路桥过渡段台背路堤差异沉降的模拟分析

针对高等级公路路桥过渡段易出现桥头跳车病害的现状,结合河南省济焦新高速公路工程实体,采用4种不同的搭板和填筑方式分析它们对减少路桥过渡段桥头跳车的效果。应用快速拉格朗日有限差分计算程序FLAC软件,对桥台台背路堤填土变形及力学特性进行数值模拟分析。结果表明:不同的搭板方式和填筑材料均影响桥台台背处路堤差异沉降大小和沉降速率;在4种搭板方式中,二次搭板 填筑砾石方式对降低台背路堤差异沉降的效果最好。     

交通荷载作用下低填道路软土地基的动力响应分析

为了揭示交通荷载对低填道路下卧软土地基的动力影响规律,对软土地基的动孔隙水压力进行了现场测试,分析了不同上部路堤厚度和行车速度工况下地基孔隙水压力的分布规律,并据此借助数值模拟对长期交通荷载作用下软土地基的附加沉降进行计算分析.结果表明:上部路堤结构对交通荷载的动力激励具有消减作用,填筑厚度越小,下卧软土地基的动力响应越明显,且随着深度的增加动孔隙水压力呈衰减趋势,长期交通荷载作用下软土地基的附加沉降呈近似指数型非线性增长.     

EPS在桥台台背软土路基处理中的应用研究

结合某大桥北引桥桥台台背软基路段EPS路堤的实际应用,介绍了EPS路堤的设计及填筑方案,并对EPS路堤的施工期和工后实施沉降监测.通过分析沉降监测的相关数据,论证了EPS材料可以通过减轻路堤自重、降低软基的附加应力、减小路基的沉降等方式,来有效地防止桥头跳车现象的发生,并且EPS路堤能够减小路堤对桥台台背的侧压力,改善桥台的受力状态,提高路堤与桥台整体的稳定性.     

交通荷载引起的软土地基累积沉降计算方法研究

软土地基在交通荷载下的沉降计算和稳定性保证,是修建低路堤公路的重要环节,而科学的计算方法是其前提和基础.文章以新河（青潍界）至辛庄子高速公路寿光段为例,通过利用循环荷载作用下软粘土不排水累计变形模型-Chai-Miura模型,结合利用Flac3D有限差分程序计算地基中的动、静应力,对软土地基的累计沉降进行了计算.结果表明:对修建在软土地基上的低路堤,反复的交通荷载引起的累计沉降很大,同时变形随深度衰减很快,当深度大于8m后,变形与地表的相比小得多;路基沉降速率与运行时间关系较大,且随时间非线性增长,其中累积沉降及总沉降在通车初期累计沉降发展较快,且累积沉降远大于固结沉降,占总沉降的90％多.     

桥头搭板的受力计算

桥头设置搭板的目的是为实现刚柔过渡。在填土材料和施工压实度确定后,总沉降量只与填土高度有关,因此,桥头搭板的长度不应以构造物的规模为依据。搭板一般两端分别置于台后牛腿和枕梁上,由弹性地基理论,将搭板视为弹性地基上的简支板,推导出在集中荷载以及均布荷载作用下搭板的位移和内力计算公式。以单位板宽进行计算时,将汽车荷载视为集中力,板的自重以及铺装视为均布荷载,由公式计算出单位板宽的内力,从而对搭板进行配     

交通荷载作用下软土地基的累积沉降分析

针对交通荷载作用下软土地基的累计沉降问题,提出采用土体刚度衰减修正公式计算累计塑形变形的方法.基于饱和软土循环三轴试验数据,建立刚度衰减系数与循环次数间的关系.对有限元软件ABAQUS进行二次开发,将刚度衰减模型嵌入到有限元分析程序中去,再通过数值分析计算出任意循环周数后土体的累积塑性变形.采用该方法对交通荷载作用下典型上海软土地基的累积沉降进行预测.计算结果表明,路面结构层的存在有助于减小软土地基的沉降,交通荷载所引起的沉降主要发生在软土地基的浅层,并且随着深度的增加而迅速减小.     

软土地基路堤施工中的动态沉降计算方法

在软土地基路堤填筑施工过程中，动态沉降计算方法可根据地基土层在路堤填筑过程中的物理力学特性的变化，逐步调整相应的计算参数，对地基沉降进行动态计算，从而对地基沉降量进行动态预测，用以控制填筑速率，并采取有效的措施确保路基的稳定性和满足工后沉降量的要求。     

刚柔性桩复合地基加固双层软弱地基现场试验研究

为研究路堤荷载下刚柔性桩对深厚双层软弱地基的加固效果及其桩土荷载传递规律,结合连云港港某铁路软基处理工程,采用带帽预制方桩和带扩大头的双向搅拌粉喷桩联合加固,对路堤填筑过程及预压期内地表沉降、桩土差异沉降、深层水平位移、超静孔隙水压力、桩土应力比以及桩土荷载分担的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明：载荷试验中复合地基桩土应力比随外荷载增加而增加;地基变形发生在填土期,预压期内沉降变形继续并逐渐趋于稳定;填土荷载向刚性桩及搅拌桩桩顶集中,刚性桩桩顶应力增长较快;面积置换率为22.2%的预制方桩（含桩帽）承担了56.2%的荷载,但其承载力只发挥了不到18%;面积置换率和土质条件是桩土荷载分担比的主要影响因素。     

公路桥头跳车因为分析与防治措施

桥头跳车是公路及市政工程中常见的病害.文中分析了诸多桥头跳车病害的成因,阐述了几种常用处理桥台与路堤不均匀沉降的方法.及加强有效防治桥头跳车病害的防治措施.     

公路桥(涵)过渡段结构的施工管理与控制

结合高等级公路桥(涵)过渡段结构的施工实际,分析保证路桥过渡段结构的地基条件与路基条件,通过加强路桥过渡段结构的变形控制施工、加强路桥过渡段的施工组织设计、加强台背路堤填筑前的排水施工、加强软基路堤沉降监测和加强施工质量控制等措施,减少因施工方面的原因而加重桥头跳车的现象,对高等级公路桥(涵)过渡段结构的设计、施工与管理具有指导意义. 更多还原     

水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石路用性能的试验研究

目的解决道路基层存在水泥稳定类材料易产生裂缝、二灰稳定类材料存在早期强度不足的问题.方法采用水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石作为路面基层材料,对水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石进行配合比设计以及通过系统的室内试验研究分别对水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石、石灰低活性粉煤灰碎石、水泥稳定碎石的物理力学性能进行分析与评定.结果试验结果表明,水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石的早期强度远远大于石灰低活性粉煤灰碎石的强度,接近于水泥碎石的强度.水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石的早期干缩应变比石灰低活性粉煤灰碎石、水泥碎石小,后期干缩应变比石灰低活性粉煤灰碎石、水泥稳定碎石要大.结论试验所用水泥低活性粉煤灰碎石材料不仅早期强度高,而且抗裂性能较好,可广泛应用于沈阳地区.     

低活性粉煤灰路用性能的试验

目的为将低活性粉煤灰材料应用于公路建设中,缓解目前砂石料紧缺和解决由于粉煤灰大量堆放引起的环境污染等问题.方法针对沈海电厂排放的粉煤灰进行了系统的室内试验研究,分析该材料基本物理力学性质和化学成份、提高早期强度的方法、强度增长规律、混合料抗冲刷性能以及抗冻性能等路用性能.结果加入早强剂的低活性粉煤灰应用于二级及二级以下道路基层和底基层建设中,路用性能满足规范要求.结论只要科学地选用添加剂激发低活性粉煤灰的活性,合理地使用该种材料,将之应用于公路建设当中是可行的.     

高掺量粉煤灰矿渣水泥胶凝材料水化物相的研究

采用工业废渣粉煤灰和矿渣为主要原料,通过掺加适当比例的自制复合活性激发剂,配制手研究高掺量粉煤灰矿渣水泥胶材料。运用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和差热分析（DTA）等手段研究了胶凝材料的水化物相。结果表明,自制复合激发剂活性材料具有良好的活性激发作用。     

高掺量粉煤灰矿渣水泥胶凝材料水化物相的研究

采用工业废渣粉煤灰和矿渣为主要原料 ,通过掺加适当比例的自制复合活性激发剂 ,配制和研究高掺量粉煤灰矿渣水泥胶凝材料。运用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM )、X射线衍射 (XRD)和差热分析 (DTA)等手段研究了胶凝材料的水化物相。结果表明 ,自制复合激发剂对活性材料具有良好的活性激发作用     

LOW TEMPERATURE SINTERING OF FLY-ASH CERAMICS AND ITS MICROSTRUCTURE

In this paper, the fly-ash ceramics with prior physical properties was fabricated in a low sintering temperature range. XRD, SEM were used to study the microstructure and sintering mechanism. The results show that in this fly-ash ceramics,three kinds of matter form its structure frame such as the glass pearls from the fly-ash raw materials, quartz and mullite in which glass liquid phase was produced during sintering. And the sintering mechanism is that of liquid sintering.     

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Properties of Paste-like Fill Material

The experiments, which include the complete stress-strain curves, triaxial compressive loading history and the main factors affecting the compressive strength of the material, were made to research the mechanical properties of paste-like fill material. The results show that the material still has a relatively high load-bearing capacity after yielding. From the view of the backfill strength, the suitable content of the fine particles in the aggregates is 20%, the curing temperature of backfill slurry is about 20 centigrade degrees or higher. The backfill strength can reach 2.5-3.6 MPa when the binder dosage is 5%-8%. It can meet the needs for mining with backfill.     

Effects of water content,water type and temperature on the rheological behaviour of slag-cement and fly ash-cement paste backfill

The pumping ability and placement performance of fresh cemented paste backfill(CPB) in underground mined cavities depend on its rheological properties. Hence, it is crucial to understand the rheology of fresh CPB slurry, which is related to CPB mixture design and the temperature underground. This paper presented an experimental study investigating the effects of binder type, content, water chemical properties and content, and temperature, on the rheological properties of CPB material prepared using the tailings of a copper mine in South Australia. Portland cement(PC), a newly released commercially manufactured cement called Minecem(MC) and fly ash(FA) were used as the binders added to the mine tailing materials. Various amounts of two different water types were added to the mixtures in the preparation of backfill material slurry. Six different temperatures ranging from 5 to 60 °C were to investigate the effect of temperature on CPB rheology. Overall, the increasing water content and decreasing temperature lead to lower yield stress. Based on the results obtained from the rheological properties of CPB slurry, it was found that at room temperature(25 °C), with regards to the unconfined compressive strength(UCS) performance, the replacement of 4% PC mixed CPB(28 days UCS 425 k Pa) to 3% MC mixed CPB(28 days UCS 519 k Pa), reduced the slurry yield stress from 210.7 to 178.5 Pa. The results also showed that the chemical composition of water affects the yield stress of CPB slurry and that MC mitigates the negative effect of mine-processed water(MW) and thus lead to improve the rheological properties of the slurry. However, the results suggested that the rheological properties of a mixture using MC is very sensitive to the water volume and temperature change. Therefore, using MC in backfill requires better quality control in slump mixing.     

Numerical investigation into the effect of backfilling on coal pillar strength in highwall mining

This paper attempts to quantify the effect of backfilling on pillar strength in highwall mining using numerical modelling. Calibration against the new empirical strength formula for highwall mining was conducted to obtain the material parameters used in the numerical modelling. With the obtained coal strength parameters, three sets of backfill properties were investigated. The results reveal that the behavior of pillars varies with the type and amount of backfill as well as the pillar width to mining height ratio(w/h). In case of cohesive backfill, generally 75% backfill shows a significant increase in peak strength, and the increase in peak strength is more pronounced for the pillars having lower w/h ratios. In case of noncohesive backfill, the changes in both the peak and residual strengths with up to 92% backfill are negligible while the residual strength constantly increases after reaching the peak strength only when 100%backfill is placed. Based on the modelling results, different backfilling strategies should be considered on a case by case basis depending on the type of backfill available and desired pillar dimension.     

中高碳低合金钢球磨机衬板的研制

ZG60CrMnMoR_E钢是一种新型耐磨材料,用于制作球磨机的衬板。本文对这种材料的合金设计、机械性能、耐磨性对比试验、淬透性及“C”曲线做了介绍,并指出其生产工艺要点及工业性试验结果。这种材料的性能明显优于国内同类材料。     

粉煤灰预处理及其应用

提出了通过预处理提高粉煤灰活性的新方法．通过实验研究确定出粉煤灰预处理的最佳工艺参数,并对预处理粉煤灰水泥的各种性能进行检验,证明预处理方法对于激发粉煤灰活性是有效的．