金属板材成形的静力隐式有限元分析与程序设计

阐述了用于板材成形过程静力隐式数值模拟的弹塑性大变形有限元方法,基于给出的方法编制了板材成形过程数值模拟软件,并对矩形板的液压胀形进行了有限元分析,计算结果与典型的实验结果吻合很好.对球形模具拉伸成形过程进行了数值模拟,给出了计算结果.     

板料成形数值模拟有限元求解算法

正确选用有限元求解算法是成形模拟成功的关键技术之一。阐述了板料成形数值模拟的4种有限元求解算法,即静力隐式算法、动力显式算法、静力显式算法和一步成形法,并对这4种算法进行了论述和比较,介绍了其在实际中的应用,探讨了在板料成形模拟中如何选择有限元算法进行可靠、高效的有限元分析。     

弹塑性隐式阻尼迭代法

作者给出了联立求解平衡方程、屈服条件和塑性流动方程的弱解形式, 同时提出了两种位移增量迭代算法:一是以应变增量和塑性因子为独立基本未知量的联立求解迭代算法;二是以应变增量为独立基本未知量的数值求解方法。为了避免弹塑性刚度矩阵的奇异性, 改善迭代收敛速度, 针对上述两种迭代算法本文提出了隐式阻尼迭代法, 并编写了相应脚本文件和计算流程, 并基于有限元程序自动生成系统(FEPG)生成了求解弹塑性问题的有限元源程序。最后, 通过算例验证了所提出的迭代法和计算程序的可靠性和有效性。     

一种适用于率相关晶体塑性模型的准隐式积分算法

参考经典的切线系数法,采用向前梯度法对修正的超弹性晶体塑性模型进行本构方程积分,提出了一种新的准隐式积分算法。该算法采用基于中间构型的超弹性晶体塑性模型,无需更新晶粒取向相关的状态变量;采用修正的超弹性框架,无需进行由Green-Naghdi材料共旋引起的旋转变换。这种准隐式积分算法兼有超弹性模型和切线系数法的优点。通...     

有限元仿真技术在板材成形中的应用

有限元仿真技术具有很强的经济性和柔性,已广泛应用于汽车钢铁工业领域。文中论述了板材成形有限元仿真分析的关键技术及其研究进展,并采用动力显式有限元软件LS-DYNA对轻型车侧围后外板零件冲压成形过程进行了仿真计算,分析了变形过程的金属流动规律。     

向量式有限元在索穹顶静力分析中的应用

索穹顶结构是一种由预应力拉索与竖杆组成的高效柔性空间结构,易发生较大位移,拉索可能出现松弛现象。该文采用向量式有限元进行了索穹顶的静力分析。向量式有限元是一种向量力学与数值计算相结合的分析方法,不同于传统分析力学方法和其他数值计算方法。向量式有限元基于运动方程求解,不需求解非线性方程组及刚度矩阵,尤其适合于发生刚体位移和几何大变形的结构或机构求解。该文首先介绍了向量式有限元的基本原理,推导了预应力索单元的求解公式,最后采用自编向量式有限元程序,分析了一个单摆模型和一个索穹顶结构模型。结果表明：向量式有限元应用于索穹顶静力分析是可行而且可靠的,在传统有限元计算难以收敛的情况下仍然可以对结构进行精确的非线性分析,为索穹顶的非线性分析提供了一种新的方法和手段。     

实腹式型钢混凝土异形柱中框架拟静力试验及静力弹塑性分析

为研究实腹式型钢混凝土异形柱中框架的受力性能, 对1榀缩尺比为1∶2.5的两跨三层实腹式型钢混凝土异形柱中框架进行了拟静力试验, 得到了试件的破坏形态、滞回曲线和特征点荷载、位移参数。在试验研究的基础上, 对该新型框架结构在SAP2000程序中静力弹塑性分析模型的建立方法进行了对比分析, 结果表明：利用纤维铰建立的分析模型能更有效地分析其静力弹塑性性能。考虑影响实腹式型钢混凝土异形柱中框架弹塑性的4个主要因素：柱肢高肢厚比、型钢屈服强度、混凝土强度和梁柱屈服弯矩比, 对其静力弹塑性分析模型进行了变参数分析, 结果表明：提高柱肢高肢厚比或梁柱屈服弯矩比, 可显著提高框架的水平承载力;随柱肢高肢厚比的加大, 框架的刚度明显增大;改变柱肢高肢厚比、型钢屈服强度或梁柱屈服弯矩比, 框架的延性基本不变。     

环件冷轧过程弹塑性动力显式算法有限元模拟

基于弹塑性变形理论,通过虚功率原理建立环件冷轧过程有限元方程,并采用对时间的中心差分格式进行求解。在进行弹塑性应力分析时,本文引入径向回映算法,并分别给出了弹塑性加载和弹性回复时的应力计算列式。开发了环件冷轧有限元模拟软件NHRing,并对矩形截面环件开式冷轧过程进行了分析计算。计算结果表明,随着轧制的进行,环件中的应变分布趋于均匀,而环件截面中心部位由于锻不透将导致端面产生“鱼尾”现象,这与实际环轧生产基本一致。     

刚性有限元弹塑性分析的网格相关性

本文通过理论分析模型及算例检验证明，采用刚性有限元进行弹塑性分析的计算结果与网格剖发形式相关。刚性有限元的这一缺点，可通过加密网格，采用不规则形状单元及沿可能屈服面方向划分单元交界线的方法加以改善。     

板料成形中的有限元数值模拟技术

综述了板料成形中有限元数值模拟技术的发展及我国目前板料成形数值模拟技术的研究和应用水平.论述了美、日等发达国家在汽车覆盖件模拟方面取得的进展,指出了今后的研究方向.     

The inside–outside contact search algorithm for finite element analysis

A new contact search algorithm (Inside–Outside Algorithm) for the sheet forming simulation has been developed and implemented in the dynamic explicit FE code: ‘DYNAMIC’. The inside–outside algorithm is derived based on the feature of the inside–outside status of a nodal ‘mesh normal vector’ in respect to a surface segment for the judgment of the contact of FE nodes with the tool surface. This new algorithm includes local search, local track and penetration calculation processes. Almost no additional CPU time is required for the local search process, because the calculations for both global and local search are combined. Moreover, the problems of conventional contact searching algorithms, such as iterations for local search and the deadzone problem, are resolved. Therefore, the quick, robust contact searching and accurate evaluation of penetration have been achieved. The numerical results show that the new contact searching algorithm is more cost effective and robust than conventional ones. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

再生塑料内污染物迁移的有限元分析

建立计算仿真模型,该模型可用来预测再生塑料内污染物向液体产品(如食品)的迁移.该仿真模型的建立是基于有限元方法,可分析多层结构中的迁移.该项工作对于再生塑料尤其是有低阻隔性的聚烯烃在食品包装上的应用具有潜在意义.     

High performance computational kernels for selected segments of a p finite element code

A high performance implementation is presented for three kernel routines commonly found in element-byelement preconditioned conjugate gradient finite element codes. These routines include forming the element stiffness matrices and loading vectors, or in the case of a non-linear problem, element residual vectors; and routines for applying element matrix–vector products. The present study considers tensor product elements of arbitrary mapping in 2-D, although the generalization to triangular elements and serendipity elements is straightforward. The implementation presented is most appropriate for high p type finite element methods, where the element matrices are relatively large and dense. This results in a set of high performance kernels for superscalar architectures, which otherwise may be memory bandwidth limited. Performance studies are presented for a representative superscalar microprocessor, the Intel i860. As these types of microprocessors are at the heart of modern workstations as well as several parallel supercomputing systems, this work is relevant across a variety of platforms. The resulting kernels yield both high performance on a variety of sequential architectures as well as a high degree of code portability through the basic linear algebra subprograms mechanism.     

铝合金板成形性及成形工艺研究现状

介绍了铝合金板材成形过程中影响其成形性能的主要因素,提高铝合金成形性能的先进成形工艺,以及有限元分析技术在铝合金板成形领域应用中的进展.指出开展对高性能铝合金板成形性能的实验研究与成形工艺有限元数值模拟有利于拓宽高性能铝合金板成形件在高技术领域的应用.     

GH4169集合器超塑成形有限元分析及预成形研究

为了成功超塑成形GH4169高温合金集合器并降低研制成本,采用有限元分析对GH4169合金集合器超塑成形过程进行了数值模拟,并采用拉深成形工艺对集合器超塑成形所需的预成形进行了研究.结果表明:超塑成形需筒形预成形件,且聚料工步是超塑成形出满足设计要求的零件所必需的一道工序;成功地拉深出集合器超塑成形预成形件;合金经预拉深成形后,在超塑成形温度(950℃)下保温30 min后仍是ASTM 10级以上的细晶组织,能够满足超塑成形所需的细晶组织的要求.     

板料成形中韧性断裂准则应用研究进展

对板料成形中的成形极限应力图、最大变薄率、成形极限图以及韧性断裂准则等预测成形极限的方法,进行了综述和分析。指出利用韧性断裂准则,不但能够较好地预测塑性差的板料成形极限,而且还能考虑应变路径的变化。利用有限元方法模拟时,韧性断裂准则既可以应用到完全耦合的弹塑性损伤模型的增量方法中,也可以应用到一步有限元逆算法中。为了准确地预测成形极限,除了提高有限元模拟精度外,应找到一种本质地反映材料性能的韧性断裂准则。     

板料V形弯曲回弹的动力烛式有限元分析

板料成形后的回弹对精度影响较大，在数值模拟时对回弹进行精确预测显得非常重要。基于连续介质力学及有限变形理论，建立了适合于三给板料成形分析的显式算法的有限元数学模型，采取集中质量矩阵，用动力显式积分的方法，使位移计算显式化，避免了由材料、几何、边界条件等高度非线性因素引起的计算收敛问题。根据该模型开发了动力显式算法的板料成形过程模拟的有限元分析程序DESSFORM3D，应用该软件模拟了包括回弹在内的整个板料V形弯曲的成形过程。通过3个不同凸模行程时计算与实验的板料几何形状对比以及计算结果与实验结果对比，验证了软件计算结果的准确性。     

Finite Element Modelling and the Experimental Verification of Superplastic Forming

FEM analysis has proved to be a powerful investigative tool capable of encompassing all the aspects that characterise an SPF process. However, despite the high potential of FEM programs they do not allow one to directly and suitably obtain the thickness of a sheet product for high deformation values, as commonly occurs in SPF processes. Many papers have been published on finite element analysis of S.P.F. process but the question of calculus accuracy in thicknesses of a sheet product has not been directly investigated. This problem has been already considered by the authors in a previous study which proposed an algorithm to determine thicknesses for a specific application. The software set up starts out with the results of the FEM modelling, keeps track of the deformation undergone by each element of the mesh and calculates to a good approximation the thicknesses at the end of the forming. Although the original version of the algorithm could only be used for the application studied an updated version is introduced in this study that can be used for any case. In other words, the software generates the thickness profile at the end of the analysis independently of technological set up, item shape and type of simulation (3D and 2D). The proposed algorithm was tested with reference to the superplastic forming of an item of simple geometry beginning with a thin circular plate blocked at the edges and put under constant hydrostatic pressure on one side. The test material, made superplastic by means of a series of repeated laminations, was characterised using an alternative method to the traditional tension test. The results of the experiments are in good accordance with the numerical predictions both in terms of thickness distribution and forming times.     

Applications of linear inverse finite element method in prediction of the optimum blank in sheet metal forming

A linear inverse finite element method has been developed and investigated to predict the optimum blank. To reduce the computation time, the part is unfolded properly on the flat sheet and treated as a 2D problem. This approach is employed primarily to design the optimum blank shape from the desired final shape with the linear formulations. The procedure is based on the minimization of energy for the unfolded elements. Two solution methods, Direct and Newton–Raphson methods have been examined for the solution of nodal displacements in the equilibrium equations. The convergence show high sensitivity to the initial guess for the strain path when assumed to be linear at the first step. Two applied examples are implemented to show the efficiency of this method. In S rail example, the thickness distributions have been compared with experimental analysis after obtaining the optimum blank with Linear IFEM. In circular cup example, the results have been compared with conventional forward incremental method. New calculation of the external forces vector has been displayed. In this calculation, both blank holder force (BHF) vector and in-plane force vector have been shown. Finally, in this approach good agreement was found between the forward incremental and Linear IFEM results.