平面S波在非饱和土自由边界上的反射问题研究

运用非饱和孔隙介质理论阐述了弹性波在非饱和土中的传播特性,分析了平面S波在非饱和土层自由边界上的反射问题。根据边界条件,分别导出了在非饱和土自由边界上的四种反射波：反射P1波、反射P2波、反射P3波及反射S波的振幅反射率及能量反射率的理论表达式,并在此基础上进行了数值计算。算例中讨论了四种反射波的振幅反射率及能量反射率受平面S波入射角度及土层饱和度变化的影响情况。计算结果表明：各反射波的振幅反射率及能量反射率不仅与入射角有关,也受到饱和度变化的影响,这些结论对土动力学的理论研究以及相关工程地震勘探具有一定指导意义。     

S波由饱和土入射于弹性土时在界面上的反射与透射

从地震工程实际出发，借助Biot多孔介质中的波动方程，根据各种界面条件导出了S波从饱和土入射于弹性土时在交界面上反射与透射的一般计算公式。作为算例，数值计算分析了S波从饱和土入射于饱和土与弹性土交界面时，饱和土中P1、P2和S波的反射系数以及弹性土中P波、SV射系数与界面排水条件、入射角以及频率之间的关系。结果表明：各种波的反射、透射系数与入射角、入射频率以及界面排水条件有关系。     

非饱和土地基中P1波通过复合多层波阻板的传播特性研究

基于弹性波在非饱和多孔介质与单相弹性介质中的传播理论,考虑在非饱和土地基中设置一定厚度的复合多层波阻板(复合多层波阻板以3层为例),利用Helmholtz矢量分解定理,推导了非饱和土地基中P₁波通过复合多层波阻板的透射、反射振幅比的解析解。通过数值算例分析了层间波阻板剪切模量和密度等物理、力学参数对非饱和土地基中P₁波通过复合多层波阻板时传播特性的影响规律。结果表明：复合多层波阻板中层间波阻板材料的剪切模量对透、反射系数影响显著,层间波阻板材料的密度对透、反射系数影响较小。故严格控制层间波阻板的剪切模量可以获得很好的隔振效果,这为复合多层波阻板在地基振动控制领域中的应用提供理论指导。     

快压缩P1波在饱和冻土与弹性基岩分界面上的能量传输特性

基于弹性波在冻结饱和多孔介质与单相弹性介质中的传播理论,选取了饱和冻土中传播速度最大的快压缩P₁波入射在饱和冻土与弹性基岩分界面上的能量传输问题。根据分界面上的边界条件,推导出了快压缩P₁波从饱和冻土介质入射到弹性基岩分界面上透反射振幅比和能量率的解析表达式。研究了快压缩P₁波入射在饱和冻土与弹性基岩分界面上的能量与入射角度,入射频率,温度(含冰量),孔隙率,胶结参数以及接触参数的关系。研究结果表明：当入射角度为0°时仅存在压缩波,达到临界角后透射P波消失;各种波在达到临界角时出现不同程度的脉冲,其中反射P₁波最为显著;随着胶结参数,孔隙率,接触参数的增大,临界角越早出现;入射频率仅对反射P₂,P₃和S₂波的能量反射率影响较大;当温度和含冰量较低或较高时,均不利于反射S₂波的能量产生。     

平面P1波入射下饱和度对深埋圆形衬砌动应力集中因子的影响

准饱和土是天然土体中比较常见的一种形式,与饱和土相同,其内可传播三种体波:剪切波、快压缩波(P1波)和慢压缩波(P2波)。忽略土颗粒的压缩性,考虑孔隙流体的压缩性以及孔隙流体与土骨架之间的粘性耦合作用,采用修正的B iot模型,运用波函数展开法研究了平面P1波入射时,准饱和土体内深埋圆形衬砌的散射问题,通过数值计算模拟并分析了衬砌的动应力集中问题,结果表明:不论入射频率为低频(100Hz)还是高频(500Hz),对于相同的衬砌,当土体为准饱和时,动应力集中因子沿周向分布曲线的形状和数值基本保持不变;但土体为完全饱和时,虽然饱和度发生了微小的变化(比99%只提高了1%),但动应力集中因子的值却大幅度地降低,其沿周向分布曲线的形状也发生了显著的变化,在工程设计中应重视饱和度对圆形衬砌动应力集中因子的影响。     

横观各向同性饱和土体的实用波动方程

假定饱和土体土骨架及渗透系数具有横观各向同性，土颗粒不可压缩，建立了横观各向同性饱和土体实用波动方程，推导出横观各向同性饱和土体平面简谐波的波速弥散方程，结果显示横观各向同性饱和土体存在四个体波，其中一个为ＳＨ波，其余三个当波沿水平面或垂直水平面传播时，才分别是ＳＶ波、Ｐ１波和Ｐ２波。最后，用数值方法分析了ＳＨ波、ＳＶ波、Ｐ１波和Ｐ２波沿水平面和垂直面传播时的波速弥散曲线与特征衰减曲线，以及各个弹性波沿与水平面成４５°方向传播时的波速弥散曲线。     

高饱和度饱和土中结构对爆炸波反射规律的实验研究

介绍了高饱和度饱和土介质中结构和刚性边界反射爆炸波试验的背景，目的和方法。给出了爆炸载荷作用下饱和土中模型结构表面和刚性边界压力和动量的实测波形，并对实验结果进行了分析，得到了爆炸波在结构和刚性边界上的反射规律和反射系数。结构上的压力反射系数在0.4-1.4之间，刚性边界上的压力反射系数在1.0-2.0之间。     

和土体中线弹性连续屏障的隔振分析

基于Biot波动理论,推导了饱和土中S波入射线弹性固体连续屏障时反射P1波、P2波、S波的反射系数与透射S波、P波的透射系数的解析解。进行算例分析,得出各反射透射系数与线弹性固体连续屏障密度、泊松比及弹性模量的关系。结果表明：线弹性固体隔振结构密度对P1波和P2波反射系数基本无影响;而随着线弹性固体隔振结构密度的增大,S波的反射和透射系数及P波的透射系数均逐渐减小,且渐趋稳定;线弹性固体连续屏障泊松比和弹性模量的变化对P1波P2波反射系数及P波透射系数基本无影响,而对S波的反射系数和透射系数影响较大,S波的反射系数随着线弹性固体连续屏障的泊松比和弹性模量的增大而增高,S波的透射系数随着泊松比的增大而减小,随着弹性模量的增大而增大。     

梯度非均匀非饱和土中体波传播特性研究EI北大核心CSCD

基于非饱和多孔介质中波的传播理论,根据Helmholtz矢量分解原理,考虑非饱和土介质的非均匀性,假设土介质物理力学特性沿深度方向按幂函数变化,采用回传射线矩阵法,建立了梯度非均匀非饱和土中体波波动问题的弥散方程。研究了梯度因子即土体非均匀性对非饱和土中体波传播特性的影响规律。结果表明:P_(1)、P_(2)波和S波的波速随着梯度因子的增大而显著增大,而P_(3)波的波速受梯度因子的影响较小;P_(2)波和P_(3)波的衰减系数随梯度因子的增大而减小,而P_(1)波和S波的衰减系数仅在高频时随着梯度因子的增大而明显增大。P_(2)波和P_(3)波的波速随频率的增大而明显增大,P_(1)波和S波的波速仅在高频时随频率的增大缓慢增大;P_(2)波和P_(3)波的衰减系数随着频率的增大而非线性增大,而P_(1)波和S波的衰减系数仅在高频时随频率的增大而增大。非饱和土体的非均匀性对体波的波速和衰减系数均有显著影响,随着深度的增大,土体非均匀性对波速和衰减系数的影响逐渐减小。     

饱和土中爆炸应力波传播特性研究

在饱和土地层中建设了大量的工程项目,由于安全和防卫的需要,这些重要的工程必须考虑爆炸应力波荷载的作用,研究饱和土中爆炸应力波传播特性有着重要的意义.基于应力波传播理论,初步分析了爆炸荷载作用下饱和土介质的变形特性、压缩特性和强度特性;采用有效应力动力分析方法,推导了爆炸应力波在饱和土介质中传播的有效应力运动方程.研究结果可以为饱和土介质中建筑设施的抗爆安全评估提供理论依据.     

Wave reflection in a rotating pyroelectric half-plane

This paper describes the rotation effects on the wave reflection in a pyroelectric half-plane using an inhomogeneous wave approach. The rotation in the governing pyroelectric equation is characterized by considering the Coriolis and centrifugal accelerations. A scenario is modeled where a quasi-transverse wave is incident on the free boundary surface, resulting in reflected waves like temperature wave, quasi-transverse wave, quasi-longitudinal wave, and surface wave. Rotation’s effects on the reflection angle, velocity, attenuation, and energy coefficients of the reflected wave are presented.     

考虑淤砂层的理想流体层中悬浮隧道管体动力水荷载研究—SV波

为研究地震SV波对复杂海水环境中悬浮隧道管体动力水荷载的影响，考虑海洋沉积淤砂层的作用构建理论分析模型。根据不同介质材料的波动方程和位移势函数，结合地震SV波传播过程中的边界条件，基于MATLAB推导并求解了不同交界面处地震SV波的透射和反射系数理论方程。通过数值算例，分析了淤砂层饱和程度、入射波角度和锚索布置形式等参数对悬浮隧道管体动力水荷载的影响。计算结果表明:悬浮隧道结构在非饱和淤砂层体系中，相比在饱和淤砂层体系中承受更大动力水荷载的影响；较厚淤砂层对悬浮隧道在地震SV波作用下更为有利；增加锚索支撑刚度和减小锚索布置间距，能够降低地震SV波对悬浮隧道动力水荷载的影响。     

Reflection of plane waves in thermo-diffusion elasticity without dissipation under the effect of rotation

The governing equations of rotating thermoelastic solids with diffusion are solved in context of the Green–Naghdi theory (Type II) to show the numerical existence of four coupled plane waves. The required boundary conditions at the stress free and thermally insulated surface of the model are satisfied to obtain the reflection coefficients of various reflected waves for an incident plane wave. These coefficients are found to depend on rotation parameter, the angle of incidence of striking waves, thermo-diffusion parameters, and other material constants. Complex absolute values of speeds and reflection coefficients are computed for a particular material representing the model. Graphical representation of numerical results show the effects of rotation and diffusion on speed and reflection coefficients of plane waves.     

Acoustic reflection from the boundary of anisotropic thermoviscoelastic solid with fluid

Vertical slownesses of waves at a boundary of an anisotropic thermoviscoelastic medium are calculated as roots of a polynomial equation of degree eight. Out of the corresponding eight waves, the four, which travel towards the boundary are identified as upgoing waves. Remaining four waves travel away from the boundary and are termed as downgoing waves. Reflection and refraction of plane harmonic acoustic waves are studied at a plane boundary between anisotropic thermoviscoelastic solid and a non-viscous fluid. At this fluid-solid interface, an incident acoustic wave through the fluid reflects back as an attenuated acoustic wave and refracts as four attenuating waves into the anisotropic base. Slowness vectors of all the waves in two media differ only in vertical components. Complex values of vertical slowness define inhomogeneous refracted waves with a fixed direction of attenuation, i.e. perpendicular to the interface. Energy partition is calculated at the interface to find energy shares of reflected and refracted waves. A part of incident energy dissipates due to interaction among the attenuated refracted waves. Numerical examples are considered to study the variations in energy shares with the direction of incident wave. For each incidence, the conservation of incident energy is verified in the presence of interaction energy. Energy partition at the interface seems to be changing very slightly with the azimuthal variations of the incident direction. Effects of anisotropy, elastic relaxation and thermal parameters on the variations in energy partition are discussed. The acoustic wave reflected from isothermal interface is much significant for incidence around some critical directions, which are analogous to the critical angles in a non-dissipative medium. The changes in thermal relaxation times and uniform temperature of the thermoviscoelastic medium do not show any significant effect on the reflected energy.     

The laws of plane defect wave propagation across the interface between two viscoplastic media

Relations determining the laws of reflection and refraction of a plane wave in the defect field at an interface between two viscoplastic media are obtained based on the dynamic equations of the continuum theory of defects. The reflection and transmission coefficients relating the amplitudes of reflected and transmitted waves to the incident wave amplitude are determined. The obtained relations are applied to a particular case of media with weakly decaying waves.     

Internal Reflection in Uniaxial Crystals,III: Transmission and Reflection Coefficients for an Extraordinary Incident Wave

Abstract

The boundary conditions have been solved and the reflection and transmission coefficients calculated for an interface between a uniaxial crystal and an isotropic medium when the incident wave is extraordinary. The existence of a pseudo-Brewster angle for each reflected wave has been verified, and the polarizations of the reflected refracted waves have been determined.     

Reflection of piezothermoelastic waves from the charge and stress free boundary of a transversely isotropic half space

The present paper concentrates on the study of propagation and reflection characteristics of waves from the stress free, thermally insulated/isothermal boundary of a piezothermoelastic half space. The non-classical (generalized) theories of linear piezo-thermoelasticity have been employed to investigate the problem. In the two-dimensional model of the transversely isotropic piezothermoelastic medium, there are three types of plane waves quasi-longitudinal (QL), quasi-transverse (QT) and thermal wave (T-mode), whose velocities depend on the angle of incidence and frequency. These waves are dispersive in character and are also affected by piezoelectric as well as pyroelectric properties of the materials. The low and high frequency approximations for the speeds of propagation and the attenuation coefficients of these waves have been obtained. The quasi-longitudinal (QL), quasi-transverse (QT) and thermal wave (T-mode) incident cases at the stress free, thermally insulated or isothermal open circuit boundary of a transversely isotropic piezothermoelastic half space are considered to discuss the reflection characteristics of various waves. The amplitude ratios of reflected waves to that of incident one in each case have been obtained. The special cases of normal and grazing incidence are also derived and discussed. Finally, the numerical computations of reflection coefficients are carried out for cadmium Selenide (CdSe) material by using Gauss elimination procedure. In addition the phase velocities and attenuation coefficients are also computed along various directions of wave propagation. The obtained results in each case are presented graphically.