Differentially coherent parallel interference cancellation for DS-CDMA

In this paper, we propose a novel differentially coherent (DC) parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme for direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) employing differential phase-shift keying (DPSK). The proposed scheme combines decision-feedback differential detection (DF-DD) and PIC. For optimization of the DF-DD and interference cancellation (IC) filters three different criteria are adopted. The first (DC-PIC I) and the second (DC-PIC II) criteria assume a constant channel and a channel with a small constant frequency offset, respectively, whereas the third criterion (DC-PIC III) optimizes the filters in the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) sense taking into account the statistical properties of the underlying channel. Simulations show the high achievable performance and the robustness of the novel DC-PIC receiver. A comparison with linear DC receivers and a previously proposed DC-PIC scheme show the superiority of the proposed approach.     

Adaptive parallel interference cancellation for CDMA systems—A weight selection and filtering scheme

Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) is a well-known multiuser detection algorithm in direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. It is typically implemented with a multi-stage architecture. One problem associated with the PIC is that unreliable interference cancellation may occur in the early stages and the system performance may be degraded. Thus, the partial PIC detector was developed to control the cancellation level by use of interference cancellation factors. Partial PIC can be implemented with an adaptive form, in which optimal weights are derived using the least mean square (LMS) algorithm. In this paper, we propose an algorithm improving the conventional adaptive partial PIC. The main idea is to reduce the number of active weights in the LMS algorithm, and to perform weight post-filtering such that the resultant excess mean square error can be reduced. We also analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm and derive the bit error rate of the second stage output. Simulation results verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional partial PIC, and derived analytical results are accurate.     

Trickle-based interference cancellation schemes for CDMA systems

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to interference cancellation (IC) for code division multiple access (CDMA) uplink transmission. Several models combining principles of serial (SIC) and parallel (PIC) interference cancellation are discussed. The proposed scheme is derived from the analysis of these hybrid models and applies a user configuration algorithm (termed “trickle”) in order to provide improved bit-error-rate (BER) performance. The algorithm utilizes an adaptive matrix to compute the required configuration to be used for the subsequent interference cancellation stage. We demonstrate that significant performance improvements can be achieved over various hybrid schemes. A reduced-complexity version of the trickle algorithm is also introduced where the processing delay is greatly reduced while maintaining similar performance. We present several numerical examples through which we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms relative to existing interference cancellation algorithms.     

A fuzzy PIC multiuser detection/vector channel estimation scheme in Rayleigh fading channels

We propose a fuzzy parallel interference cancellation (PIC) multiuser detection/vector channel estimation (VCE) scheme in Rayleigh fading channels. The VCE is based on a first‐order auto‐regressive model and an expectation‐maximization algorithm. The signal‐to‐interference ratio and signal‐to‐noise ratio are estimated from the vector channel model's parameters, and we adapt the weight of each interference cancellation path via fuzzy inference mechanism. The proposed fuzzy PIC and VCE cooperate in a way such that some of the fuzzy PIC input parameters come from the channel predictor and the fuzzy PIC makes the channel predictor be more accurate at the next PIC stage. Computing weights via fuzzy adaptive method adds insignificant complexity because it involves only table lookup. The simulation results show that the proposed fuzzy PIC/VCE scheme performs better than the improved PIC/vector channel estimation scheme with optimal parameter in fast‐varying Rayleigh fading channels. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种时频双选信道下OFDM系统的低复杂度迭代干扰抵消算法

为了消除正交频分复用(OFDM)系统在时频双选信道条件下由于信道快时变带来的载波间干扰,本文提出了一种新的低复杂度迭代干扰抵消方法.为了消除载波间干扰,已经提出了不少方法,但这些方法要么因为矩阵求逆运算带来了高计算复杂度,要么以性能退化为代价换来低计算复杂度.利用并行迭代干扰抵消技术,本文算法可以明显改善系统性能,同时借助带状矩阵近似和最小二乘QR分解(LSQR)迭代计算的特点来降低计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,在高信噪比条件下,随着迭代次数的增加,本文所提出的算法可以有效的减少"地板效应",在系统性能和计算复杂度之间取得更好的折中.     

时分导频位CDMA系统上行链路阵列接收到部分多址干扰抑制技术

针对时分导频位CDMA系统上行链路,本文提出了导频位辅助LMS－DRMTA算法加上部分多址干扰对消的空时联合干扰抑制接收方案,由于阵列的干扰抑制作用,其输出信号中只剩下少量强的多址干扰信号,部分干扰对消法只对阵列输出中的强多址干扰信号进行干扰估计并抑制,这样一方面大大降低了系统处理的运算量及缓存空间,另一方面又消除了因弱多址干扰估计的不准确而民的系统性能下降,并且相对于自适应全多址干扰对消有更好的系统稳定性,仿真实验表明该方案比全干扰用户对消法具有更好的干扰抑制效果。     

WCDMA系统上行链路空时干扰抑制技术

该文提出一种将自适应并行干扰对消技术简化为利用软判决变量在一个比特周期内的平均作为再生信号幅度估计的并行干扰对消方法,这种简化大大降低了原方法的运算量,而且具有很好的稳定性。仿真实验表明在单阵元接收情况下,简化方法的对消效果较原方法有些下降,但在阵列接收然后进行并行干扰对消的情况下,二者的性能基本没有差别。因而该文针对WCDMA系统上行链路的帧结构特征,进一步提出了导频位辅助LMS-DRMTA算法加上软判决变量平均幅度估计法的空时联合WCDMA系统的干扰对消方案。     

A new ICI mitigation method with generalized data‐allocation for OFDM systems

This paper describes an ICI mitigation method based on the generalized data‐allocation of (1, ?β) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. To improve the performance of the ICI mitigation for the higher‐frequency offset, we propose an efficient search algorithm to generate the sub‐optimal parameter β for maximizing the carrier‐to‐interference ratio (CIR). The CIR and bit error rate performances of the proposed method were derived in this paper. The performances with different carrier frequency offset scenarios were evaluated by computer simulations. According to the simulation results, the performance of the proposed ICI mitigation scheme is better than that of the conventional ICI self‐cancellation scheme and is nearly the same as that of the ICI self‐cancellation scheme for the optimal parameter β. Additionally, the proposed ICI mitigation scheme has a dramatically reduced hardware complexity in comparison with the ICI self‐cancellation scheme for the optimal parameter β. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种比较决策多用户检测器的研究

以多速率码分多址(CDMA)传输为出发点，以满足不同用户信号的信干比(SIR)检测要求为目标，给出了在具有决策反馈的并行干扰抵消(PIC)检测框架下，通过实施基于概率数据关联(PDA)预估计软判决和并行干扰抵消硬判决的两种决策比较，进而选择最佳判决的方法，有效地抑制了由于信号估计不准确而造成的错误干扰抵消及相应的判决错误。文中给出了仿真结果，并分别就单一的软、硬判决及比较决策的检测性能进行了分析和比较。     

Interference and Complexity Reduction in Multi-stage Multi-user Detection in DS-CDMA

Multi-stage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) technique gives good performance compared to successive interference cancellation (SIC) method, but biased decision statistic and complexity problems are raised due to imperfect estimation of multiple access interference (MAI) as number of stages increases. partial parallel interference cancellation (PPIC) technique is proposed to cancel the interference partially stage by stage to overcome biased problem. The complexity reduction for PIC detection is based on the convergence nature of interference cancellation which is called the difference PIC (D-PIC) detection technique. In this paper we combine (PPIC and DPIC) these two techniques and propose a multi-stage multi-user (PD-PIC) detector for performance improvement and complexity reduction compared to conventional PIC detector. The performance is degraded as the number of users increases in each technique.     

Parallel Interference Cancellation in Multiuser CDMA Channel Estimation

Parallel interference cancellation (PIC) based channel parameter estimators for frequency selective fading channels are proposed for the uplink in code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile communication systems. The performance of PIC based algorithms depends heavily on the quality of the multiple-access interference estimates, which can be improved by using adaptive channel estimation filters. The performance of two adaptive complex channel coefficient estimation filters has been verified in a fading channel by computer simulations. According to the results, the PIC based adaptive channel estimators outperform clearly conventional, successive interference cancellation, and decorrelation based adaptive channel estimators. The PIC method is also used in delay tracking. By using the principles of sample-correlate-choose-largest (SCCL) delay trackers, a robust algorithm for multiuser delay tracking in fading channels is obtained.     

IEEE802.16e系统上行链路初始测距算法研究

该文提出了一种适用于IEEE802.16e的OFDMA系统上行链路的初始测距频域改进算法。频域算法利用测距信号具有连续相位的特点,在频域将接收信号与备选码字共轭相关,按照接入用户信号的强弱依次检测出不同用户发送的码字和定时偏差,从而完成初始测距过程。改进频域算法在频域检测方法的基础上结合了串行干扰抵消的思想,提高了多用户同时接入系统时的正确检测概率,降低了虚警概率。通过仿真比较了改进算法和时域、频域算法的性能。结果表明,所提出的算法在计算复杂度和性能上兼有一定的优势。     

Low Complexity Iterative ICI Cancellation and Equalization for OFDM Systems Over Doubly Selective Channels

In this paper, a low complexity iterative intercarrier interference (ICI) cancellation and equalization technique is proposed for use in OFDM systems over doubly selective channels. In the iterative parallel interference cancellation/minimum mean square error (PIC/MMSE) detector has a high complexity and a restriction on the structure which can not remove the ICI in the initial stage. Therefore, an error propagation occurs due to the ICI regenerated by the incorrect output of soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder. In order to reduce the error propagation, an MMSE detector based on the successive interference cancellation (SIC) is used in the initial stage. The low complexity MMSE detector is also derived to minimize the error propagation by quantifying the decision error before SISO decoding. In the first iteration, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional PIC/MMSE scheme by about 3 dB at bit error rate $({rm BER})=1times 10^{-3}$ while maintaining the equivalent computational complexity. In the subsequent iteration, it is possible to cancel the ICI out in the received signals by the aid of soft log-likelihood ratio (LLR) fed from the SISO decoder. Converting the LLR to the decision error probability, the error covariance matrix is obtained more accurately. As a result, the error propagation can be effectively reduced by dealing with only the dominant components, when considering decision errors. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional PIC/MMSE scheme.      

时变信道下OFDM系统中基于载频间干扰抑制的迭代检测算法

为了有效地抑制OFDM系统载频间干扰（ICI），提出一种并行干扰消除的迭代检测算法。基于检测信号的信干噪比最大化的准则，通过对接收信号进行判决、重构、干扰抵消处理，建立了ICI抑制的迭代检测算法，给出了信号检测流程。通过对时变信道的分析，研究了时变信道中归一化频偏对系统陛能的影响，给出了性能仿真结果。仿真结果表明所建议的算法可有效地利用时变信道的时间分集特性来提高系统性能，计算复杂度从O（N^3）降低到O（N）。     

Carrier Frequency Offset Compensation with Successive Cancellation in Uplink OFDMA Systems

Similar to OFDM systems, OFDMA systems also suffer from frequency mismatches between the receiver and the transmitter. However, the fact that each uplink user has a different frequency offset makes the compensation more challenging than that of OFDM systems. This letter proposes successive interference cancellation (SIC) for compensating the frequency offset in the uplink OFDMA systems. A decorrelator is used to remove the inter-carrier interference (ICI) within a user's signal and successive cancellation is applied to mitigate the multi access interference (MAI) arising due to the frequency difference among uplink users. The proposed algorithm is shown to eliminate the interference and has a manageable complexity.     

A simple iterative carrier frequency synchronization technique for OFDMA uplink transmissions

This paper examines the carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation problem in the tile‐based orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink systems, which is very challenging due to the presence of multiple CFOs. The existing solutions to this problem are either too complex to implement or not flexible in subcarrier allocation. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a tile‐structure based iterative multi‐CFO estimation technique. The proposed method is developed based on a special training sequence with repetitive structure. The inherent multi‐user interference (MUI) compression provided by the tile structure allows us to utilize the repetitive property of the training sequence to jointly estimate the CFOs in the frequency domain with low complexity. Combining the CFO estimation with an interference cancellation scheme and performing iteratively, the algorithm achieves high estimation accuracy and fast convergence. The proposed algorithm is suitable for any subcarrier assignment schemes. In addition, as compared with other existing time domain based algorithms, which achieve the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) at the price of unaffordable complexity, it closely approaches their performance with over 70% computational saving, which is significantly important for practical implementation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于LDPC编码的MIM0系统迭代接收机研究

研究了基于LDPC编码无线MIMO通信系统中的软输出最小均方误差干扰抵消迭代(MMSE PIC)检测算法.针对初次迭代检测时PIC输出的后验比特对数似然比(LLR)不可靠的问题,利用MMSE滤波器输出的高斯近似表示,给出了基于后验概率估计的迭代干扰抵消检测算法,以提高检测器输出的编码比特对数似然比的可靠性.仿真结果表明...     

Fuzzy adaptive partial parallel multistage detection for MIMO systems

Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) detection followed by a full parallel interference cancellation (full PIC) or a constant-weight partial parallel interference cancellation (CW-PPIC) scheme has been proposed. However, its performance degrades when the received power of the antenna is unbalanced and/or the system is heavily loaded. Therefore, V-BLAST is proposed, followed by fuzzy adaptive partial parallel multistage detection for MIMO systems. The simulation results show that the error probability of this proposed method is better than that of V-BLAST followed by full PIC or CW-PPIC schemes     

LTE uplink MIMO receiver with low complexity interference cancellation

In LTE/LTE-A uplink receiver, frequency domain equalizers (FDE) are adopted to achieve good performance. However, in multi-tap channels, the residual inter-symbol and inter-antenna interference still exist after FDE and degrade the performance. Conventional interference cancellation schemes can minimize this interference by using frequency domain interference cancellation. However, those schemes have high complexity and large feedback latency, especially when adopting a large number of iterations. These result in low throughput and require a large amount of resource in software defined radio implementation. In this paper, we propose a novel low complexity interference cancellation scheme to minimize the residual interference in LTE/LTE-A uplink. Our proposed scheme can bring about 2 dB gains in different channels, but only adds up to 7.2 % complexity to the receiver. The scheme is further implemented on Xilinx FPGA. Compared to other conventional interference cancellation schemes, our scheme has less complexity, less data to store, and shorter feedback latency.     

Frequency-hopping versus interference cancellation for TD-CDMA

This work considers asynchronous time division code division multiple access (TD-CDMA) systems with RAKE receivers and one stage of parallel interference cancellation (PIC) or serial interference cancellation (SIC). A general method based on the concept of spherically symmetric signals is presented for the evaluation of the average probability of error of uncoded TD-CDMA systems. Slow frequency-hopping (SFH) with frequency overlap (FO) between adjacent carriers and interference cancellation are also included in the analysis, which considers the multipath Rayleigh fading channel (which models indoor and outdoor vehicular radio propagation). We analyze quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation with coherent demodulation and multipath (frequency) diversity with maximal ratio combining (MRC). Power control, adaptive SFH, and interference cancellation are employed for improving the bit-error rate (BER) performance. It is found that the scheme with SFH, in spite of the FO, always improves the performance substantially, and interference cancellation, in general, provides the highest BER improvement