自由振荡法试验在地层渗透性评价中的应用与探讨

自由振荡法试验就是通过一定激发手段使得钻孔内水位发生瞬时变化,获得水位-时间响应数据来确定含水层的渗透系数。该方法在地层渗透性评价中得到广泛的应用,多采用的是气压法激发水头的方式。考虑到与气压式激发水头的方式相比,注水式则只需往孔内注入一定量的水就可以实现孔内的水头差,且需要设备少,操作简单,因此,尝试将注水式激发水头的自由振荡法试验应用于某工程,并进行研究对比。通过注水式振荡试验、气压式振荡试验、标准抽水试验优缺点的比较,认为注水式振荡试验最为简便快捷,但部分实验数据出现偏差。分析试验数据出现偏差的原因,提出改进的方法,并论证该试验方法的可行性,以期在今后的工作中对改进的方法进行验证,达到此方法能推广的目的。     

滨海平原抽、注水联合试验求取水文地质参数的数值解法

为避免在滨海平原大流量抽水试验造成海水入侵的风险，通过小流量抽、注水联合试验，利用FeFlow软件对抽、注水试验的水位降深和恢复数据进行数值模拟，求取一组最优的水文地质参数，并与潜水完整井的单井水文地质参数求解方法比较，发现两种方法得出的结果相近，说明抽注、水联合试验方法可行，可以在滨海地区水文地质参数求解过程中应用。     

关于一种潜水井裸井slug数学模型的探讨及实证

利用slug试验测量渗透系数在国内外已有了比较成熟的发展,但是专门应用于潜水井裸井的slug数学模型却极少出现在各类文献中。通过注水高度对潜水含水层厚度的影响推导对潜水含水层完整井的slug数学模型,此模型与传统的Bouwer and Rice模型相比考虑了注水后潜水面水位的增加对渗透系数K的影响,并结合室内变水头渗透试验和前期抽水试验来验证在工程实例运用此模型算出的渗透系数的准确性。更多还原     

海洋环境下珊瑚岛土层溶蚀效应及渗透性特征研究

为研究海水侵蚀条件下我国南海研究区珊瑚岛地层渗透溶蚀特征,室内展开了不同密实度、pH值条件下的珊瑚砂渗透试验.研究表明:①在相同的pH值条件下,珊瑚砂的渗透系数和平均增长速率随着密实度逐渐降低.②侵蚀海水的酸性越强、pH值越低,则其对土体的渗透溶蚀特征越明显,珊瑚砂的渗透系数越大.     

由抽水试验计算砂卵石含水层渗透系数的方法对比

含水层的渗透系数是基坑降水设计中的重要参数,不同计算方法得出的渗透系数也不同,应取最适合的计算方法,以免产生较大误差。基于砂卵石潜水含水层现场单井抽水试验结果,分别利用Dupuit-Kusargent法、Thiem法、直线斜率法及水位恢复法等四种方法来计算潜水含水层渗透系数,对比各方法计算的渗透系数所模拟的水位值与现场实测值的偏差,讨论了造成这种偏差的原因,指出了各种方法的优缺点和适用性。研究结果表明,Dupuit-Kusargent法误差最大,直线斜率法次之,水位恢复法和Thiem法误差较小。同时Dupuit-Kusargent法计算结果受流量影响较大,一致性较差,其他方法结果的一致性较好。在计算砂卵石含水层的渗透系数时,如有2个以上观测井,应优先选用Thiem法;无观测井的情况下选用水位恢复法;有1个观测井且其降深-时间对数关系直线段明显时可选用直线斜率法。     

砂—粘土中海水入侵规律试验与数值模拟

近年来我国沿海城市海水入侵现象越来越严重,为了防治海水入侵,对其入侵规律的研究非常必要。本文通过室内试验与Geostudio数值模拟研究给出了砂—粘土介质中海水入侵的规律。结果表明,不同土体的海水入侵规律不尽相同;同种土体不同位置的入侵规律也不同;两种接触面上的入侵规律同时受两种介质影响,其入侵规律同时受土体颗粒大小、渗透系数、试验材料等因素影响。本研究对福建泉州地区海水入侵的研究有较大的参考价值。     

土坝坝体注水试验的影响因素

针对目前病险土坝地质勘察中选取坝体土渗透系数较难的问题,采用适合土坝坝体注水试验的渗透系数计算公式,分析了注水试验参数对渗透系数的影响,并对常水头与降水头室内渗透试验与现场注水试验成果进行对比分析。结果表明:土坝坝体注水试验水头和初始水位对试验结果影响最大,注水试验水头过高易产生坝体水力劈裂,造成坝体土渗透系数偏大的假象;大坝坝体填土均适合进行常水头及降水头注水试验;土坝坝体土渗透系数的确定应综合注水试验及室内渗透试验的成果。     

基于微水试验的北京大兴隐伏岩溶裂隙渗透系数求取方法研究

微水试验是进行岩土体渗透性测试的重要技术手段与方法。选取北京大兴隐伏奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙含水层作为目标层,依据现场条件选择生产井,利用水位自动监测装置记录停泵水位恢复法,HSZK振荡试验法与注水试验法进行微水试验应用研究,发现获得的目标层渗透系数小于传统抽水试验结果。分析认为造成这种差异的原因在于不同试验方法的影响半径不同,而微水试验结果更能体现试验点岩土体的渗透性。此外,在裂隙与岩溶介质中运用微水试验要尽量减小、避免皮肤效应的影响,选择试验方法时要保证水位瞬时变化的实现,对于主裂隙,可以借助栓塞进行分段试验。     

龙口市滨海平原地下水警戒线划定

通过建立地下水数值模拟模型,确定了龙口市滨海平原区地下水警戒基本水位和黄色、橙色、红色警戒线。为该区域实施地下水预警管理、防治海水入侵提供了必要的技术依据。     

龙口市滨海平原地下水警戒线划定

通过建立地下水数值模拟模型,确定了龙口市滨海平原区地下水警戒基本水位和黄色、橙色、红色警戒线,为该区域实施地下水预警管理、防治海水入侵提供了必要的技术依据.     

Groundwater Circulation Well for Controlling Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal aquifers: Numerical study with Experimental Validation

Saltwater intrusion into coastal aquifers has become a prominent environmental concern worldwide. As such, there is a need to prepare and implement proper remediation techniques with careful planning of freshwater withdrawal systems for controlling saltwater intrusion in coastal marine and estuarine environments. This paper investigates the performance of groundwater circulation well (GCW) in controlling saltwater intrusion problems in unconfined coastal aquifers. The GCWs have been established as a promising in-situ remedial technique of contaminated groundwater. The GCW system creates vertical circulation flow by extracting groundwater from an aquifer through a screen in a single well and injecting back into the aquifer through another screen. The circulation flow induced by GCW force water in a circular pattern between abstraction and recharge screens and can be as a hydraulic barrier for controlling saltwater intrusion problem in coastal aquifers. In this study, an effort has been made to investigate the behavior of saltwater intrusion dynamics under a GCW. An experiment has been conducted in a laboratory-scale flow tank model under constant water head boundary conditions, and the variable-density flow and transport model FEMWATER is used to simulate the flow and transport processes for the experimental setup. The evaluation of the results indicates that there is no further movement of saltwater intrusion wedge towards the inland side upon implementation of GCW, and the GCW acts as a hydraulic barrier in controlling saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers. The present study reveals the GCWs system can effectively mitigate the saltwater intrusion problem in coastal regions and could be considered as one of the most efficient management strategies for controlling the problem.

     

A Cost-Effective Method to Control Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers

Intrusion of seawater into coastal aquifers is considered one of the most important processes that degrade water-quality by raising the salinity to levels exceeding acceptable drinking standards. Therefore saltwater intrusion should be prevented or at least controlled to protect groundwater resources. This paper presents a cost-effective method to control seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. This methodology ADR (Abstraction, Desalination and Recharge) includes; abstraction of saline water and recharge to the aquifer after desalination. A coupled transient density-dependent finite element model is developed for simulation of fluid flow and solute transport and used to simulate seawater intrusion. The simulation model has been integrated with an optimization model to examine three scenarios to control seawater intrusion including; abstraction, recharge and a combination system, ADR. The main objectives of the models are to determine the optimal depths, locations and abstraction/recharge rates for the wells to minimize the total costs for construction and operation as well as salt concentrations in the aquifer. A comparison between the combined system (ADR) and the individual abstraction or recharge system is made in terms of total cost and total salt concentration in the aquifer and the amount of repulsion of seawater achieved. The results show that the proposed ADR system performs significantly better than using abstraction or recharge wells alone as it gives the least cost and least salt concentration in the aquifer. ADR is considered an effective tool to control seawater intrusion and can be applied in areas where there is a risk of seawater intrusion.     

Particle Filters to Estimate Properties of Confined Aquifers

Involving a limited resource, the assessment of groundwater aquifers is of utmost importance. A key component of any such assessment is the determination of key properties that permit water resource managers to estimate aquifer drawdown and safe yield. This paper presents a particle filtering approach to estimate aquifer properties from transient data sets, leveraging recently published analytically-derived models for confined aquifers and using sample-based approximations of underlying probability distributions. The approach is examined experimentally through validation against three common aquifer testing problems: determination of (i) transmissivity and storage coefficient from non-leaky confined aquifer performance tests, (ii) transmissivity, storage coefficient, and vertical hydraulic conductivity from leaky confined aquifer performance tests, and (iii) transmissivity and storage coefficient from non-leaky confined aquifer performance tests with noisy data and boundary effects. On the first two well-addressed problems, the results using the particle filter approach compare favorably to those obtained by other published methods. The results to the third problem, which the particle filter approach can tackle more naturally than the previously-published methods, underscore the flexibility of particle filtering and, in turn, the promise such methods offer for a myriad of other geoscience problems.     

Influences of coastal underground reservoir construction and utilization on saltwater and freshwater transport law in aquifersEI北大核心CSCD

In order to reveal the impact of underground reservoir construction and extraction methods on the saltwater and freshwater transport law in coastal aquifers, a 300m × 900m × 30m conceptual numerical model was established. The variable density current simulation method of unconfined aquifer was used to analyze the saltwater and freshwater transport law in coastal aquifer under different extraction scenarios before and after the construction of underground dam. The results show that the construction of underground dam can significantly reduce the scope and degree of seawater intrusion. Groundwater extraction can accelerate the intrusion and diffusion of residual saltwater in underground reservoirs within a certain time range. The coefficient of saltwater intrusion is exponentially related to extraction scale and the distance between extraction wells and underground dams. Reasonable layout of the location and scale of extraction wells can effectively reduce the negative impact of groundwater extraction on water salinity in the reservoir area. © 2023, Editorial Board of Water Resources Protection. All rights reserved.     

A Methodology to Analyse and Assess Pumping Management Strategies in Coastal Aquifers to Avoid Degradation Due to Seawater Intrusion Problems

Water Resources Management - In this paper we will focus on an interesting and complex problem, the analysis of coastal aquifer management alternatives in aquifers affected by seawater intrusion...     

Groundwater Response to Tidal Fluctuation in an Inhomogeneous Coastal Aquifer-Aquitard System

This paper investigates tide-induced groundwater fluctuation and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in a leaky inhomogeneous coastal aquifer system with an upper unconfined aquifer, a lower confined aquifer, and an aquitard between them. The upper left aquifer is formed due to land reclamation. The SGD defined as the groundwater flow from land into the sea is controlled mainly by the hydraulic gradient between land and sea. An analytical expression is developed to discuss and assess the effect of inhomogeneity on the groundwater head fluctuation in the leaky aquifer system. Joint effects of aquifers’ parameters such as leakage and hydraulic diffusivity on the groundwater head fluctuation and SGD are investigated. The predicted results from the analytical expression indicate that the groundwater head fluctuation in both unconfined and confined aquifers is dependent on dimensionless leakages and increases with dimensionless hydraulic diffusivity.     

Global Assessment of Seawater Intrusion Problems (Status and Vulnerability)

In this research paper we propose a novel method to perform an integrated analysis of the status and vulnerability of coastal aquifers to seawater intrusion (SWI). The method is based on a conceptual approach of intrusion that allows to summarised results in a visual way at different spatial scales, moving from steady pictures (corresponding to instantaneous or mean values in a period) including maps and 2D conceptual cross-sections and temporal series of lumped indices. Our aim is to help in the identification of coastal groundwater bodies at risk of not achieving good chemical status according to the Water Framework Directive. The indices are obtained from available information about aquifer geometry and historical monitoring data (chloride concentration and hydraulic head data). This method may be applied even in cases where a reduced number of data are available. It does not require complex modelling and has been implemented in a GIS tool that encourages its use in other cases. Analysis of the evolution of historical time series of these indices can be used to assess resilience and trends with respect to SWI problems. This method can be also useful to compare intrusion problems in different aquifers and temporal periods.     

On the Estimation of Phreatic Aquifer Parameters by the Tidal Response Technique

This paper focuses on the effects of tidal fluctuations on groundwater in the Konan groundwater basin of Japan and the methodology for estimating aquifer parameters by the tidal response technique. The field investigation revealed that the twowells (H-5 and I-2) near the coastline are significantly affectedby seawater intrusion, and the water quality is not suitable for most beneficial uses. The tidal cycle further aggravates the groundwater contamination by seawater intrusion into the basin. Using the tidal response model, the aquifer hydraulic conductivity(K) at these two sites is estimated to be 4.5 × 10^-3 and 5.1 × 10^-3 m s^-1, respectively. It was also indicated by the inverse modeling that the tidal fluctuations affect the study area up to about 1 km from the coastline. Further, the tidal efficiency was determined in the range of 20 to 21% at Site I-2 and 38 to 41% at Site H-5. The estimates of the storage coefficient (S) based on the time lag equation were not found reliable for the phreatic aquifer. However, the tidal efficiency-factor equation yielded reliable S estimates in this study. Finally, it is concluded that the tidal response techniqueis effective and reliable for estimating aquifer parameters in the coastal region, and that the Konan basin must be managed judiciously to ensure sustainable utilization of its vital groundwater resources.     

3D Variable Density Flow Simulation to Evaluate Pumping Schemes in Coastal Aquifers

A three dimensional model is presented for the simulation of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers by considering the development of a transition zone and thus the variable density flow approach. The model is applied to a heterogeneous coastal aquifer to study the effects of the pumping rate, the salinity of freshwater inflow and the thickness of the aquifer, on the degradation of pumped water quality through wells in certain location. Even for an optimum pumping scheme solution based on a simple two-dimensional flow model, we simulate freshwater degradation in pumped water which depends on the salinity of freshwater inflow and aquifer thickness.     

Modeling Groundwater Flow and Seawater Intrusion in the Coastal Aquifer of Wadi Ham,UAE

Groundwater pumping from Kalbha and Fujairah coastal aquifer of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has increased significantly during the last two decades to meet the agriculture water demands. Due to the lack of natural replenishment from rainfall and the excessive pumping, groundwater levels have declined significantly causing an intrusion of seawater in the coastal aquifer of Wadi Ham. As a result, many pumping wells in the coastal zone have been terminated and a number of farms have been abandoned. In this paper, MODFLOW was used to simulate the groundwater flow and assess the seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer of Wadi Ham. The model was calibrated against a five-year dataset of historical groundwater levels and validated against another eleven-year dataset. The effects of pumping on groundwater levels and seawater intrusion were investigated. Results showed that reducing the pumping from Khalbha well field will help to reduce the seawater intrusion into the southeastern part of the aquifer. Under the current groundwater pumping rates, the seawater will continue to migrate inland.