencies of 1.84?C1.87 and 1.75?C1.78 GHz is described. The duplexer containing microstrip bandpass filters on high dielectric constant substrates (? _r = 92) are compared with duplexers manufactured on microwave ceramic materials with high values of ? _r . The microstrip bandpass filters use stepped-impedance resonators placed one near another with a gap of 0.1?C0.2 mm. It is shown that the microstrip duplexer has slightly lower insertion loss and occupies smaller volume than a duplexer using coaxial dielectric resonators having a rectangular cross section of 3 × 3 mm and ? _r = 92.     

Features of the coupling coefficients of planar stepped-impedance resonators at higher resonance frequencies and application of such resonators for suppression of spurious passbands

Features of the electromagnetic coupling coefficients between stepped-impedance resonators made of the sections of symmetric strip and microstrip transmission lines at higher resonance frequencies are investigated. It is found that, in stripline resonators, these coefficients are equal to zero at some coordinates of the jump of the characteristic impedance. A new method of expansion of the stopband of bandpass filters, which is based on suppression of the first spurious bandpass and frequency diversity of the main band and the second spurious bandpass is proposed. A Chebyshev bandpass filter with a center frequency of 2.45 Hz and a spurious band at 6.06 f ₀ is manufactured and tested to demonstrate the proposed method.     

一种宽阻带带通滤波器的设计方法

基于非相似谐振结构具有不同杂散谐振频率特性,研究并设计了一个具有较高带外抑制特性的微带带通滤波器,提高了微波滤波器的带外抑制特性。首先简要介绍了利用非相似谐振结构抑制寄生通带的原理。尔后,利用ADS软件分别设计了两个分别采用λ4相同谐振结构和λ4非相似谐振结构的滤波器。通过对比,验证了该方法正确性,进一步说明了非相似谐振结构在设计宽阻带、高选择性微带带通滤波器的有效性。     

Wide-Stopband Microstrip Bandpass Filters Using Quarter-Wavelength Stepped-Impedance Resonators and Bandstop Embedded Resonators

Novel compact microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs) with extended stopband are proposed using both quarter-wavelength (lambda/4) stepped-impedance resonators and bandstop embedded resonators. First, by properly designing the impedance and length ratios of the stepped-impedance resonators, the developed filter may be made compact and its spurious harmonics may be pushed to the higher frequency region. Next, by suitably designing the bandstop structure so as to suppress the lower spurious harmonics of stepped-impedance resonators and then embedding the bandstop structure into the lambda/4 resonators, one may realize the BPFs with wideband spurious suppression. In particular, by connecting the bandstop embedded resonators to the input/output ports, a compact fourth-order BPF of dimension 0.089 lambdag times 0.27 lambdag is implemented and its stopband is extended up to 8.25 f ₀ with an adequate rejection of greater than 32.49 dB, where f ₀ is the passband center frequency and lambdag is the microstrip guided wavelength at f ₀.     

一种具有传输零点的Hairpin带通滤波器设计

本文通过在微带（hairpin）滤波器的谐振器上并联微带开路线，构成了一种新的hairpin带通滤波器。该滤波器在通带附近有一对传输零点，具有良好的频率响应以及频率选择特性。由于这种类型的微带滤波器实现传输零点不需要通过滤波器非相邻谐振器间的交叉耦合来获得，因此，设计过程非常简单。     

Bandpass characteristics of split-modes in asymmetric ring resonators

A new transmission line based theory is developed to study symmetric/asymmetric microstrip ring resonators. The selective splitting of odd modes in certain asymmetric structures can be used to realise bandpass filters. The theory predicts the characteristics of these resonators quite accurately.<>     

基于DSPSL 的电可重构平面带通滤波器

提出基于新型平衡传输线——双面平行带线(DSPSL)结构的电容加载电可重构平面带通滤波器,并以梳状线 和磁耦合谐振环带通滤波器为例验证该方案的可行性。相对于常见的微带线结构,双面平行带线具有对称性以及较高 的功率使用容量。这些特性使得滤波器在没有无限大金属地板的情况下,仍然获得了良好的性能。采用DSPSL 结构 进行微波电路设计不但可以减小电路的尺寸,同时还增加了电路设计的灵活性。     

新型微带抽头式发夹型带通滤波器的设计*

利用ADS(Advanced Design System)软件设计、研究了一种新型的微带抽头式发夹型带通滤波器。该 滤波器工作在S 波段,相比较于传统的微带抽头式发夹型带通滤波器,该滤波器在信号的输入输出端各加入了一段 四分之一波长的开路微带线,很好地抑制了邻近的寄生通带,使滤波器具有了良好的阻带特性。同时在该滤波器的 谐振单元间并联了一段长度为λ / 2 的微带线,在该滤波器通带两侧增加了一对传输零点,使滤波器的选择性得到 了极大的优化。最后还对所设计的新型滤波器进行了实物加工和测试,测试结果和仿真结果吻合较好。     

Mixed Coupling on Stripline and Microstrip Bandpass Filters

The problems of designing stripline and microstrip bandpass filters with mixed coupling, including the magnetic and electric components of the interaction, are considered. It is shown that the transmission zeros corresponding to mixed coupling coefficients can be shifted along the frequency axis by changing the shape of the stepped-impedance resonators. It is confirmed that N-resonator planar filters can have (N–1) transmission zeros. Designs of microstrip filters with combined coupling, which include mixed coupling and the traditionally used magnetic and electric coupling, are proposed. It is shown that the number of transmission zeros of such filters is smaller than for filters with only mixed coupling, but their designing and tuning are less labor-consuming. The data of the experiment and computer simulation are presented.     

Microstrip multistage coupled ring bandpass filters using spur-linefilters for harmonic suppression

Bandpass filters based on microstrip coupled ring resonators including spur-line filters to suppress higher harmonics have been investigated. Two topologies based on placing spur-line filters into or out of the coupled rings have been considered and compared. A harmonic suppression ratio >30 dB in a flat bandpass filter centred at 2.44 GHz is obtained placing spur-line filters into and out of the microstrip coupled rings     

A novel dual-mode bandpass filter with wide stopband using the properties of microstrip open-loop resonator

A novel dual-mode microstrip square loop resonator is proposed using the slow-wave and dispersion features of the microstrip slow-wave open-loop resonator. It is shown that the designed and fabricated dual-mode microstrip filter has a wide stopband including the first spurious resonance frequency. Also, it has a size reduction of about 50% at the same center frequency, as compared with the dual-mode bandpass filters such as microstrip patch, cross-slotted patch, square loop, and ring resonator filter.     

Microstrip diplexers design with common resonator sections for compact size, but high isolation

High isolation and compact size microstrip diplexers designed with common resonator sections have been proposed. By exploiting the variable frequency response of the stepped-impedance resonator, resonators can be shared by the two filter channels of the desired diplexer if their fundamental and the first spurious resonant frequency are properly assigned. Size reduction are, therefore, achieved by introducing a few common resonator sections in the circuit. This concept has been verified by the experimental results of two diplexer circuits. One of the diplexers is composed of two three-pole parallel-coupled bandpass filters and the other is composed of two four-pole cross-coupled bandpass filters, which are formed by only five and six resonators, respectively. Both of them occupy extremely small areas while still keeping good isolations. Good agreements are also achieved between measurement and simulation.     

多次谐波抑制的微波滤波器

提出一种新型的具有多次谐波抑制功能的发夹型微波带通滤波器,主要工作在2GHz频率。对该滤波器通过仿真优化,并进行实际设计测量。在该结构滤波器中,采用阶跃阻抗结构的发夹谐振器来达到缩小尺寸、多次谐波的目的。该滤波器相比于传统的微带线发夹型滤波器具有尺寸小,频率选择性好,阻带宽的特点。     

Wideband Microstrip Ring Resonator Bandpass Filters Under Multiple Resonances

A new class of wideband microstrip bandpass filters is proposed under multiple resonances of an asymmetric ring resonator. Two capacitive coupling elements are placed at two perpendicular positions of a squared ring, whereas a pair of open-circuited stubs is formed in the symmetrical plane of these two excited ports similar to a dual-mode ring filter in shape. By stretching the paired stubs close to one-eighth of a wavelength, the first two even-order resonances move down to be quasi-equally located at two sides of the first odd-order resonance, thus forming a triple-resonance ring resonator. As interdigital coupled lines are installed at two ports instead of lumped capacitors, two extra resonances can be moved into passband, thereby making up a quintuple-resonance ring resonator. To provide an insight into their operating mechanism, these ring resonators are characterized in terms of transmission line theory. Afterwards, various wideband microstrip ring resonator bandpass filters with one or two asymmetric ring resonators are optimally designed and fabricated. Simulated results are confirmed via experiment, showing good wideband filtering performance with widened/deepened upper stopband and sharpened rejection skirts outside the wide passband.     

耦合窗结构窄带LTCC滤波器设计

对各种类型的阶梯阻抗谐振器进行了分析和比较,λg/2型SIR谐振器最适合LTCC滤波器的设计;同时分析了耦合窗结构原理,多层LTCC滤波器适合采用这种耦合结构,可以大大缩小滤波器的体积;本文详细介绍通过多层孔径弱耦合、小型化发夹谐振器结构的LTCC多层窄带耦合窗滤波器设计方法,并进行该结构两种滤波器实物版图加工,实测结果与仿真结果比较吻合。该结构窄带滤波器结构小巧新颖,易于集成在小型化微波多芯片组件中使用。     

Compact Planar Quasi-Elliptic Function Filter With Inline Stepped-Impedance Resonators

Compact microstrip bandpass filters of orders N = 4,6, and 8 with quasi-elliptic function responses are synthesized with inline stepped-impedance resonators. The filters have enhanced transition responses since two transmission zeros are generated on both sides of the passband. Existence of these two zeros is investigated by formulating the Y-matrix of the equivalent circuit for the filter and taking adjacent and nonadjacent coupling into account. Some matrix elements Y_j,j+2 representing coupling between two nonadjacent resonators are shown to have the opposite signs in both the lower and upper sides of the center frequency. This property leads to creation of the two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. It is demonstrated that one more zero can be created in the rejection band by the tapped-line input/output scheme. Experimental circuits on substrates with epsiv_r = 2.2 and 10.2 are measured to validate the theory and design.