脱氟磷酸钙的中试生产研究

脱氟磷酸钙（简称ＤＦＰ,又称磷酸三钙）是饲料磷酸盐的重要品种。目前,我国这一产品尚属空白,饲料工业使用的主要是磷酸氢钙（ＤＣＰ）和少量的磷酸二氢钙（ＭＣＰ）。ＤＦＰ的生产与ＤＣＰ和ＭＣＰ相比,有工艺简单、原料消耗少、生产成本低等优点,但其生产难度较大。国内一些院所曾多次报道制造ＤＦＰ的方法,但到目前为止尚未见到有关批量生产的报道。早在１９９１年,哈尔滨市饲料科学研究所在对独联体贸易中,曾进口脱氟磷酸钙１万余吨,并对其产品性能进行系统的饲喂试验,结果证明它是一种高效的饲用磷酸盐。１９９４年以来,由…     

PVC/PVDF/CPE共混体系研究

以ＣＰＥ作为ＰＶＣ／ＰＶＤＦ的增容剂,研究了ＰＶＣ／ＰＶＤＦ／ＣＰＥ三元共混新体系。对不同组成的共混物的物理机械性能进行测试,分析了讨论了ＰＶＤＦ／ＣＰＥ的增韧效果和机理。结果表明：ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ／ＰＶＤＦ共混体系有明显的增容作用,ＰＶＤＦ／ＣＰＥ并用对增韧ＰＶＣ有显著的协同效应。     

PAN基高模量炭纤维的制备及其性能的研究

本文采用高温热处理法制备ＰＡＮ基高模量炭纤维（ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ）。着重研究了最高热处理温度和升温速率对ＰＡＮ基炭纤维（ＰＡＮＣＦ）宏观性能和微观结构的影响。实验结果表明：采用密闭式真空感应石墨化炉能够制备ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ（抗拉模量＞４００ＧＰａ，抗拉强度≥２．５０ＧＰａ）；随着最高热处理温度的升高，ＰＡＮＣＦ的抗拉模量显著提高；欲制备ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ（抗拉模量＞４００ＧＰａ），可以采用高温热处理法，最高热处理温度要在３０００℃左右；ＰＡＮＣＦ的抗拉强度随最高热处理温度的升高而降低；在一定范围内，加快升温速率可以改善ＰＡＮＨＭＣＦ的抗拉强度。本文还对ＰＡＮＣＦ的抗拉模量、抗拉强度和电阻率等性能变化的原因进行了讨论。     

PVDF/炭黑导电复合材料的PTC性能研究

研究炭黑种类和用量及ＰＶＤＦ种类对ＰＶＤＦ／炭黑导电复合材料ＰＴＣ特性的影响。结果表明,大粒径、比表面积小的Ｎ７６５炭黑填充导电复合材料的ＰＴＣ性能较好,出现ＰＴＣ现象的炭黑用量范围大;随着ＰＶＤＦ分子量的增大,ＰＶＤＦ／Ｎ７６５炭黑导电复合材料出现最大ＰＴＣ强度的炭黑用量减少,最大ＰＴＣ强度也随之增大。     

FDP钙盐的制备与结构分析

以ＦＤＰ、ＣａＣＯ３和ＣａＣｌ２为原料、用酒精作为结晶析出剂制备ＦＤＰ钙盐。考察了影响结晶的条件，得到了制备ＦＤＰ钙盐的最佳工艺条件。通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振等手段，对产物结构进行了分析。     

粉煤灰填充PVC树脂的研究

采用ＷＡＸＤ、ＳＥＭ和力学测试等方法对不同粒度和不同含量的粉煤灰（ＰＦＡ）与聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）共混物的结构形态、力学性能进行了测定。结果表明，ＰＦＡ粒度对ＰＶＣ／ＰＦＡ共混物的性能具有明显影响，当ＰＦＡ粒度尺寸达到一定程度时，再降低ＰＦＡ粒度尺寸对共混物的性能影响不大。随着ＰＶＣ／ＰＦＡ共混物中ＰＦＡ含量的增加，拉伸强度和拉伸模量增大，但伸长率降低。     

FPE和PVC的相互作用及其对PVC/CPE/FPE合金性能和形态结构的影响

用ＦＴＩＲ光谱证实了ＰＶＣ与ＰＥ８ＤＢＭ（简称ＦＰＥ）之间存在着氢键和偶极偶极的作用,其中以氢键作用为主。测定了ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＰＥ和ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ／ＦＰＥ合金的力学性能,用ＤＳＣ、相衬显微镜及ＳＥＭ表征了这两个体系的微观形态结构,研究了共混物中异种分子间的相互作用对合金性能与形态结构的影响     

聚酯流变性能的研究

使用Ｉｎｓｔｒｏｎ３２１０型毛细管流变仪在２７０～２９５℃和切变速率为６０～１．８×１０５秒－１条件下，测定４种进口牌号ＰＥＴ树脂和上海石化总厂涤纶一厂ＰＥＴ树脂的流变性能．ＰＥＴ树脂在２７０～２９５℃的粘流活化能为４１．９～５８．７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，研究了不同牌号ＰＥＴ的熔体粘度与重均分子量的关系，还研究了阳离子染料可染改性聚酯（ＣＤＰＥＴ）的流变性能，探明了ＣＤＰＥＴ中第三单体──ＳＰＰＭ和ＤＥＧ含量对ＣＤＰＥＴ流变性能的影响．为确定上述ＰＥＴ树脂的纺丝工艺条件提供必要的流变性能数据．     

LDPE通信电缆绝缘料综合技术性能研究

在相同试验条件下，对国产ＣＡ１８０ＬＤＰＥ绝缘料和日本ＵＢＥＣ１８０ＬＤＰＥ绝缘料的综合技术性能进行对比试验，并对试验结果进行了分析和讨论．对比试验结果表明，国产ＣＡ１８０ＬＤＰＥ通信电缆绝缘料的综合技术性能已达到进口同类产品的先进水平。     

单锭位牵伸BCF实验机的研制

１单锭位牵伸ＢＣＦ实验机技术性能单锭位牵伸ＢＣＦ实验机具有特制热空气变形喷嘴，可将ＵＤＹ或ＰＯＹ拉伸变形，并进行ＢＣＦ丝束加工实验。亦可单独进行拉伸实验，并可与单部位纺丝实验机配合使用，进行纺丝、拉伸、变形加工。实验主要技术性能参数如下。适纺纤维：丙...     

Synthesis of dysprosium/Mn–Cu ferrite binary nanocomposite: Analysis of structural,morphological, dielectric,and optomagnetic properties

Manganese–copper ferrite (MCFO) and dysprosium (Dy)-doped manganese–copper ferrite nanocomposites (Mn_0.5Cu_0.5Dy_xFe_2−xO₄) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) were synthesized by sonochemical method. Crystal structure and the structural parameters of the MCFO were analyzed based on the doping concentration of Dy ion. It was observed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized nanocomposite decreases when the concentration of Dy increases. The existing spherical surface morphology of the MCFO and Dy-doped MCFO nanocomposites were obtained through scanning electron microscopy. In the UV spectrum, the pristine MCFO sample showed an absorbance peak at 743 nm whereas the absorbance values of Dy-doped ferrite nanocomposite considerably shifted (blue) toward a lower wavelength (231–222 nm). The dielectric parameters of all ferrite nanocomposites were studied in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5 MHz. The dielectric spectrum revealed that dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased with increased doping concentration of Dy ion. The saturation magnetization also changed with Dy doping in MCFO. The impact of Dy on manganese–copper ferrite changed the optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of the prepared binary ferrite nanocomposite, which can be used for microwave-absorbing material applications.     

Mechanical Properties of Compression Molded Banana Pseudo-stem Filled Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (UPVC) Composites

Mechanical strengths of a banana pseudo-stem (BPS) fiber and unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) composite were evaluated to assess the possibility of using it as a new material in engineering applications. Samples were fabricated by the compression molding process with reference to the effect of filler loading. The samples were submitted to mechanical tests to measure tensile, flexural, and impact properties of the composites. The nature of adhesion between the matrix and the reinforcement and information relating the structure of mechanical properties can be obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) assessment of the composite fracture surface. The mechanical properties show that the composites did not have good adhesion between filler and matrix; on the other hand, the filler insertion improved the flexural modulus and the material rigidity.     

单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的几种力学性能研究

本文用实验方法研究了单向玻璃纤维-铝合金层板的拉伸性能、疲劳性能和冲击性能。利用金属体积分数理论验证了这类层板的拉伸性能。通过对其疲劳性能的实验研究，发现裂纹扩展速率的大小及刚度的下降与加载的最大循环应力密切相关的规律。实验发现该层板具有比铝合金好得多的冲击性能。     

核壳型纳米粒子合成方法及其性能的研究进展

核壳纳米粒子作为复合纳米粒子一个重要的分支,由于其光、磁和催化等方面的优异性能,近年来引起了人们广泛的关注.本文主要介绍了核壳纳米粒子的制备方法及诸多性能,并对核壳纳米粒子的发展进行了展望.     

TMPTMA在硅橡胶中的应用研究

研究了助交联剂三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)对硅橡胶硫化性能、力学性能、低温性能和粘接性能的影响。结果表明,加入少量TMPTMA能改善硅橡胶的硫化特性和工艺性,提高硫化胶的硬度,降低硅橡胶的结晶温度,并有效提高硅橡胶与金属的粘接强度;但TMPTMA用量超过一定数值后,由于TMPTMA部分自聚合,在硅橡胶内形成一定的交联网络,造成两相界面粘接力变差,致使硅橡胶的拉伸强度降低。当TMPTMA用量为1份时,硅橡胶具有最佳的综合性能。     

聚氨酯种类对机械性能以及阻尼性能影响研究

分别以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMEG)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG-1000)为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI-50、MDI-100LL),以及扩链剂1,4-丁二醇(BDO)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为硬段,采用预聚体法制备了聚氨酯弹性体。并系统研究了聚氨酯体系中各组分的种类对材料机械性能和阻尼性能的影响。     

A new precursor to lightweight porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics with enhanced microwave transmissivity

Nowadays, complicated preparation processes and harsh sintering conditions wave transparent ceramics limit its further development. To solve this problem, we explore a promising precursor by adopting a polymerization-pyrolysis method to prepare porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics at a mild sintering condition (1000 °C). The porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics exhibits enhanced wave transparency at 10–16 GHz with a low dielectric constant (<3), a low loss angle tangent value (<0.01), and simultaneously, a relative high flexible strength of 82 MPa. According to the results of the XRD and FTIR analysis, porous Al₄B₂O₉ crystallization dispersed in the amorphous SiO₂ matrix constructs the main phases of the products. The changes of Al and B elements are confirmed to have an effect on the phase compositions and micro structure of the composite ceramics, which obviously affect the mechanical and dielectric properties of the derived ceramics. The as-prepared porous Si–Al–O–B ceramics could be a potential candidate for next generation electronic window materials due to its low dielectric constant and loss angle tangent value, as well as high flexible strength.     

Effects of support and additive on oxidation state and activity of Pt catalyst in propane combustion

The effects of support and additive on the oxidation state and catalytic activity of Pt catalyst in the low temperature propane combustion were systematically investigated on Pt/MgO, Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂–Al₂O₃. The catalytic activity varied much with both support materials and additives. The catalyst on the more acidic support showed higher activity, and the catalytic activity on every support materials increased as the electronegativity of additives increased, while some additives decreased the activity. The oxidation state of platinum, estimated by white line intensity of Pt L_III-edge XANES spectrum, also varied with the support and additives, and additives with higher electronegativity greatly prevented the platinum from its oxidation under oxidising atmosphere. Among almost all the catalysts with various supports and various additives, a clear relationship was observed between the oxidation state of platinum and the catalytic activity; the more metallic platinum showed higher activity. Thus, it was concluded that the total electrophilic/electrophobic property derived from those of the support and additive controls the oxidation state of platinum, which intensively affects the catalytic activity; i.e. higher electrophilic property provides less oxidised platinum, resulting in high catalytic activity. The mechanism of this effect was also discussed on the basis of thermochemical data, and it was proposed that the electrophobic materials promote the noble metal oxidation since the noble metal oxo-anion such as PtO^δ− is more stabilised with electrophobic cation.     

聚丙烯基抗菌塑料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融挤出共混技术制备了聚丙烯(PP)基抗菌塑料。研究了抗菌母料Antim-PP对PP的抗菌性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当抗菌母料与PP的质量比为4:100时,抗菌PP塑料对大肠杆菌的抗菌率大于99%,抗菌母料的加入使共混物的冲击性能有明显改善,其他力学性能基本不受影响。