关于催化裂化装置中烟气能量回收机组配置形式的探讨

介绍了催化裂化装置中主风机与烟气轮机能量回收机组的配置类型,分析了国内现存烟气能量回收机组的配置状态,通过类比冶金行业高炉风机与高炉烟气能量回收机组的配置,建议改变烟气轮机与主风机的配置形式,采用超越离合器,为用户长周期高效运行提供有力的保障。     

烟气轮机-主风机组选型计算与优化软件包的开发与应用

通过对主风机选型计算、烟气轮机(烟机)热力计算、主风机组人口蝶阀计算、非冷却离心压缩机性能换算的研究。开发了烟机-主风机组选型计算与优化软件包。结果表明，在工程的方案和基础设计阶段，该软件包为烟机-主风机组选型或改造提供了方便、快捷和准确的理论数据结果；也可以为机组和装置的优化操作提供参考依据。     

提高气体吹灰器吹灰效果的方法

针对目前石油化工企业气体吹灰器使用效果不理想的状况,通过在1∶1工业应用规模吹灰试验装置上的模拟试验,找出了现有吹灰技术在优化吹灰时间、吹灰介质压力、吹灰器喷嘴排布、吹灰器喷嘴结构四个方面存在的问题。从这四个方面讨论了提高气体吹灰器吹灰效果的方法。在灰垢沉积初期,炉管表面积灰量少,黏聚力弱,此时为气体吹灰器吹扫效果最佳的时期;采用同轴双管改进型吹灰管结构,使吹灰介质进入喷孔时的压力衰减减少,从而使现有吹灰管吹灰气流的吹扫动能提高;根据不同炉型设计不同的吹灰器喷嘴布置结构,使吹灰喷嘴正对每根炉管的背部;对于炉管排数较多的对流段或预热器,增加斜喷嘴对吹扫第3～5排炉管上的灰垢有显著效果。     

燃气脉冲波吹灰器在CO锅炉上的应用

介绍燃气脉冲波吹灰器的系统构成、工艺原理及其在青岛石油化工有限责任公司的应用情况。针对应用中出现的问题采取了措施,效果明显:(1)由导焰管引起的烟气走廊得到了消除;(2)一次点火成功率达到90%以上;(3)过热器区域的早爆现象不再出现;(4)腐蚀问题得到了初步解决。     

大型催化裂化装置主风机组启动影响因素及启动方法的探讨

根据工程实践分析了影响大型催化裂化装置主风机机组启动的因素 ,提出了解决启动问题的对策 ,如减小机组轴系转动惯量 ,增大电动机的启动力矩、减小机组启动阻力矩、采用启动电机、用烟机启动机组等。介绍的几种启动方法均在工程中成功应用 ,对解决大型机组启动问题有一定的参考价值。     

Production of commercial gasolines using reflux

Ways of utilizing straight-run reflux when there is no gas fractionation unit for maximum extraction of its hydrocarbons into commercial gasolines. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 3–4, July–August, 2008.     

Features of aging of engine oil in a gas engine

The basic physicochemical indexes of M-10-D₂(m) engine oil change much less intensively in a gas engine than in a diesel. Low accumulation of elements-indicators of parts wear-and fouling of parts by carbon and varnish deposits were noted. Formation of ash deposits in the valves was more important. Dithiophosphate additives were depleted similarly in both engines. Information on the requirements for special oils for gas engines is reported __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 24–27, July–August, 2007.     

Development of a gas distributing system for a Gifford-MacMahon microrefrigerator having a free expulsor with an automatic control system

A gas distributing system is proposed that curtails the time for attaining the normal operating condition, maintains maximum refrigeration over the whole operation temperature range, and increases reliability and operating life. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 7, pp. 17–19, July, 2006.     

烟气轮机——主风机组安装问题及对策

从四个方面详细介绍了机组安装施工中遇到的问题及解决措施。     

Simulating the formation of colloidal sulfur in gas-phase condensation

A method is proposed and realized for simulating the formation of colloidal sulfur during condensation from the gas phase. Calculations have been performed on the optimal parameters of the condensation, which increase the proportion of extracted sulfur from the gas phase and produce dispersed colloidal particles of size 0.5–5 μm, which produces dense structures of sulfur clusters.     

State and prospects of development of modular hydrocarbon gas compressing plants having a 6.3 MW gas turbine drive

Technical characteristics of the plants, such as petroleum gas gathering and transportation, petroleum gas-lift, transportation of natural gas at both linear and booster gas compressing stations, etc., are given. Trends of further development of compressor plants having an aircraft-type gas turbine drive with a power of as much as 6.3 MW are formulated. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 5, pp. 24–29, May, 2006.     

Determination of the mass concentration of automotive gasoline vapors

A method of determining the mass concentration of automotive gasoline vapors with designation of a standard gas mixture for calibrating IR gas analyzers is described. The average composition and molecular weight of the gasoline vapors and the composition of the standard gas mixture were established. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 44–46, January–February, 2008.     

Modeling of pyrolysis of straight-run naphtha in a large-capacity type SRT-VI furnace

The problem of modeling pyrolysis of naphtha in a modern SRT-VI large-capacity furnace from ABB Lummus Global (USA) was examined. Curves of the yield of basic products as a function of the composition of the feedstock and pyrolysis regime were obtained with the experimental data and physicochemical characteristics of the process. The model is intended for predicting the composition of pyrolysis gas and controlling the pyrolytic process in an active plant. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 37–42, May–June, 2008.     

Use of Onboard Liquefied Natural Gas Fuel Systems for Open-Pit Dump Trucks

Various operation conditions of engines run on natural gas (gas-diesel and gas), design of liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel tank for open-pit dump trucks, and structural scheme of the LNG production — dump truck refueling chain are discussed. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 8, pp. 21–23, August 2005.     

Selective oxidation of methane into synthesis gas at short contact times on low-loading platinum-ruthenium catalysts

The results of the study of Pt-Ru/2% Ce/(θ + α)-Al₂O₃ catalysts with various Pt/Ru ratios used in the process of selective methane oxidation into synthesis gas at short contact times are presented. The optimal catalyst preparation conditions have been found for the process. It has been revealed that the methane conversion at 1173 K and a contact time of 4.0-3.0 ms varies from 96 to 100% and the selectivities for hydrogen and CO are 100 and 95–100%, respectively. At a Pt: Ru molar ratio of 2: 1 or 1: 1 and τ = 3.5 ms, the maximum (100%) degree of the conversion of methane into synthesis gas via the direct route is observed; the selectivity for H₂ and CO is 100%, and the total content of the noble metals is O ≥ 0.2%.     

120万t/a重油催化裂化装置节能改造效果分析

由于中国石油哈尔滨石化公司的120万t/a重油催化裂化装置存在主风机出口至烟机入口压降偏高的问题,所以对装置进行了改造。结果表明,改造后新设增压机,提压约40 kPa;用新型烟气分配器取代大孔分布板,实现了第二再生反应器的小风量操作,其主风流量控制在440 m3/min;改造后总能耗为36 kW.h,较改造前降低了247 kW.h;改造后再生反应器内实际烧焦效率达到了39.74%,是改造前的1.76倍。     

Effect of a convoluted gas flow on the movement of disperse phase in a rotary mass exchanger

The structure of a convoluted gas flow in a rotary mass exchanger is investigated. Profiles of the local-velocity distribution, and experimental functions for their calculation are obtained. A system of differential equations, the solution of which by the Runge-Kutta-Felberg numerical method made it possible to plot the trajectories of moving drops of a disperse liquid in a mass-force field, is compiled. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 3, pp. 9–10, March, 2007.     

Hydrodynamics of near-wall flows in a sectioned bubbling reactor

The structure of the gas-liquid flow in a bubbling column reactor sectioned by plates with radial clearance is investigated. The following dependencies are defined: the gas content in the gap and the pressure differential on the plate on the clearance at various flow velocities; and the average velocity of the liquid on the clearance at various flow velocities and relative gas flow rates. It is demonstrated that considering the high intensity and low gas content of the near-wall flows, both tend to weakening of the corrosive effect of reaction products on the housing of the vessel in the zone where the plates are installed. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 1, pp. 4–5, January, 2006.     

Utilization of sour associated gas

The problem of utilizing sour associated gas and natural gas from small fields is examined. Creation of production of commercial chemical products directly in the field, in particular, reagents against sulfate-reducing bacteria using hydrogen sulfide as feedstock, is proposed as one direction for solving this problem. The results of testing “Advance” biocide, whose production technology is based on the reaction of hydrogen sulfide contained in hydrocarbon gas with another feedstock petrochemical component, are reported. According to the results of a wide series of industrial tests, this biocide is suitable for use in the oil and gas sector.     

安装及开车环节对烟气轮机运行的影响

对烟气轮机安装的转子动平衡实验、各部间隙、转子找正以及开车环节进行了分析，提出了改进措施，提高了烟气轮机运行的可靠性。