锰掺杂对(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3-LiNbO_3压电陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷制备工艺制备了(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3-LiNbO_3-xMnO_2压电陶瓷,分析了陶瓷样品的微观组织结构.实验结果表明,随MnO_2掺杂量的增多,陶瓷由四方相转变为正交相,晶粒的均匀性下降并生成K_3LiNb_6O_(17)相.研究了MnO_2不同掺杂量对陶瓷压电性能的影响.结果表明,随锰掺杂量的增加,材料逐渐变"硬",机电耦合系数k_p和压电常数d_(33)逐渐减小,同时Q_m逐渐增大;当MnO_2含量为0.8%(质量分数)时,陶瓷的机械品质因数达到最大,此时陶瓷的压电性能为:k_p=0.34,k_t=0.43,d_(33)=110pC/N,Q_m=401.3.     

PZT陶瓷/橡胶复合材料的压电性能

用PZT压电陶瓷粉末分散在无压电性的橡胶基体中制成压电复合材料。通过压电常数和介电常数测定、扫描电镜、介电谱等手段研究了有关因素对复合材料压电性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料的压电常数d₃₃随PZT体积含量φ和橡胶介电常数ε₁的增加而增大,随PZT介电常数ε₂的增加而减小,符合理论式 d₃₃=15φε₁d₃₃/(1-φ)(2+3φ)ε₂ 橡胶基体的极性基团、极性链节和交联健偶极的转向极化及分子链的柔性对复合材料的极化和压电常数有重要影响。橡胶的极性越大及分子链的柔性越高,则复合材料的压电常数d₃₃越高。      

(1-x)BaTiO_(3-x)Ag_(0.9)Li_(0.1)NbO_3系无铅压电陶瓷的相结构和电性能研究

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了(1-x)BaTiO_(3-x)Ag_(0.9)Li_(0.1)NbO_3(BT-xALN,0.005≤x≤0.04)系陶瓷,研究了ALN含量的变化对BT-xALN系陶瓷的显微结构、相结构和电性能的影响。结果表明,ALN的引入使陶瓷的晶粒尺寸有所减小。当x≤0.02时,BT-xALN陶瓷均形成了纯的钙钛矿相,表明ALN与BT形成了固溶体;当x=0.01~0.02时,陶瓷存在四方-伪立方相界。陶瓷的压电常数d33和介电常数εr随x增加均先增大后减小。d33在x=0.0075时达到最大值115pC/N,εr在x=0.025时达到最大值3 880;但剩余极化强度Pr随x增加逐渐降低。此外,掺入ALN后陶瓷的居里温度有所降低。     

(0.84-x)Na_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_3-0.16K_(0.5)Bi_(0.5)TiO_(3-x)SrTiO_3系无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能

采用固相法制备了Bi补偿的(0.84-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.16K0.5Bi0.5TiO3-x SrTiO3(简称NBTKBT-xST)无铅压电陶瓷,研究不同ST掺量对体系陶瓷的结构与电性能的影响规律。结果表明,在掺杂范围内(0≤x≤0.06),材料均能形成单一的钙钛矿固溶体结构。随着x的增加,陶瓷晶体结构逐渐由三方相向四方相过渡,且该体系的三方-四方准同型相界(MPB)位于0.03≤x≤0.04。在此组成区域内,体系陶瓷的铁电与压电性能较好,其中x=0.04时,材料的电性能较好:压电常数d33=156 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数k p=0.29,相对介电常数εr=1116,介质损耗tanδ=4.1%,剩余极化强度P r=30.5μC/cm2,矫顽场E c=23.9 kV/cm。介电温谱和变温电滞回线表明体系陶瓷在T d以上可能存在极性相与非极性相共存。     

Ba,Sr掺杂对K0.47Na0.47Li0.06NbO3基无铅压电陶瓷结构、介电及压电性能的影响

采用传统的固态反应法制备了(K0.47Na0.47 Li0.06 )1-x(Ba0.5Sr0.5)xNbO3无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Ba,Sr掺杂对K0.47Na0.47Li0.06NbO3陶瓷的晶体结构、电畴结构、介电及压电性能的影响.随着Ba,Sr掺杂量的增加,陶瓷样品逐渐由正交相向四方相转变,同时居里温度(Tc)降低,剩余极化率(Pr)、矫顽场(Ec)、介电常数(εr)增加;压电常数(d33)、机电耦合系数(kp)先增加后减小.x=0.5％时陶瓷的压电常数d33达到221 pC/N,机电耦合系数kp为43.1％.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备锰掺杂 (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3无铅陶瓷的压电特性

用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了 (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 + x wt% Mn (x=0- 0.4)系列无铅压电陶 瓷.研究发现适量锰的掺杂可以有效地降低材料的介电常数和介电损耗,同时提高材料的退极化 温度,但过量锰的掺杂使得材料的压电特性变差.当锰的掺杂量为 0.1wt%时,陶瓷具有该系列最 大的压电常数( d33=175× 10- 12C/N)、最大的机电耦合系数 kt=56%, kp=26%)、较小的介电损耗 tgδ =2.7%,较高的退极化温度( Td=82℃).     

(1-x)K0.48Na0.52NbO3-xBi0.45Nd0.05(Na0.92Li0.08)0.5ZrO3无铅压电陶瓷相结构及压电性能

为了在获得较高压电性能的同时又不大大降低陶瓷的居里温度(T_C), 设计和制备了Bi_0.45Nd_0.05(Na_0.92Li_0.08)_0.5ZrO₃改性的K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃系无铅压电陶瓷((1-x)KNN-xBNNLZ), 研究了BNNLZ含量对KNN基无铅压电陶瓷相结构和电学性能的影响。研究结果表明, 所有陶瓷样品均具有较高的居里温度T_C(>300℃)。随着BNNLZ含量的增加, 陶瓷的正交-四方相变温度(T_O-T)不断向低温方向移动, 而三方-正交相变温度(T_R-O)不断向高温方向移动, 最终在陶瓷中形成了三方-四方(R-T)共存相, R-T共存相处于0.05<x<0.07范围。BNNLZ的加入引起陶瓷相结构的演化改变导致压电常数(d₃₃ )、介电常数(ε_r )、剩余极化强度 (P_r )和机电耦合系数(k_p )都先增大后减小, 当x=0.06时陶瓷具有最佳压电性能: d₃₃=313 pC/N, k_p=42%, P_r=25.48 μC/cm², ε_r=1353, tanδ=2.5%, T_C=327℃。     

Ta掺杂对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.02NaNbO3压电、介电性能的影响

在制备无铅压电陶瓷的前沿探索中首次研究了Ta掺杂对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-0.02NaNbO3系压电陶瓷的压电、介电性能的影响.研究表明,掺杂适量的Ta有利于提高其性能.当Ta掺杂量为0.4mol时,压电常数d33达到最大值114pC/N;相对介电常数εT33/ε0、机电耦合系数kp也达到最大值431和0.184;而介电损耗tgδ随Ta含量的增加变化不大.     

(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1-xSnx)O3无铅压电陶瓷的相结构与压电性能

钙锆共掺钛酸钡陶瓷(BCZT)具有优异的介电性能和压电性能, 是一类具有发展潜力的无铅压电陶瓷, 但其压电性能仍无法与铅基陶瓷媲美。为提高压电性能, 本研究对陶瓷材料进行Sn元素掺杂改性((Ba_0.85Ca_0.15)- (Ti_0.9Zr_0.1-xSn_x)O₃, x=0.02~0.07))。晶体结构分析证实所有组分的陶瓷无杂相, 处于正交相与四方相两相共存状态, 并具有较大的c/a; 显微结构分析发现所有陶瓷都很致密, 且平均晶粒尺寸随着Sn含量的增加而增大。当x=0.04时, 陶瓷最致密, 且室温处于准同型相界附近, 因此拥有最佳的电学性能: d₃₃=590 pC•N ^-1, k_p=52.2%, tanδ=0.016, ε ^T₃₃=5372, d ^*₃₃=734 pm•V ^-1, IR=57.8 GΩ•cm。本研究表明: Sn掺杂的BCZT基无铅压电陶瓷具有优异的压电性能, 有望在换能器、机电传感器和驱动器等方面得到应用。     

Ce~(3+)掺杂Na_(0.5)Bi_(8.5)Ti_7O_(27)铋层状陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用固相法制备了Ce~(3+)掺杂的Na_(0.5)Bi_(8.5–x)Ce_xTi_7O_(27)(NBT-BIT-x Ce,0≤x≤0.1)共生铋层状无铅压电陶瓷,研究了NBT-BIT-xCe陶瓷的结构和电学性能。研究结果表明所有陶瓷样品均为单一的铋层状结构,随Ce~(3+)掺杂量的增加,样品的畸变程度呈现上升趋势,同时陶瓷晶粒的平均尺寸不断减小,介温谱和差热分析结果表明样品的介电双峰均对应于陶瓷内部结构的铁电相变。Ce~(3+)掺杂可以显著减少陶瓷内部的氧空位浓度以及降低陶瓷的介电损耗,提升陶瓷的压电常数(d33),当x=0.06时,陶瓷的综合电性能最佳:压电常数(d_(33))达到27.5 pC/N,居里温度(TC)达到658.2℃,介电损耗(tanδ)为0.39%。     

Phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of (Bi/sub 1/2/Li/sub 1/2/)TiO/sub 3/-(Bi/sub 1/2/K/sub 1/2/)TiO/sub 3/ lead-free ferroelectric ceramics

The phase-transition temperatures and piezoelectric properties of x(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO_3-y(Bi_1/2Li_1/2)TiO_3-z(Bi_1/2K_1/2)TiO₃ [x + y + z = 1] (abbreviated as BNLKT100y-100z) ceramics were investigated. These ceramics were prepared using a conventional ceramic fabrication process. The phase-transition temperatures such as depolarization temperatures T_d, rhombohedral-tetragonal phase transition temperature T_R-T, and dielectric-maximum temperature T_m were determined using electrical measurements such as dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns of BNLKT100y-100z show the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between rhombohedral and tetragonal at approximately z = 0.20, and the piezoelectric properties show the maximum at the MPB. The electromechanical coupling factor &33, piezoelectric constant d₃₃ and T_d of BNLKT4-20 and BNLKT8-20 were 0.603, 176 pC/N, and 171degC, and 0.590, 190 pC/N, and 115degC, respectively. In addition, the relationship between d₃₃ and T_d of tetragonal side and rhombohedral side for BNLKT4-100z and BNLKT8-100z were presented. Considering both high T_d and high d₃₃, the tetragonal side of BNLKT4-100z is thought to be the superior composition. The d₃₃ and T_d of BNLKT4-28 were 135 pC/N and 218degC, respectively. Moreover, this study revealed that the variation of Td is related to the variation of lattice distortion such as rhombohedrality 90-alpha and tetragonality c/a.     

Fabrication of Lead-Free Piezoelectric (Na/sub 0.5/K/sub 0.5/)NbO/sub 3/Ceramics by a Modified Solid-State Reaction Method

Sodium potassium niobate, (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃, fine powder has been successfully synthesized at the low temperature of 550degC through a modified solid-state reaction method, in which urea [CO(NH₂)₂] plays an important role. High-density (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ ceramics could be obtained by conventional sintering of the synthesized (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ fine powder with the addition of 0.03 mol% Co₃O₄ as a sintering additive. The crystal structure, microstructure, and dielectric and piezoelectric properties were characterized. The (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ ceramic showed a comparatively saturated P-E hysteresis loop. The (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ ceramic also displayed piezoelectricity with a piezoelectric constant d₃₃ of 126 pC/N and a planar electromechanical coupling factor k_p of 33%.     

Piezoelectric properties in (K0.5Bi0.5)TiO 3-(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-BaTiO 3 lead-free ceramics

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with compositions around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) x(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO _3-y(K_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃-zBaTiO ₃ [x + y + z = 1; y:z = 2:1] were synthesized using conventional, solid-state processing. Dielectric maximum temperatures of 280degC and 262degC were found for tetragonal 0.79(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃-0.14(K_0.5 Bi_0.5)TiO₃-0.07BaTiO$ d3 (BNBK79) and MPB composition 0.88(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃-0.08(K _0.5Bi_0.5)TiO₃-0.04BaTiO$ d3 (BNBK88), with depolarization temperatures of 224degC and 162degC, respectively. Piezoelectric coefficients d₃₃ were found to be 135 pC/N and 170 pC/N for BNBK79 and BNBK88, and the piezoelectric d₃₁ was determined to be -37 pC/N and -51 pC/N, demonstrating strong anisotropy. Coercive field values were found to be 37 kV/cm and 29 kV/cm for BNBK79 and BNBK88, respectively. The remanent polarization of BNBK88 (~40 muC/cm²) was larger than that of BNBK79 (~29 muC/cm²). The piezoelectric, electromechanical, and high-field strain behaviors also were studied as a function of temperature and discussed     

1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备及性能

采用切割-浇注法, 以硫铝酸盐水泥为基体, 制备了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料。详细阐述了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备过程; 研究了0.375Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.375PbTiO₃-0.25PbZrO₃压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的压电性能、 介电性能和声阻抗的影响。结果表明: 压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料性能有很大影响, 随着w/t的增加, 其压电应变常数d₃₃、 机电耦合系数K_p与K_t、 机械品质因数Q_m、 介电常数ε_r和介电损耗tanδ均随着w/t的增加而减小, 而压电电压常数g₃₃值几乎不受w/t的影响。在压电陶瓷体积分数仅为22.72%的条件下, 调节压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t至0.130, 可使复合材料的声阻抗与混凝土的声阻抗十分接近, 从而有效地解决了智能材料在土木工程中的声阻抗相容性问题。      

Preparation and characterization of yBiGaO/sub 3/-(1-x-y)BiScOs/sub 3-x/PbTiO/sub 3/ piezoelectric ceramics

The ternary system of j/BiGaO₃-(1-x-y) BiScO₃-xPbTiO₃ (BGS-PT) ceramics was prepared by using conventional mixing oxide processing. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the BGS-PT ceramics showed the perovskite structure. The Curie temperature (T_C) of BGS-PT ceramics was found to increase with increasing BiGaO₃ content. However, a larger BiGaO₃ content led to sharply decreased piezoelectric properties, and the secondary phase was formed in the BGS-PT system. BGS-PT ceramics with x = 0.56, y = 0.19 showed a high Curie temperature T_C and a large piezoelectric constant d₃₃ of 501degC and 152 pC/N, respectively. The high T_C of BGS-PT ceramics with usable piezoelectric properties suggests future high-temperature applications.     

Microstructure and piezoelectric properties of (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with V2O5 addition

Various amounts of Nb₂O₅ in the (Na_0.5K_0.5) NbO₃ (NKN) ceramic were replaced by V₂O₅ to decrease its sintering temperature to below 950°C. A small V₂O₅ content resulted in a dense microstructure with an increased grain size for the specimen sintered at 900°C due to the presence of a liquid phase. When V₂O₅ was added to the NKN ceramics, their orthorhombic-to-tetragonal transition temperature increased from 178°C to around 200°C. However, their Curie temperature decreased from 402°C to around 330°C. The k_p, _ε3 ^T/_ε0, and Q_m values increased with V₂O₅ addition, probably due to the increased density and poling state, which was identified by the phase angle. The specimen with x = 0.05, sintered at 900°C for 8 h, exhibited the following piezoelectric properties: k_p = 0.32, _ε3 ^T/_ε0 = 245, d₃₃ = 120 (pC/N), and Q_m = 232.     

ZnO掺杂对Ca0.25(Li0.43Sm0.57)0.75TiO3陶瓷烧结性能和微波介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ca_0.25(Li_0.43Sm_0.57)_0.75TiO₃(CLST)微波介质陶瓷纳米粉体, 研究了ZnO掺杂量和烧结温度对CLST+ xmol% ZnO陶瓷烧结性能和微波介电性能的影响。XRD分析结果表明: 随着ZnO掺杂量x的增加, 陶瓷的晶体结构从正交相变为伪立方相, 并在x≥1.5的样品中出现了杂相。CLST+ xmol% ZnO陶瓷的致密化烧结温度随x的增加而降低, x=1.0的样品的致密化烧结温度比x=0的降低了200 ℃。介电常数ε_r和频率品质因数Qf 随x增加和烧结温度的升高具有最优值, 频率温度系数则单调降低。x=1.0的样品在1100 ℃烧结时具有优异的综合性能: ρ = 4.85 g/cm³, ε_r =102.8, Qf = 5424 GHz, τ_f = -8.2×10^-6/℃。表明ZnO掺杂的CLST陶瓷是一种很有发展潜力的微波介质陶瓷。     

Effect of CeO2 addition on structure and electrical properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.93Ba0.07TiO3 ceramics prepared by citric method

(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)_0.93Ba_0.07TiO₃ ceramics added with 0–0.8 wt.% CeO₂ were prepared by a citrate method, and the influence of the CeO₂ addition on the structure and electrical properties was investigated. The specimens containing various amounts of CeO₂ show the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, with the relative content of the tetragonal phases gradually enhancing with increasing amount of CeO₂. Compared with (Na_0.5Bi_0.5)_0.93Ba_0.07TiO₃, the specimen added with a small amount of CeO₂ (≤0.2 wt.%) display a slightly improved electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) and piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) in conjunction with a reduced dielectric loss (tg δ) and an enhanced mechanical quality factor (Q_m), while higher CeO₂ amounts led to a rapid deterioration of the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. The variation of the electrical properties with the CeO₂ addition was tentatively interpreted with respect to doping effect, crystal-structural evolution and stability of ferroelectric domains.     

Effect of MnO addition on structure and electrical properties of (Na0.5Bi0.5)0.94Ba0.06TiO3 ceramics prepared by citrate method

(Na_0.5Bi_0.5)_0.94Ba_0.06TiO₃ ceramics added with 0–0.8 wt.% MnO were prepared by a citrate method, and the influence of the MnO addition on the structure and electrical properties was investigated. The results indicate that the addition of small amounts of MnO did not cause a remarkable change in crystal structure, but resulted in an evident evolution in microstructure. The dielectric constant (_r) and piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) significantly decrease with increasing MnO content, while the electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) presents a slight variation in the range of 0.25–0.28. The dissipation factor (tan δ) and mechanical quality factor (Q_m) attain a minimum value of 1.5% and a maximum value of 304 when adding 0.4 and 0.5 wt.% MnO, respectively. This research demonstrates that doping effect and microstructural evolution contribute cooperatively to the electrical properties of the ceramics.