基于混合神经网络的文本分类方法

为更好解决卷积神经网络提取特征不充分,难以处理长文本结构信息和捕获句子语义关系等问题,提出一种融合CNN和自注意力BiLSTM的并行神经网络模型TC-ABlstm.对传统的卷积神经网络进行改进,增强对文本局部特征的提取能力;设计结合注意力机制的双向长短期记忆神经网络模型来捕获文本上下文相关的全局特征;结合两个模型提取文...     

基于卷积神经网络和用户信息的微博话题追踪模型*

为了解决微博文本特征抽取及特征稀疏问题,提出基于卷积神经网络的微博话题追踪模型(CNN-TTM).基于微博用户信息,又提出融合微博用户信息及卷积神经网络的微博话题追踪模型(CNN-UserTTM),利用微博用户信息提高话题追踪准确率.实验表明,在新浪微博数据集上,CNN-TTM和CNN-UserTTM分别获得较高的微博话题追踪准确率.     

基于词注意力卷积神经网络模型的情感分析研究

情感分类任务需要捕获文本中的情感特征,利用重要的局部特征构建文本的特征表示。卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)已经被证明拥有出色的特征学习能力,但是该模型无法判别输入文本中特征词与情感的相关性,卷积层缺乏对单一词特征的提取。基于目前运用非常成功的注意力模型,该文提出一种基于词注意力的卷积神经网络模型(word attention-based convolutional neural networks,WACNN)。相比于卷积神经网络,该模型以篇章的文本信息作为输入,首先在词嵌入层之后增加注意力机制层,获取重要的局部特征词,使模型有选择地进行特征提取;然后在卷积层中增加大小为1的卷积核,提取单一词的特征;最后该方法对输入文本进行适当的文本填充,保证每个词都存在上下文信息,使模型有效提取到每个词的n-grams局部特征,避免卷积处理过程中局部信息的丢失。该模型在MR5K和CR数据集上进行验证,较普通卷积神经网络和传统机器学习方法,在准确率上分别取得0.5%和2%的提升。     

基于卷积神经网络的微博话题内容搜索方法

针对由于微博文本的数据特性造成的传统信息搜索方法无法直接实现微博话题内容搜索的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的微博话题内容搜索方法,对微博安全话题内容进行搜索和匹配排序。该方法包括基于深度卷积神经网络的微博内容筛选和微博内容匹配两部分。微博内容筛选依据深度卷积特征表示进行微博内容筛选,微博内容匹配通过卷积特征非线性变换对筛选结果进行匹配排序。微博内容筛选和微博内容匹配对国民安全话题相关的微博文本内容局部特征进行处理,对筛选结果进行相似度计算从而实现相似度匹配。实验结果表明该方法在微博搜索性能上优于现有同类方法,并验证了所提出方法针对安全话题的微博文本内容搜索的有效性。     

一种新的考虑注意力机制的微博谣言检测模型

随着社交媒体的迅速发展,谣言通过社交媒体迅速传播,识别社交媒体网络上的谣言是社交网络研究中一个至关重要的问题.本文提出了一种新的考虑注意力机制的微博谣言检测模型,考虑到卷积神经网络(CNN)提取到的特征对输出结果影响力问题,在经典的文本卷积神经网络(Text CNN)上引入了注意力机制,通过CNN中的卷积层学习微博窗口的特征表示,再根据每个特征表示对输出结果的影响力不同通过注意力机制赋予不同的权重来进行谣言事件的检测.研究结果表明,本文提出的微博谣言检测模型准确率达到了96.8%,并且在召回率和F1值上也有提升,即本文提出的新的微博谣言检测模型具有更好的谣言识别能力.     

基于膨胀卷积迭代与注意力机制的实体名识别方法

针对传统实体名识别方法无法兼顾文本序列提取特征的有效性和神经网络模型训练速度的问题,提出一种基于迭代膨胀卷积神经网络(IDCNN)与注意力机制(ATT)的实体名识别方法。IDCNN可利用GPU并行计算的优化能力,保留长短期记忆神经网络的特性,即用简单的结构记录尽可能多的输入信息,并在准确提取文本序列特征的同时加快神经网络模型的训练速度。通过引入ATT运用文本语法信息和单词词性信息,从众多文本特征中选择对实体名识别更关键的特征,从而提高文本特征提取的准确性。在新闻数据集和微博数据集上的实验结果表明,神经网络模型的训练速度比传统的双向长短期记忆神经网络有显著提升,基于注意力的实体名识别方法的评价指标比传统的无注意力机制方法提高2%左右。     

基于CNN和BiLSTM网络特征融合的文本情感分析

卷积神经网络（CNN）和循环神经网络（RNN）在自然语言处理上得到广泛应用,但由于自然语言在结构上存在着前后依赖关系,仅依靠卷积神经网络实现文本分类将忽略词的上下文含义,且传统的循环神经网络存在梯度消失或梯度爆炸问题,限制了文本分类的准确率。为此,提出一种卷积神经网络和双向长短时记忆（BiLSTM）特征融合的模型,利用卷积神经网络提取文本向量的局部特征,利用BiLSTM提取与文本上下文相关的全局特征,将两种互补模型提取的特征进行融合,解决了单卷积神经网络模型忽略词在上下文语义和语法信息的问题,也有效避免了传统循环神经网络梯度消失或梯度弥散问题。在两种数据集上进行对比实验,实验结果表明,所提特征融合模型有效提升了文本分类的准确率。     

基于多粒度文本特征表示的微博用户兴趣识别

微博用户兴趣发现对社交网络的个性化推荐和信息传播的正确引导具有重要意义,因此提出了一种基于多粒度文本特征表示的微博用户兴趣识别方法.首先,从主题层、词序层和词汇层3个方面对微博用户构造文本向量,利用LDA提取内容的主题特征,通过LSTM学习内容的语义特征,引入腾讯AI Lab开源词向量获取词义特征;然后,将以上3种特征向量拼接得到的多粒度文本特征表示矩阵输入CNN中,进行文本分类训练;最后,通过多端输出层实现对微博用户的兴趣识别.实验结果表明,多粒度特征表示模型的分类实验结果比单粒度特征表示模型的精准率、召回率和F1值分别提高了8％,12％和13％.基于对文本粗、细语义粒度和词粒度的综合考量,结合神经网络分类算法,多粒度特征表示模型的评价指标均优于单粒度特征表示模型.     

基于情感分析和Transformer模型的微博谣言检测

针对微博文本以实现谣言检测为目标,深度挖掘微博正文内容的语义信息,并且着重强调用户在微博评论中体现的情感倾向性,提升谣言识别效果。为提高谣言检测的准确率,采取基于XLNet的词嵌入方法,使用Transformer的Encoder的模型提取微博正文内容的语义特征,并结合BiLSTM+Attention网络实现微博评论的情感特征的提取,将2种特征向量进行拼接融合,进一步丰富神经网络的输入特征,之后输出微博事件的分类结果,进而实现微博谣言检测。实验结果显示,该模型对谣言识别的正确率达到94.8%。     

基于CNN-BIGRU的中文文本情感分类模型

在当今商业领域,对网络评论的情感分类一直是一个比较热门的研究方向,而为了克服传统机器学习方法所构建分类器会产生较大计算开销,精度表现较差的缺点,提出一种基于深度学习模型中卷积神经网络(CNN)与循环神经网络(RNN)模型的情感分类方法。在以往的研究中,卷积神经网络往往被用来提取文本的局部特征信息,但却容易忽视文本的长距离特征,而RNN则往往被用来提取句子的长距离依赖信息,但容易陷入梯度爆炸问题。因此,结合卷积神经网络对于局部特征信息的良好提取能力与循环神经网络对于长距离依赖信息的记忆能力,构建了一个CNN-BIGRU混合模型,用以提取文本的局部特征以及文本的长距离特征。其中循环神经网络模型使用了双向GRU模型,以避免RNN模型的梯度爆炸与梯度消失问题。在谭松波的酒店评论数据集上的实验结果表明,利用该模型,实验分类的准确率比单独使用卷积神经网络模型最高提升了26.3%,比单独使用循环神经网络模型最高提升了7.9%,从而提高了对中文文本情感分类的精度,并减少了计算开销。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。